Papers by Hamid Reza Jamshidi
International Journal of Medical Laboratory, 2021
Background and Aims: Long-term surge of heart loads causes cell hypertrophy. Left ventricular hyp... more Background and Aims: Long-term surge of heart loads causes cell hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive response of the heart to pathological stimuli such as hypertension. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members play an essential role in this process regulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of thymol on the transcription level of Bcl-2 family factors in the rat model of left ventricular hypertrophy. Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1- Control 2-Untreated hypertrophy (H), 3 and 4 groups which received 25 and 50 mg/kg/day of thymol (H + Tym25 and H + Tym50 groups, respectively). Hypertrophy was induced by abdominal aortic banding, and the real time polymerase chain reaction technique was used for gene expression. Results: Data showed that in the H group, the mRNA level of the BAD was increased significantly (p ˂ 0.001). However, the transcription level of BAX was increased in the H and H+Tym25 compared with the control...
International Journal of Medical Laboratory, 2021
Background and Aims: Hepatotoxicity induced by Co-amoxiclav has been indicated in multiple studie... more Background and Aims: Hepatotoxicity induced by Co-amoxiclav has been indicated in multiple studies. Thymol is the main constituent of the Thymus vulgaris essential oil that has antioxidant properties. Even though thymol can exhibit antioxidant activity in vivo models, there is a lack of evidence about the thymol’s effectiveness in drug-induced liver injury. Thus, the present study was conducted to explore the thymol anti-hepatotoxic effects. Materials and Methods: Thirty male rats were randomly divided into five groups of six. The control group received corn oil (0.25 ml/100 g body weight). CoA group was given only co-amoxiclav in doses of 10 mg/kg daily by gastric tube. CoA+T50, CoA+T150, and CoA+T300 groups orally received Co-amoxiclav at the same dose as the second group along with thymol at a daily dose of 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. At the termination of the treatment, all animals fasted overnight, and then blood samples were collected to determine alanine tr...
Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 2018
Background and Objectives: Diabetes, a common metabolic disorder, is prevalent in many countries.... more Background and Objectives: Diabetes, a common metabolic disorder, is prevalent in many countries. Nephropathy is a main debate’s side effect. Role of oxidative stress is well known in induction of diabetic nephropathy while carvacrol is a potent anti-oxidant that might attenuate oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of carvacrol in decreasing nephropathy-induced oxidative damage in diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty five Wistar rats (200-250 g) were divided to 7 groups. The rats received alloxan (i.p., 200 mg/kg) for induction of diabetes. After one week, fasting blood sugar (FBS) was assessed and the rats with FBS>250 mg/dL were considered as diabetic. Three weeks after alloxan injection, the blood urea (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were determined for confirmation of inducing nephropathy. Then, the animals were treated with carvacrol for one week. Finally, they were anesthetized and blood was collected from animal’s heart for calculation of BUN and Cr. Furth...
Toxicology Letters, 2017
If a registrant is required to perform an OECD 443 study, but has already performed an OECD 421 o... more If a registrant is required to perform an OECD 443 study, but has already performed an OECD 421 or 422 Reproductive/Developmental Toxicity Screening test, an additional Dose Range Finding study may or may not be recommended & this will depend upon the design and outcome of the screening test, with recommendations bespoke for each chemical. The OECD443 study design may also influence the choice of strain of rat to be used. If the full study (including F1 Cohorts 1, 2 and 3) is required a strain of rat with a large litter size and consistent sex ratio is advised. A standard ECHA study design (F1 Cohort 1 only) could utilise a wider range of commonly used rat strains, including those that elicit a smaller litter size or more variable sex ratio. Since some of the ages at which evaluations are required on the OECD 443 study are different to those on routine reproductive toxicology studies, it is vital that investigations are adequately supported by Historical Control Data. Envigo will perform an historical control data study in both Sprague Dawley & Han Wistar rats to ensure adequate support.
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2006
Background and objectives: Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. is an essential oil bearing plant used i... more Background and objectives: Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. is an essential oil bearing plant used in traditional medicine of Iran for the treatment of inflammatory disease and pain, anxiety, sadness and also for the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms. Its pharmaceutical product is presently used in Iran for the treatment of depression disorders. Since colitis is a brain-gut interactive disorder, the authors were prompted to investigate the preventive effect of P. graveolens essential oil product (Deproherb ®) to control the induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats. Methods: Experimentally ulcerative colitis was induced by acetic acid in animals pretreated with three different doses of Deproherb ® (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for five consecutive days. Anti-inflammatory effects of Deproherb ® were compared with orally administrated sulfasalazine (4 mg/kg). Biochemical [Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity] and macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the colon was performed. Deproherb ® was also analyzed by GC and GC/MS in order to identify the potentially responsible compounds for observed property. Results: The obtained results indicated that the activity of MPO increased in acetic acid-treated groups, while it was recovered by pretreatment with Deproherb ® (100-400 mg/kg) and sulfasalazine. All doses of Deproherb ® and sulfasalazine-treated groups showed significant lower score values of macroscopic and microscopic characters when compared to the acetic acid-treated group. It was concluded that Deproherb ® inhibited the acetic acid toxic reactions in the rat bowel. Conclusions: The present study proved the anti-inflammatory potential of Deproherb ® Oral Drop, in the experimentally induced colitis. Proper clinical investigations are suggested to confirm the observed activities in human.
Bulletin of the World Health Organisation
To measure the socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in Iran (the Islamic Republic of Iran... more To measure the socioeconomic inequality in infant mortality in Iran (the Islamic Republic of Iran). We analysed data from the provincially representative Demographic and Health Survey, which was done in Iran in 2000. We used a dichotomous hierarchical ordered probit model to develop an indicator of socioeconomic status of households. We assessed the inequality in infant mortality by using the odds ratio of infant mortality between the lowest and highest socioeconomic quintiles at both the provincial and national levels, and the concentration index, an inequality measure based on the entire socioeconomic distribution. We found a decreasing trend in the infant mortality rate in relation to socioeconomic quintiles. The poorest to richest odds ratio was 2.34 (95% CI = 1.78-3.09). The concentration index of infant mortality in Iran was -0.1789 (95% CI = -0.2193--0.1386). Furthermore, the inequality of infant mortality between the lowest and highest quintiles was significant and favoured ...
Using drug sales data to evaluate the epidemiology of cardio-metabolic risk factors and their ine... more Using drug sales data to evaluate the epidemiology of cardio-metabolic risk factors and their inequality: an ecological study on atorvastatin and total cholesterol in Iran
Acta medica Iranica, 2004
In the present study, the effect of apamin (potassium channel blocker) on tolerance to cocaine-in... more In the present study, the effect of apamin (potassium channel blocker) on tolerance to cocaine-induced locomotor activity in mice has been investigated. Locomotor activity was measured by locomotor activity meter, Animax, type S (LKB, Farrad). Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of different doses of cocaine (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent locomotor activity in mice.Animals were treated with a dose of cocaine (60 mg/kg, IP) once daily, for 2, 3 or 4 days in order to produce tolerance to cocaine-induced locomotion. Twenty-four hours after the last dose of cocaine, locomotor activity induced by a test dose of cocaine (10 mg/kg) was assessed. Animals pretreated with apamin (0.1 mg/kg) 30 min before the test dose of cocaine had a decreased cocaine response. However, daily treatment of animals with apamin (0.1 mg/kg), 30 min after cocaine (60 mg/kg) for 3 days (during development of tolerance to cocaine-induced locomotion), did not alter the cocaine effect. Single administra...
Article history Received 2 June 2019 Accepted 31 Dec 2019 Available online 30 May 2020
ACTA MEDICA IRANICA
Hyperglycemia may associate with improper use of glucocorticoids, impaired insulin function, or b... more Hyperglycemia may associate with improper use of glucocorticoids, impaired insulin function, or both, and is associated with many complications such as hyperlipidemia and Hyperglycemia. Researches suggest that proper use of glucocorticoids can delay the onset and progression of complications of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In the present study, we compare two of these compounds on glucose and lipid profile level. We use 40 male Wistar rats from the Yazd Animal infertility center. Initially, the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, and then each group was divided into 4 groups. Subsequently, fludrocortisone doses of 12, 24 and 36 mg/kg were administered to rats, and dosages of 6, 12 and 18 mg/kg for betamethasone administered to rats on a daily basis at 1 o'clock for 21 days by intraperitoneal injection. Betamethasone and Fludrocortisone increased blood glucose and AST, ALT, TG, LDL, VLDL, and decreased HDL, causing red pigmentation in the skin, and obesity and puffines...
International Journal of Medical Laboratory
Background and Aims: Diabetes is one of the most important endocrine disrupters and is associated... more Background and Aims: Diabetes is one of the most important endocrine disrupters and is associated with various hormones, including those that can lead to diabetes. Glucocorticoid use may lead to insulin resistance. Dexamethasone is one of these glucocorticoid compounds. Glutamate dehydrogenase plays a key role in the production of glutamate in the secretion of insulin. Based on these hormonal interactions, the aim of this study was to determine the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and insulin secretion in dexamethasone-exposed mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty eight mice were divided into 4 experimental groups. Group 1 received standard normal saline as a control. Group 2 received standard food and received 1 mg / kg dexamethasone per day. Group 3 received standard diet and dexamethasone 3 mg / kg / day and group 4 with standard diet 5 mg / kg dexamethasone per day. After 21 days, the animals were killed, the pancreas and glutamate dehydrogenase, insulin, and serum glucose leve...
The Journal of Tolooebehdasht
Introduction: The main propose of this study was to determine the effect of parathion on activity... more Introduction: The main propose of this study was to determine the effect of parathion on activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) as a key enzyme in second phase secretion of insulin and to determine serum glucose levels in rats. Methods: To conduct the study, 35 rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7). The serum glucose level of each group was measured and the total average was calculated with a glucometer. The experimental groups (groups 1,2,3,4) received 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg of parathion pesticide via IP injection; whereas, the control group received no treatment. All rats were kept in similar condition. Serum glucose levels of rats were measured 24h after the final injection. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity in rat’s pancreas was measured by GDH activity assay kit and using a spectrophotometer at 570nm. Result: The levels of glucose in treatment groups significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0.01). The levels of GDH activity in rats inc...
Non-communicable diseases and their risk factors are leading causes of disease burden in Iran and... more Non-communicable diseases and their risk factors are leading causes of disease burden in Iran and other middle-income countries. Little evidence exists for whether the primary health-care system can effectively manage non-communicable diseases and risk factors at the population level. Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of the Iranian rural primary health-care system (the Behvarz system) in the management of diabetes and hypertension, and to assess whether the effects depend on the number of health-care workers in the community. We used individual-level data from the 2005 Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance Survey (NCDSS) for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), body-mass index, medication use, and sociodemographic variables. Data for Behvarz-worker and physician densities were from the 2006 Population and Housing Census and the 2005 Outpatient Care Centre Mapping Survey. We assessed the effectiveness of treatment on FPG and SBP, and associations between FPG or SBP and Behvarz-worker density with two statistical approaches: a mixed-effects regression analysis of the full NCDSS sample adjusting for individual-level and community-level covariates and an analysis that estimated average treatment effect on data balanced with propensity score matching. NCDSS had data for 65,619 individuals aged 25 years or older (11,686 of whom in rural areas); of these, 64,694 (11,521 in rural areas) had data for SBP and 50,202 (9337 in rural areas) had data for FPG. Nationally, 39·2% (95% CI 37·7 to 40·7) of individuals with diabetes and 35·7% (34·9 to 36·5) of those with hypertension received treatment, with higher treatment coverage in women than in men and in urban areas than in rural areas. Treatment lowered mean FPG by an estimated 1·34 mmol/L (0·58 to 2·10) in rural areas and 0·21 mmol/L (-0·15 to 0·56) in urban areas. Individuals in urban areas with hypertension who received treatment had 3·8 mm Hg (3·1 to 4·5) lower SBP than they would have had if they had not received treatment; the treatment effect was 2·5 mm Hg (1·1 to 3·9) lower FPG in rural areas. Each additional Behvarz worker per 1000 adults was associated with a 0·09 mmol/L (0·01 to 0·18) lower district-level average FPG (p=0·02); for SBP this effect was 0·53 mm Hg (-0·44 to 1·50; p=0·28). Our findings were not sensitive to the choice of statistical method. Primary care systems with trained community health-care workers and well established guidelines can be effective in non-communicable disease prevention and management. Iran&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s primary care system should expand the number and scope of its primary health-care worker programmes to also address blood pressure and to improve performance in areas with few primary care personnel. None.
Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2006
The effects of chlordiazepoxide, L-Arginine (nitric oxide precursor), L-NAME (nitric oxide synthe... more The effects of chlordiazepoxide, L-Arginine (nitric oxide precursor), L-NAME (nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor), and concurrent treatment of these drugs on concentration of salivary total protein, calcium, sodium, potassium concentrations, amylase activity, and flow rate in rats were studied. Total saliva was collected 2 hours postintraperitoneal administration of chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg), L-Arginine (250 mg/kg), and L-NAME (10 mg/kg) intraorally by polyethylene cannula from anaesthetized rats for 30 min using pilocarpine (6 mg/kg) as ...
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Jan 31, 2009
The main propose of the present study was to determine the effects of diazinon on the activity an... more The main propose of the present study was to determine the effects of diazinon on the activity and gene expression of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) as the key enzyme of Langerhans islet for secretion of insulin. Diazinon was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 15, 30, and 60mg/kg. Langerhans islets were isolated from the pancreas of rats by a standard collagenase digestion, separation by centrifugation, and hand-picking technique. The activity and gene expression of the mitochondrial GDH was determined in the islets ...
Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 2014
Herbal medicine and medical plants such as Ziziphus Jujuba are widely used in the treatment of di... more Herbal medicine and medical plants such as Ziziphus Jujuba are widely used in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes mellitus. We investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of Ziziphus Jujuba fruit on serum glucose, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, cholesterol and activities of aminotransferase enzymes in streptozocin-induced diabetic adult male rats . Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar rats were rendered hyperglycemic. Animals were divided into four equal groups (7 per group). Animals in all groups were treated for 14 days. Blood samples were collected from the heart of the animals. Results: Continuous supplementation of ethanol extract in drinkable water of diabetic rats resulted to a significant decrease of fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and increase in high density lipoprotein levels after 14 days (P 0.05). Conclusion: This paper discussed the antidiabetic effect of an alcoholic extract of Ziziphus Jujuba on streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats. Rese...
ACTA MEDICA IRANICA
Valproic acid is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant drug that is also useful for other diseases such... more Valproic acid is a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant drug that is also useful for other diseases such as bipolar disorder and migraines. The most important side effect of this drug is hepatotoxicity. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a role in the pathogenesis of liver toxicity of valproic acid. Mito-TEMPO is an antioxidant-based compound, which is selectively accumulated in mitochondria. The effects of its mitochondrial protection against oxidative damage in various pathologies, such as liver damage, have been observed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Mito-TEMPO on liver toxicity induced by sodium valproate in mice. Animals were divided into five groups and treated intraperitoneally over a 4-week period. Group 1 received normal saline, served as vehicle control, group 2 treated with 12.5 mg/kg of sodium valproate, group 3 was treated with 1 mg/kg of Mito-TEMPO, group 4 received both sodium valproate (12.5 mg/kg) and Mito-TEMPO (1 mg/kg),...
Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Mar 1, 2007
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology in... more Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the intestine with unknown etiology involving multiple immune, genetic and environmental factors. We were interested to examine the effect of total extract from Zataria multiflora Boiss, a folk medicinal plant on prevention and treatment of experimental IBD. Z. multiflora was administered (400, 600, 900 ppm) through drinking water to IBD mice induced by intrarectal administration of acetic acid. Prednisolone was used as the standard drug for comparison. Biochemical, macroscopic ...
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Papers by Hamid Reza Jamshidi