ABSTRACT Towns on the periphery of metropolitan areas face threats from metropolitan growth and t... more ABSTRACT Towns on the periphery of metropolitan areas face threats from metropolitan growth and the rise of Internet retail. They may be able to play new roles in the regional economy, e.g. as locations for tele-commuting, small-scale manufacturing, artisanal work, or residential development, but such new functions may threaten their historic fabric. This paper describes challenges historic downtowns in the metropolitan periphery perceive and their efforts to address them, as revealed through a national survey. Some towns are receiving new economic activities, but only a small number of their surrounding regions appear to support both the economic vitality and historic physical fabric of these centres.
Recognizing the challenges and shortcomings of community-based development to date, funders are i... more Recognizing the challenges and shortcomings of community-based development to date, funders are increasingly requiring communities to target revitalization resources to achieve greater impact. Studies of one type of targeting approach—efficiency-based strategic geographic targeting—have demonstrated that it can restabilize a neighborhood's housing market, making it possible to remove revitalization resources and direct them to other neighborhoods. However, communities are still reluctant to use this approach. Analysis of several case studies of efficiency-based targeting efforts reveals the barriers to political stakeholder alignment around this type of resource targeting and suggests technical program features that may create the basis for stakeholder alignment. Using these findings, we propose a prescriptive model of efficiency-based strategic geographic targeting that funders might use to encourage this fusion of technical and political rationality.
Local governments are increasingly forging creative alliances to solve community problems and pro... more Local governments are increasingly forging creative alliances to solve community problems and provide local services. The literature recognizes cultural institutions as partners for local community development, yet these alliances remain underutilized. This article identifies the contributions that local government partnerships with cultural institutions—specifically public gardens—make to community development through their services, presence, and location in urban America. Using data from a national survey and 96 expert interviews of public garden and government officials, we explain why these alliances are forming, document their potential to improve communities, and suggest steps that local governments might take to benefit from this vital partner. Results expand our understanding of how nontraditional community development partners can provide resources to local governments to address urban challenges.
Since the mid-1970's, Quality of Working Life programs (QWL) have been initiated in several munic... more Since the mid-1970's, Quality of Working Life programs (QWL) have been initiated in several municipalities and other public sector organizations across the United States. Although the number of such efforts is increasing, it is not clear that they will become permanent features of workplace governance systems. their many contributions to this project. Martin Rein provided helpful guidance throughout the process, and Gary Marx cooperated in supervising the thesis. Tom Kochan taught me much about QWL over the past three years and patiently prodded me to study the context for QWL, until I began to understand what that means. John Van Maanen showed me how to plan and conduct parts of the field research and provided detailed criticism and encouragement on every draft of the thesis. I am very grateful to the workers, managers, administrators, union officials and staff who participated in the Boston Labor-Management Cooperation Program. Through their willingness to share their work experiences, hopes and frustrations, they taught me much about life in complex organizations and about the difficulty of genuinely resolving human conflict. I am especially grateful to
In recent years, newspaper headlines and commentators have bemoaned a growing “urban– rural divid... more In recent years, newspaper headlines and commentators have bemoaned a growing “urban– rural divide,” characterized by stark differences in political and social attitudes that appear to be fueled, at least in part, by diverging economic fortunes. This special issue describes how state and local governments are working with businesses, foundations, and other stakeholders to address the economic challenges that are often associated with urban–rural disparity and seeking to create the conditions for shared regional prosperity across urban and rural communities. Although the concept of an urban–rural “divide” is an overstatement, it contains elements of truth. As The Atlantic reported shortly after the 2016 election:
Analysis of the responses of Bremen and Hampton Roads to cutbacks in military spending illustrate... more Analysis of the responses of Bremen and Hampton Roads to cutbacks in military spending illustrates how conversion planning—and economic development planning generally—are embedded within a sociopolitical context. This context is largely determined by the regions’ industrial structure, but it is strongly influenced by the structure and power of local government and the region’s social cohesion. National and international economic conversion policies should be flexible enough not only to rapidly respond to severe regional adjustment problems to maintain qualified technological and human potentials, but also to be useful to regions with diverse sociopolitical structures.
At various universities across the country, philosophers are organizing faculty development works... more At various universities across the country, philosophers are organizing faculty development workshops for non-philosophy faculty members who want to incorporate critical thinking about ethical and social justice issues into their courses. The demand for such programs is reasonably
' This essay reviews recent evaluations of three of the most widely used state and local economic... more ' This essay reviews recent evaluations of three of the most widely used state and local economic development strategies-traditio,ial business recruitment, enterprise zones, and high-technology development. The studies do not succeed in their efforts to produce broadly generalizable findings that provide clear guidance to state and local policymakers and practitioners. Rather; they show that local conditions are responsible for the success orfailure and level of net community benefits to be derived from any approach. Under the right conditions, each of the approaches described here might be appropriate.
Journal of The American Planning Association, Dec 31, 2006
This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
The authors are very grateful to the many people who assisted in the completion of this study. In... more The authors are very grateful to the many people who assisted in the completion of this study. In particular, we would like to thank Dan Tatar of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Greta Harris of the Richmond office of LISC, whose longstanding commitment to improving the effectiveness of community-based development led them to initiate this study. Without the financial support of the Richmond Federal Reserve Bank, this study would not have been conducted. In addition, Wendy Hirsch of LISC and David Sacks of the City of Richmond's Department of Community Development gave generously of their time, retrieving, organizing and helping to interpret the data necessary for this study and patiently helping the authors understand how the city and LISC's investment processes work. We are also grateful to Frances Stanley of the Federal Reserve Bank, who helped to organize the data and who created all of the maps used in this report. Also, we would like to thank Cecilia Bingenheimer, Jennie Blizzard, Larry Cain, Cindy Elmore, Elaine Mandaleris and Jennifer Sparger for their assistance with editing and graphics. We are also very grateful to the people-real-estate developers and appraisers, lenders, public officials, nonprofit community development corporation staff and advocacy group representatives, as well as the neighborhood residents-who gave
The authors are very grateful to the many people who assisted in the completion of this study. In... more The authors are very grateful to the many people who assisted in the completion of this study. In particular, we would like to thank Dan Tatar of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Greta Harris of the Richmond office of LISC, whose longstanding commitment to improving the effectiveness of community-based development led them to initiate this study. Without the financial support of the Richmond Federal Reserve Bank, this study would not have been conducted. In addition, Wendy Hirsch of LISC and David Sacks of the City of Richmond's Department of Community Development gave generously of their time, retrieving, organizing and helping to interpret the data necessary for this study and patiently helping the authors understand how the city and LISC's investment processes work. We are also grateful to Frances Stanley of the Federal Reserve Bank, who helped to organize the data and who created all of the maps used in this report. Also, we would like to thank Cecilia Bingenheimer, Jennie Blizzard, Larry Cain, Cindy Elmore, Elaine Mandaleris and Jennifer Sparger for their assistance with editing and graphics. We are also very grateful to the people-real-estate developers and appraisers, lenders, public officials, nonprofit community development corporation staff and advocacy group representatives, as well as the neighborhood residents-who gave
With distressing regularity we are reminded that the engine that drives our economy can malfuncti... more With distressing regularity we are reminded that the engine that drives our economy can malfunction. "The United States in the Global Economy" sets out to explore the factors that help explain how the emerging global economy affects domestic economic health and defines a number of policy choices available to the US as it attempts to cope with a rapidly changing world. Accordino provides the data to indicate the eclipse of US hegemony in basic manufacturing. His approach to solutions is through the presentation of policy alternatives. His examination of economic, industrial, and trade policies follows three paths: conservative, liberal and radical. The leading proponents of each approach are given their say, and readers are given the means to evaluate their views. Each of the seven chapters includes an extensive annotated bibliography of particularly useful sources grouped by issues and school of thought. An appendix contains a broader based list for further investigation.
Back to Previous Page Readers of this newsletter are well aware that, in its ambivalent and ultim... more Back to Previous Page Readers of this newsletter are well aware that, in its ambivalent and ultimately reactionary response to the end of the Cold War, the United States has blown a golden opportunity to reshape the international security system and to restructure its own economy toward more peaceful purposes. For despite the significant U.S. defense spending cutbacks that occurred from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s, military spending remains stuck at over 85 percent of average annual Cold War spending. And there is no sign that Congress or the president is ready to cut spending to peacetime levels. How did this happen? A large part of the answer, of course, can be laid at the foot of the so-called Iran Triangle of the Pentagon, defense contractors and Congress, which kept U.S. military strategy rooted in Cold War thinking, which ensured that military spending would not fall far below the Cold War average, and which encouraged large contractors to avoid conversion to civilian production. The research of Ann Markusen, Greg Bischak, Lloyd Dumas, Michael Oden and others has documented this quite thoroughly.
ABSTRACT Towns on the periphery of metropolitan areas face threats from metropolitan growth and t... more ABSTRACT Towns on the periphery of metropolitan areas face threats from metropolitan growth and the rise of Internet retail. They may be able to play new roles in the regional economy, e.g. as locations for tele-commuting, small-scale manufacturing, artisanal work, or residential development, but such new functions may threaten their historic fabric. This paper describes challenges historic downtowns in the metropolitan periphery perceive and their efforts to address them, as revealed through a national survey. Some towns are receiving new economic activities, but only a small number of their surrounding regions appear to support both the economic vitality and historic physical fabric of these centres.
Recognizing the challenges and shortcomings of community-based development to date, funders are i... more Recognizing the challenges and shortcomings of community-based development to date, funders are increasingly requiring communities to target revitalization resources to achieve greater impact. Studies of one type of targeting approach—efficiency-based strategic geographic targeting—have demonstrated that it can restabilize a neighborhood's housing market, making it possible to remove revitalization resources and direct them to other neighborhoods. However, communities are still reluctant to use this approach. Analysis of several case studies of efficiency-based targeting efforts reveals the barriers to political stakeholder alignment around this type of resource targeting and suggests technical program features that may create the basis for stakeholder alignment. Using these findings, we propose a prescriptive model of efficiency-based strategic geographic targeting that funders might use to encourage this fusion of technical and political rationality.
Local governments are increasingly forging creative alliances to solve community problems and pro... more Local governments are increasingly forging creative alliances to solve community problems and provide local services. The literature recognizes cultural institutions as partners for local community development, yet these alliances remain underutilized. This article identifies the contributions that local government partnerships with cultural institutions—specifically public gardens—make to community development through their services, presence, and location in urban America. Using data from a national survey and 96 expert interviews of public garden and government officials, we explain why these alliances are forming, document their potential to improve communities, and suggest steps that local governments might take to benefit from this vital partner. Results expand our understanding of how nontraditional community development partners can provide resources to local governments to address urban challenges.
Since the mid-1970's, Quality of Working Life programs (QWL) have been initiated in several munic... more Since the mid-1970's, Quality of Working Life programs (QWL) have been initiated in several municipalities and other public sector organizations across the United States. Although the number of such efforts is increasing, it is not clear that they will become permanent features of workplace governance systems. their many contributions to this project. Martin Rein provided helpful guidance throughout the process, and Gary Marx cooperated in supervising the thesis. Tom Kochan taught me much about QWL over the past three years and patiently prodded me to study the context for QWL, until I began to understand what that means. John Van Maanen showed me how to plan and conduct parts of the field research and provided detailed criticism and encouragement on every draft of the thesis. I am very grateful to the workers, managers, administrators, union officials and staff who participated in the Boston Labor-Management Cooperation Program. Through their willingness to share their work experiences, hopes and frustrations, they taught me much about life in complex organizations and about the difficulty of genuinely resolving human conflict. I am especially grateful to
In recent years, newspaper headlines and commentators have bemoaned a growing “urban– rural divid... more In recent years, newspaper headlines and commentators have bemoaned a growing “urban– rural divide,” characterized by stark differences in political and social attitudes that appear to be fueled, at least in part, by diverging economic fortunes. This special issue describes how state and local governments are working with businesses, foundations, and other stakeholders to address the economic challenges that are often associated with urban–rural disparity and seeking to create the conditions for shared regional prosperity across urban and rural communities. Although the concept of an urban–rural “divide” is an overstatement, it contains elements of truth. As The Atlantic reported shortly after the 2016 election:
Analysis of the responses of Bremen and Hampton Roads to cutbacks in military spending illustrate... more Analysis of the responses of Bremen and Hampton Roads to cutbacks in military spending illustrates how conversion planning—and economic development planning generally—are embedded within a sociopolitical context. This context is largely determined by the regions’ industrial structure, but it is strongly influenced by the structure and power of local government and the region’s social cohesion. National and international economic conversion policies should be flexible enough not only to rapidly respond to severe regional adjustment problems to maintain qualified technological and human potentials, but also to be useful to regions with diverse sociopolitical structures.
At various universities across the country, philosophers are organizing faculty development works... more At various universities across the country, philosophers are organizing faculty development workshops for non-philosophy faculty members who want to incorporate critical thinking about ethical and social justice issues into their courses. The demand for such programs is reasonably
' This essay reviews recent evaluations of three of the most widely used state and local economic... more ' This essay reviews recent evaluations of three of the most widely used state and local economic development strategies-traditio,ial business recruitment, enterprise zones, and high-technology development. The studies do not succeed in their efforts to produce broadly generalizable findings that provide clear guidance to state and local policymakers and practitioners. Rather; they show that local conditions are responsible for the success orfailure and level of net community benefits to be derived from any approach. Under the right conditions, each of the approaches described here might be appropriate.
Journal of The American Planning Association, Dec 31, 2006
This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or s... more This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
The authors are very grateful to the many people who assisted in the completion of this study. In... more The authors are very grateful to the many people who assisted in the completion of this study. In particular, we would like to thank Dan Tatar of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Greta Harris of the Richmond office of LISC, whose longstanding commitment to improving the effectiveness of community-based development led them to initiate this study. Without the financial support of the Richmond Federal Reserve Bank, this study would not have been conducted. In addition, Wendy Hirsch of LISC and David Sacks of the City of Richmond's Department of Community Development gave generously of their time, retrieving, organizing and helping to interpret the data necessary for this study and patiently helping the authors understand how the city and LISC's investment processes work. We are also grateful to Frances Stanley of the Federal Reserve Bank, who helped to organize the data and who created all of the maps used in this report. Also, we would like to thank Cecilia Bingenheimer, Jennie Blizzard, Larry Cain, Cindy Elmore, Elaine Mandaleris and Jennifer Sparger for their assistance with editing and graphics. We are also very grateful to the people-real-estate developers and appraisers, lenders, public officials, nonprofit community development corporation staff and advocacy group representatives, as well as the neighborhood residents-who gave
The authors are very grateful to the many people who assisted in the completion of this study. In... more The authors are very grateful to the many people who assisted in the completion of this study. In particular, we would like to thank Dan Tatar of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond and Greta Harris of the Richmond office of LISC, whose longstanding commitment to improving the effectiveness of community-based development led them to initiate this study. Without the financial support of the Richmond Federal Reserve Bank, this study would not have been conducted. In addition, Wendy Hirsch of LISC and David Sacks of the City of Richmond's Department of Community Development gave generously of their time, retrieving, organizing and helping to interpret the data necessary for this study and patiently helping the authors understand how the city and LISC's investment processes work. We are also grateful to Frances Stanley of the Federal Reserve Bank, who helped to organize the data and who created all of the maps used in this report. Also, we would like to thank Cecilia Bingenheimer, Jennie Blizzard, Larry Cain, Cindy Elmore, Elaine Mandaleris and Jennifer Sparger for their assistance with editing and graphics. We are also very grateful to the people-real-estate developers and appraisers, lenders, public officials, nonprofit community development corporation staff and advocacy group representatives, as well as the neighborhood residents-who gave
With distressing regularity we are reminded that the engine that drives our economy can malfuncti... more With distressing regularity we are reminded that the engine that drives our economy can malfunction. "The United States in the Global Economy" sets out to explore the factors that help explain how the emerging global economy affects domestic economic health and defines a number of policy choices available to the US as it attempts to cope with a rapidly changing world. Accordino provides the data to indicate the eclipse of US hegemony in basic manufacturing. His approach to solutions is through the presentation of policy alternatives. His examination of economic, industrial, and trade policies follows three paths: conservative, liberal and radical. The leading proponents of each approach are given their say, and readers are given the means to evaluate their views. Each of the seven chapters includes an extensive annotated bibliography of particularly useful sources grouped by issues and school of thought. An appendix contains a broader based list for further investigation.
Back to Previous Page Readers of this newsletter are well aware that, in its ambivalent and ultim... more Back to Previous Page Readers of this newsletter are well aware that, in its ambivalent and ultimately reactionary response to the end of the Cold War, the United States has blown a golden opportunity to reshape the international security system and to restructure its own economy toward more peaceful purposes. For despite the significant U.S. defense spending cutbacks that occurred from the late 1980s through the mid-1990s, military spending remains stuck at over 85 percent of average annual Cold War spending. And there is no sign that Congress or the president is ready to cut spending to peacetime levels. How did this happen? A large part of the answer, of course, can be laid at the foot of the so-called Iran Triangle of the Pentagon, defense contractors and Congress, which kept U.S. military strategy rooted in Cold War thinking, which ensured that military spending would not fall far below the Cold War average, and which encouraged large contractors to avoid conversion to civilian production. The research of Ann Markusen, Greg Bischak, Lloyd Dumas, Michael Oden and others has documented this quite thoroughly.
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