Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, Dec 4, 2015
A FRAMEWORK OF SPERM ECOLOGY The sperm phenotype Male nuclear genetic effects on the sperm phenot... more A FRAMEWORK OF SPERM ECOLOGY The sperm phenotype Male nuclear genetic effects on the sperm phenotype Male mitochondrial effects on the sperm phenotype Environmental effects on the sperm phenotype Introducing the research field of sperm ecology CHARACTERIZATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION ON THE SPERM PHENOTYPE Many environmental factors affect sperm function The literature on E effects on the sperm phenotype is large and largely neglected by ecology and evolution research Magnitude and shape environmental effects on the sperm phenotype Phenotypic plasticity in sperm function The relative size of G, mt and E effects on the sperm phenotype CONSEQUENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON THE SPERM PHENOTYPE Reduced significance and hampered predictability of sperm competition Sperm function may determine species ranges Intra-ejaculate heterogeneity The Brynhild effect Sperm viability is not a good fitness indicator Variance effects in numerical sperm competition Mean ejaculate traits may be non-informative Trade-offs in sperm function can hamper comparability Adaptive habitat choice Selection for sperm niches Selection may be directed against E, not G components of the sperm phenotype NATURAL SELECTION AND DIVERSIFICATION IN THE SPERM PHENOTYPE A model for phenotypic sperm evolution Genotype-by-environment interaction effects on the sperm phenotype
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