Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Sep 1, 1999
Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important ... more Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important in some vehicular control tasks. Recent research found that visual perception of egospeed is primarily based on global optical flow rate, which is directly related to the magnitude of both absolute and relative motion. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the magnitude of relative motion affects egospeed estimates independently of the magnitude of absolute motion. Observers estimated their perceived egospeed during simulations of flight over three parallel planes. We manipulated the degree of relative motion by varying the interplane distance, the spacing between the two outer planes and the center plane. The results indicate that relative motion affects perception of egospeed independently of absolute motion. Hence, it is important to consider the magnitude of relative motion when designing head-up displays that present optical flow to augment speed information available through the windscreen.
Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important ... more Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important in some vehicular control tasks. Recent research found that visual perception of egospeed is primarily based on global optical flow rate, which is directly related to the magnitude of both absolute and relative motion. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the magnitude of relative motion affects egospeed estimates independently of the magnitude of absolute motion. Observers estimated their perceived egospeed during simulations of flight over three parallel planes. We manipulated the degree of relative motion by varying the interplane distance, the spacing between the two outer planes and the center plane. The results indicate that relative motion affects perception of egospeed independently of absolute motion. Hence, it is important to consider the magnitude of relative motion when designing head-up displays that present optical flow to augment speed information avai...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Advances in information technology are allowing selective employees to work “anywhere” and at “an... more Advances in information technology are allowing selective employees to work “anywhere” and at “anytime.” The work location for some employees is changing from the traditional corporate office to a virtual work location, such as the home, hotel, airport, shared and satellite office, client office and the car. This trend toward “alternative work styles” and the distributed workforce is likely to continue. As these work styles and virtual workplaces continue to emerge, understanding and designing effective work systems using a macroergonomics perspective is essential to achieve the benefits of distributed work and telecommuting. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the major macroergonomics issues associated with telecommuting. First, we present the literature databases used for this paper, a macroergonomics perspective and model. Next, examples of telecommuting programs, including the organizational structure, implementation process and evaluation strategy are given. A review...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Safety symbols must be tested prior to use to ensure that they are adequately understood, as fail... more Safety symbols must be tested prior to use to ensure that they are adequately understood, as failures to communicate can result in injury or death. However, factors other than symbol quality influence assessed comprehension level: These include test method, scoring method, as well as availability of context. Open-ended and multiple-choice test methods are compared and contrasted on a number of dimensions including ease of construction, administration, and scoring. While use of an open-ended test procedure is generally recommended, it is proposed that a modified multiple-choice test, in which alternatives are assessed across multiple trials, is an attractive alternative.
Abstract: Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is ... more Abstract: Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important in some vehicular control tasks. Recent research found that visual perception of egospeed is primarily based on global optical flow rate, which is directly ...
Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2005
This study explored the potential uses of feedback systems in the trucking industry as a means of... more This study explored the potential uses of feedback systems in the trucking industry as a means of improving safety. Since truck drivers spend a majority of their working time alone and do not interact with peers, it may be possible to use data gathered by in-vehicle technology to provide feedback to drivers about their driving behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine truck driversÕ attitudes toward using in-vehicle technology to provide feedback for enhancing driving safety and to understand the best ways of providing feedback to truck drivers. Nine focus groups were conducted, with a total of 66 participants, to collect qualitative data on attitudes toward technology and feedback. The focus group results were used to develop a questionnaire. Survey data were then collected from 198 long-haul truck drivers to provide quantitative information. Truck drivers reported that they would like to receive more feedback and that positive feedback was preferred over negative feedback. Feedback from truck driversÕ supervisors or managers was more desired than feedback from technology. However, most drivers were willing to accept feedback by technology if the program was designed properly. The truck drivers expressed no strong preference regarding the best form of feedback by technology on driving performance (i.e., modality, frequency and timing). Therefore it is important for a program which uses technology for providing feedback to be adaptable to different driversÕ preferences.
Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2003
Behavior based safety approaches have proven effective in reducing accidents in industrial settin... more Behavior based safety approaches have proven effective in reducing accidents in industrial settings, but cannot easily be extended to commercial driving. For considerable periods of working time, truck drivers are alone, and do not interact with peers. It might be possible to use data gathered by new in-vehicle technology to provide real-time and post-shift feedback to drivers about their driving behavior. This paper reports the results of focus group interviews conducted with subject matter experts from the trucking industry (truck drivers, supervisors, managers, and other involved persons, such as insurance industry safety professionals). The focus groups discussed safety critical behaviors in commercial driving, the best way to provide feedback to truck drivers, and benefits of feedback by technology as well as concerns drivers and operators may have regarding monitoring and feedback systems. The focus group discussions showed that, in general, drivers would like to receive more feedback and that feedback by technology is acceptable, if designed and implemented properly. In addition, the participants had many suggestions on how to properly design and implement such systems.
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ... Annual Meeting, Sep 1, 1999
Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important ... more Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important in some vehicular control tasks. Recent research found that visual perception of egospeed is primarily based on global optical flow rate, which is directly related to the magnitude of both absolute and relative motion. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the magnitude of relative motion affects egospeed estimates independently of the magnitude of absolute motion. Observers estimated their perceived egospeed during simulations of flight over three parallel planes. We manipulated the degree of relative motion by varying the interplane distance, the spacing between the two outer planes and the center plane. The results indicate that relative motion affects perception of egospeed independently of absolute motion. Hence, it is important to consider the magnitude of relative motion when designing head-up displays that present optical flow to augment speed information available through the windscreen.
Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important ... more Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important in some vehicular control tasks. Recent research found that visual perception of egospeed is primarily based on global optical flow rate, which is directly related to the magnitude of both absolute and relative motion. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the magnitude of relative motion affects egospeed estimates independently of the magnitude of absolute motion. Observers estimated their perceived egospeed during simulations of flight over three parallel planes. We manipulated the degree of relative motion by varying the interplane distance, the spacing between the two outer planes and the center plane. The results indicate that relative motion affects perception of egospeed independently of absolute motion. Hence, it is important to consider the magnitude of relative motion when designing head-up displays that present optical flow to augment speed information avai...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Advances in information technology are allowing selective employees to work “anywhere” and at “an... more Advances in information technology are allowing selective employees to work “anywhere” and at “anytime.” The work location for some employees is changing from the traditional corporate office to a virtual work location, such as the home, hotel, airport, shared and satellite office, client office and the car. This trend toward “alternative work styles” and the distributed workforce is likely to continue. As these work styles and virtual workplaces continue to emerge, understanding and designing effective work systems using a macroergonomics perspective is essential to achieve the benefits of distributed work and telecommuting. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the major macroergonomics issues associated with telecommuting. First, we present the literature databases used for this paper, a macroergonomics perspective and model. Next, examples of telecommuting programs, including the organizational structure, implementation process and evaluation strategy are given. A review...
Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting
Safety symbols must be tested prior to use to ensure that they are adequately understood, as fail... more Safety symbols must be tested prior to use to ensure that they are adequately understood, as failures to communicate can result in injury or death. However, factors other than symbol quality influence assessed comprehension level: These include test method, scoring method, as well as availability of context. Open-ended and multiple-choice test methods are compared and contrasted on a number of dimensions including ease of construction, administration, and scoring. While use of an open-ended test procedure is generally recommended, it is proposed that a modified multiple-choice test, in which alternatives are assessed across multiple trials, is an attractive alternative.
Abstract: Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is ... more Abstract: Perceiving the speed of self-motion or egospeed directly from the view out a window is important in some vehicular control tasks. Recent research found that visual perception of egospeed is primarily based on global optical flow rate, which is directly ...
Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2005
This study explored the potential uses of feedback systems in the trucking industry as a means of... more This study explored the potential uses of feedback systems in the trucking industry as a means of improving safety. Since truck drivers spend a majority of their working time alone and do not interact with peers, it may be possible to use data gathered by in-vehicle technology to provide feedback to drivers about their driving behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine truck driversÕ attitudes toward using in-vehicle technology to provide feedback for enhancing driving safety and to understand the best ways of providing feedback to truck drivers. Nine focus groups were conducted, with a total of 66 participants, to collect qualitative data on attitudes toward technology and feedback. The focus group results were used to develop a questionnaire. Survey data were then collected from 198 long-haul truck drivers to provide quantitative information. Truck drivers reported that they would like to receive more feedback and that positive feedback was preferred over negative feedback. Feedback from truck driversÕ supervisors or managers was more desired than feedback from technology. However, most drivers were willing to accept feedback by technology if the program was designed properly. The truck drivers expressed no strong preference regarding the best form of feedback by technology on driving performance (i.e., modality, frequency and timing). Therefore it is important for a program which uses technology for providing feedback to be adaptable to different driversÕ preferences.
Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2003
Behavior based safety approaches have proven effective in reducing accidents in industrial settin... more Behavior based safety approaches have proven effective in reducing accidents in industrial settings, but cannot easily be extended to commercial driving. For considerable periods of working time, truck drivers are alone, and do not interact with peers. It might be possible to use data gathered by new in-vehicle technology to provide real-time and post-shift feedback to drivers about their driving behavior. This paper reports the results of focus group interviews conducted with subject matter experts from the trucking industry (truck drivers, supervisors, managers, and other involved persons, such as insurance industry safety professionals). The focus groups discussed safety critical behaviors in commercial driving, the best way to provide feedback to truck drivers, and benefits of feedback by technology as well as concerns drivers and operators may have regarding monitoring and feedback systems. The focus group discussions showed that, in general, drivers would like to receive more feedback and that feedback by technology is acceptable, if designed and implemented properly. In addition, the participants had many suggestions on how to properly design and implement such systems.
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Papers by Jamie McDevitt