Historically, Canada's corrections system was influenced by former colonial affiliation with ... more Historically, Canada's corrections system was influenced by former colonial affiliation with England. The British North America Act of 1867 laid the skeleton framework for the correctional model in Canada today. As evidenced in virtually every other jurisdiction around the world, Canada's adult and juvenile correctional philosophy and practices have seen many changes since they were both established. Today, corrections for adults in Canada can be characterized as a system that is oriented toward assisting inmates with rehabilitation and safe reintegration into the community, while for young offenders it has been characterized as representing a modified justice model. Consistent with its past, both correctional models continue to evolve. Keywords: adult corrections; Canada; juvenile corrections
Educating young people on the risks of forced labour is not only one of the most critical duties ... more Educating young people on the risks of forced labour is not only one of the most critical duties in eradicating human trafficking, but due to its clandestine nature, it is also one of the most challenging. Drawing on practical experiences in Colombia, the authors exalt the value of integrating co-creation and innovation tools to promote a more effective, meaningful, and impactful knowledge transfer on forced labour between education disciplines This article, therefore, begins by presenting a descriptive overview of the application of design thinking and innovation camps. Next, the article approximates the application of those methods and instruments in teaching the issue of human trafficking, including forced labour. Then, it examines the opportunities of using design thinking and social innovation camps to educate a new generation with the knowledge, skills, and power to disrupt forced labour. Finally, this article concludes that design thinking and innovation camps are practical m...
Due in part to the growing concern of in-custody deaths and limited response by corrections offic... more Due in part to the growing concern of in-custody deaths and limited response by corrections officials, in-custody deaths have garnered considerable attention both in Canada and internationally. While preventing all deaths in custody is not possible, there may be opportunities to intervene in order to prevent some of these deaths. Identification of the factors that may contribute to in-custody deaths could assist in the development of interventions to address this issue. This commentary proposes that a national database of in-custody deaths be established in Canada that collects detailed information on all deaths in federal, provincial, and police custody. This database would help to objectively inform custodial policies and practices and allow comparisons with other jurisdictions.
L'article pr6sente les constatations d'une 6valuation de l'efficacit6 d'un pr... more L'article pr6sente les constatations d'une 6valuation de l'efficacit6 d'un programme de garde en r6gion sauvage par comparaison avec la probation. L'op6ration a utilis6 un groupe de contr6le et un groupe exp6rimental, a fait une 6valuation ant6rieure et ult6rieure et a ...
Canada has a rich and diverse criminal justice system. Before its colonization by mostly European... more Canada has a rich and diverse criminal justice system. Before its colonization by mostly Europeans, Canada’s Aboriginal peoples had their unique model of justice. As has been well documented, the Aboriginal people practiced what is now commonly referred to in the criminological and criminal justice literature as ‘restorative justice.’ However, because of what has been more recently acknowledged as cultural genocide, little attention was given to how Aboriginal people maintained ‘law and order’ before the arrival of foreign settlers. It was not until the early 1970s that the colonizing nations began introducing restorative justice elements into the conventional Western European model of criminal justice. However, such features were implemented and operationalized differently from the various traditional practices of the Aboriginal peoples. Canada has had two different restorative justice models that have not always been complimentary in their implementation or operationalization. This chapter will compare the evolution of both models of restorative justice in Can and assess how history has reshaped the meaning and practice of restorative justice for more comprehensive learning by the international community.
Cet article prdsente des renseignements descriptifs au sujet du fonctionnement du Programme d... more Cet article prdsente des renseignements descriptifs au sujet du fonctionnement du Programme d'information concernant les vols de d6panneurs A Vancouver. L'6tude d6gage ses conclusions de l'examen des op6rations du Programme du I" mai 1981 au 30 mai ...
The predicament of juvenile delinquency for most nations, including that of the Balkan region at ... more The predicament of juvenile delinquency for most nations, including that of the Balkan region at large, has been something of an enigma ever since juvenile justice legislation was first introduced. In recent years, juvenile delinquency in the Balkans has not only been increasing but its gravity has also trended upward and added to the burden of a strained juvenile justice system. This article presents an alternative option to the formal juvenile justice system which is designed to empower youth, which builds community capacity and youth resiliency, and is reintegrative and restorative in nature. An overview of the peer court model is presented and described within a possible Balkan context. Various evidence is discussed as to its relative success in other regions of the world. The paper concludes with several observations as to why the peer court model could/should be adopted 1 The author would like to acknowledge the input and feedback of Mr. Scott B. Peterson, the founder and CEO of the Global Youth Justice movement.
Studies involving illegal gambling in sports are important, though most lack a theoretical framew... more Studies involving illegal gambling in sports are important, though most lack a theoretical framework. The current study examines illegal gambling in sports using a mediational model of General Strain Theory. This features a survey of three-hundred and ninetytwo (n = 392) gamblers in Rasht, Iran. Results indicate that participants who experience subjective financial strain also experience negative emotions, which leads to a greater likelihood of illegal gambling. The concepts of financial strain (low SES) and control deficit emerged as significant in the development of gambling behaviors. The results suggests that gambling on sports behavior is learned in a similarly to pro-social behaviors, and that desistance requires an consideration of the learning process.
Trafficking in persons is one of the most complex and challenging problems faced by the world tod... more Trafficking in persons is one of the most complex and challenging problems faced by the world today. The United Nations has attempted to build a global momentum to combat this crime, commencing with the 1949 Convention for Suppression of the Traffic in Persons, and the millennial Convention against Transnational Organized Crimes and its Protocol (after this Palermo Protocol). The Conventions call upon State parties to adopt a comprehensive approach to prevent and combat trafficking in persons while emphasizing the human rights protection of the victims thereof. India, the epicenter of trafficking in the South-Asian region, owing to its geographical porosity and socioeconomic condition, has pledged to join the fight not only by ratifying the Palermo Protocol in 2011 but also brought forth its enabling legislation, the Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Protection, and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018. With existing legislation already in vogue, the latest iteration merely appears to add to the entire cacophony, without addressing the core issues. The present paper analyzes the proposed legislation in the light of international standards and argues that the legislation emphasizes criminalization over a human rights perspective.
Historically, Canada's corrections system was influenced by former colonial affiliation with ... more Historically, Canada's corrections system was influenced by former colonial affiliation with England. The British North America Act of 1867 laid the skeleton framework for the correctional model in Canada today. As evidenced in virtually every other jurisdiction around the world, Canada's adult and juvenile correctional philosophy and practices have seen many changes since they were both established. Today, corrections for adults in Canada can be characterized as a system that is oriented toward assisting inmates with rehabilitation and safe reintegration into the community, while for young offenders it has been characterized as representing a modified justice model. Consistent with its past, both correctional models continue to evolve. Keywords: adult corrections; Canada; juvenile corrections
Educating young people on the risks of forced labour is not only one of the most critical duties ... more Educating young people on the risks of forced labour is not only one of the most critical duties in eradicating human trafficking, but due to its clandestine nature, it is also one of the most challenging. Drawing on practical experiences in Colombia, the authors exalt the value of integrating co-creation and innovation tools to promote a more effective, meaningful, and impactful knowledge transfer on forced labour between education disciplines This article, therefore, begins by presenting a descriptive overview of the application of design thinking and innovation camps. Next, the article approximates the application of those methods and instruments in teaching the issue of human trafficking, including forced labour. Then, it examines the opportunities of using design thinking and social innovation camps to educate a new generation with the knowledge, skills, and power to disrupt forced labour. Finally, this article concludes that design thinking and innovation camps are practical m...
Due in part to the growing concern of in-custody deaths and limited response by corrections offic... more Due in part to the growing concern of in-custody deaths and limited response by corrections officials, in-custody deaths have garnered considerable attention both in Canada and internationally. While preventing all deaths in custody is not possible, there may be opportunities to intervene in order to prevent some of these deaths. Identification of the factors that may contribute to in-custody deaths could assist in the development of interventions to address this issue. This commentary proposes that a national database of in-custody deaths be established in Canada that collects detailed information on all deaths in federal, provincial, and police custody. This database would help to objectively inform custodial policies and practices and allow comparisons with other jurisdictions.
L'article pr6sente les constatations d'une 6valuation de l'efficacit6 d'un pr... more L'article pr6sente les constatations d'une 6valuation de l'efficacit6 d'un programme de garde en r6gion sauvage par comparaison avec la probation. L'op6ration a utilis6 un groupe de contr6le et un groupe exp6rimental, a fait une 6valuation ant6rieure et ult6rieure et a ...
Canada has a rich and diverse criminal justice system. Before its colonization by mostly European... more Canada has a rich and diverse criminal justice system. Before its colonization by mostly Europeans, Canada’s Aboriginal peoples had their unique model of justice. As has been well documented, the Aboriginal people practiced what is now commonly referred to in the criminological and criminal justice literature as ‘restorative justice.’ However, because of what has been more recently acknowledged as cultural genocide, little attention was given to how Aboriginal people maintained ‘law and order’ before the arrival of foreign settlers. It was not until the early 1970s that the colonizing nations began introducing restorative justice elements into the conventional Western European model of criminal justice. However, such features were implemented and operationalized differently from the various traditional practices of the Aboriginal peoples. Canada has had two different restorative justice models that have not always been complimentary in their implementation or operationalization. This chapter will compare the evolution of both models of restorative justice in Can and assess how history has reshaped the meaning and practice of restorative justice for more comprehensive learning by the international community.
Cet article prdsente des renseignements descriptifs au sujet du fonctionnement du Programme d... more Cet article prdsente des renseignements descriptifs au sujet du fonctionnement du Programme d'information concernant les vols de d6panneurs A Vancouver. L'6tude d6gage ses conclusions de l'examen des op6rations du Programme du I" mai 1981 au 30 mai ...
The predicament of juvenile delinquency for most nations, including that of the Balkan region at ... more The predicament of juvenile delinquency for most nations, including that of the Balkan region at large, has been something of an enigma ever since juvenile justice legislation was first introduced. In recent years, juvenile delinquency in the Balkans has not only been increasing but its gravity has also trended upward and added to the burden of a strained juvenile justice system. This article presents an alternative option to the formal juvenile justice system which is designed to empower youth, which builds community capacity and youth resiliency, and is reintegrative and restorative in nature. An overview of the peer court model is presented and described within a possible Balkan context. Various evidence is discussed as to its relative success in other regions of the world. The paper concludes with several observations as to why the peer court model could/should be adopted 1 The author would like to acknowledge the input and feedback of Mr. Scott B. Peterson, the founder and CEO of the Global Youth Justice movement.
Studies involving illegal gambling in sports are important, though most lack a theoretical framew... more Studies involving illegal gambling in sports are important, though most lack a theoretical framework. The current study examines illegal gambling in sports using a mediational model of General Strain Theory. This features a survey of three-hundred and ninetytwo (n = 392) gamblers in Rasht, Iran. Results indicate that participants who experience subjective financial strain also experience negative emotions, which leads to a greater likelihood of illegal gambling. The concepts of financial strain (low SES) and control deficit emerged as significant in the development of gambling behaviors. The results suggests that gambling on sports behavior is learned in a similarly to pro-social behaviors, and that desistance requires an consideration of the learning process.
Trafficking in persons is one of the most complex and challenging problems faced by the world tod... more Trafficking in persons is one of the most complex and challenging problems faced by the world today. The United Nations has attempted to build a global momentum to combat this crime, commencing with the 1949 Convention for Suppression of the Traffic in Persons, and the millennial Convention against Transnational Organized Crimes and its Protocol (after this Palermo Protocol). The Conventions call upon State parties to adopt a comprehensive approach to prevent and combat trafficking in persons while emphasizing the human rights protection of the victims thereof. India, the epicenter of trafficking in the South-Asian region, owing to its geographical porosity and socioeconomic condition, has pledged to join the fight not only by ratifying the Palermo Protocol in 2011 but also brought forth its enabling legislation, the Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Protection, and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018. With existing legislation already in vogue, the latest iteration merely appears to add to the entire cacophony, without addressing the core issues. The present paper analyzes the proposed legislation in the light of international standards and argues that the legislation emphasizes criminalization over a human rights perspective.
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