Abstract A matrix inequality in terms of the row sums of a matrix has been applied to the configu... more Abstract A matrix inequality in terms of the row sums of a matrix has been applied to the configurational design of a flotation network. Each row sum refers to a given cell in the network. Each row sum is a function of circuit connections and cell operating conditions. By varying the row sums, variable upper and lower bounds for the mass flows in a network may be obtained. The total recovery is “quasi” monotonic with the row sums. The mass balance matrix equations result in coefficient M -matrices which consequently are regular and have non-negative inverses. These properties are used in the construction of the upper and lower bounds. The “quasi” monotonic property may be applied to the design and eventual optimisation of networks. The method has been applied to standard type circuits.
The capabilities of a versatile rocket engine facility, located in the Rocket Laboratory at the N... more The capabilities of a versatile rocket engine facility, located in the Rocket Laboratory at the NASA Lewis Research Center, are presented. The gaseous hydrogen/oxygen facility can be used for thermal shock and hot gas testing of materials and structures as well as rocket propulsion testing. Testing over a wide range of operating conditions in both fuel and oxygen rich regimes can beconducted, with cooledoruncooled test specimens. The size and location of the test cell provide the ability to conduct large amounts of testing in short time periods with rapid turnaround between programs. Hot gas testing; Thermal shock testing A02 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
We present contemporaneous X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of ... more We present contemporaneous X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of the black hole binary system, A0620-00, acquired in 2010 March. Using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, we have obtained the first FUV spectrum of A0620-00, as well as NUV observations with STIS. The observed spectrum is flat in the FUV and very faint (with continuum fluxes ≃ 1e − 17 ergs cm −2 s −1Å−1). The UV spectra also show strong, broad (FWHM∼2000 km s −1) emission lines of Si IV, C IV, He II, Fe II, and Mg II. The C IV doublet is anomalously weak compared to the other lines, which is consistent with the low carbon abundance seen in NIR spectra of the source. Comparison of these observations with previous NUV spectra of A0620-00 show that the UV flux has varied by factors of 2-8 over several years. We compiled the dereddened, broadband spectral energy distribution of A0620-00 and compared it to previous SEDs as well as theoretical models. The SEDs show that the source varies at all wavelengths for which we have multiple samples. Contrary to previous observations, the optical-UV spectrum does not continue to drop to shorter wavelengths, but instead shows a recovery and an increasingly blue spectrum in the FUV. We created an optical-UV spectrum of A0620-00 with the donor star contribution removed. The non-stellar spectrum peaks at ≃3000Å. The peak can be fit with a T=10,000 K blackbody with a small emitting area, probably originating in the hot spot where the accretion
Using the new Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we obtained ... more Using the new Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we obtained moderate-resolution, high signal/noise ultraviolet spectra of HD 209458 and its exoplanet HD 209458b during transit, both orbital quadratures, and secondary eclipse. We compare transit spectra with spectra obtained at non-transit phases to identify spectral features due to the exoplanet's expanding atmosphere. We find that the mean flux decreased by 7.8 ± 1.3% for the C II 1334.5323Å and 1335.6854Å lines and by 8.2 ± 1.4% for the Si III 1206.500Å line during transit compared to non-transit times in the velocity interval-50 to +50 km s −1. Comparison of the C II and Si III line depths and transit/nontransit line ratios shows deeper absorption features near-10 and +15 km s −1 and less certain features near-40 and +30-70 km s −1 , but future observations are needed to verify this first detection of velocity structure in the expanding atmosphere of an exoplanet. Our results for the C II lines and the non-detection of Si IV 1394.76Å absorption are in agreement with Vidal-Madjar et al. (2004), but we find absorption during transit in the Si III line contrary to the earlier result. The 8 ± 1% obscuration of the star during transit is far larger than the 1.5% obscuration by the exoplanet's disk. Absorption during transit at velocities between-50 and +50 km s −1 in the C II and Si III lines requires high-velocity ion absorbers. Assuming hydrodynamic model values for the gas temperature and outflow velocity at the limb of the outflow as seen in the C II lines, we find mass-loss rates in the range (8-40)×10 10 g s −1. These rates assume that the carbon abundance is solar, which is not the case for the giant planets in the solar system. Our mass-loss rate estimate is consistent with theoretical hydrodynamic models that include metals in the outflowing gas.
The Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) of late-type galaxies is characterized using UV spectroscopy of 1... more The Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) of late-type galaxies is characterized using UV spectroscopy of 11 targeted QSO/galaxy pairs at z ≤ 0.02 with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and ∼ 60 serendipitous absorber/galaxy pairs at z ≤ 0.2 with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. CGM warm cloud properties are derived, including volume filling factors of 3-5%, cloud sizes of 0.1-30 kpc, masses of 10-10 8 M ⊙ and metallicities of ∼ 0.1-1 Z ⊙. Almost all warm CGM clouds within 0.5 R vir are metal-bearing and many have velocities consistent with being bound, "galactic fountain" clouds. For galaxies with L 0.1 L * , the total mass in these warm CGM clouds approaches 10 10 M ⊙ , ∼ 10-15% of the total baryons in massive spirals and comparable to the baryons in their parent galaxy disks. This leaves 50% of massive spiral-galaxy baryons "missing". Dwarfs (< 0.1 L *) have smaller area covering factors and warm CGM masses (≤ 5% baryon fraction), suggesting that many of their warm clouds escape. Constant warm cloud internal pressures as a function of impact parameter (P/k ∼ 10 cm −3 K) support the inference that previous COS detections of broad, shallow O VI and Lyα absorptions are of an extensive (∼ 400-600 kpc), hot (T ≈ 10 6 K) intra-cloud gas which is very massive (≥ 10 11 M ⊙). While the warm CGM clouds cannot account for all the "missing baryons" in spirals, the hot intra-group gas can, and could account for ∼ 20% of the cosmic baryon census at z ∼ 0 if this hot gas is ubiquitous among spiral groups.
Alumina catalyzes the Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with optically active menthyl acry... more Alumina catalyzes the Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with optically active menthyl acrylate and dimenthyl fumarate. Significant diastereoselectivity is observed in each case. INTRODUCITON The Diels-Alder reaction, or 4 t 2 cycloaddition reaction, continues to attract a great deal of attention because of its importance in the theory of organic reactions' and organic synthesis.' The reaction is perhaps the best method for the creation of six-membered rings and up to four new stereogenic centers are formed stereospecifically. With appropriate reactants, high regio-and endo-exo selectivity is observed. When the reaction is run in the presence of Lewis acids, the reaction rate is increased3 and endo-exo selectivity is enhanced significantly (eq.
We consider the problem of deciding which of a set of p independent variables x1 X2J xs we are to... more We consider the problem of deciding which of a set of p independent variables x1 X2J xs we are to regard as being functionally involved in the mean of a dependent normal random variable Y and estimating E( Y) in terms of the chosen x&#39;s. This mean is an unknown function (assumed to be doubly differentiable) of some or all
A sample of 20 star-forming galaxies will be observed with COS G130M. The galaxies were selected ... more A sample of 20 star-forming galaxies will be observed with COS G130M. The galaxies were selected from the Kitt Peak International Spectroscopic Survey {KISSR} data release and cover a broad range of luminosity, oxygen abundance, and reddening. The goal of the program is to characterize the Lyman-alpha properties and establish correlations with fundamental galaxy properties. Each galaxy will be observed for one orbit.;
The atmosphere and corona of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io emit light at a wide variety of wave... more The atmosphere and corona of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io emit light at a wide variety of wavelengths, from FUV neutral O and S lines to SO emission at 1.7 microns. These emissions provide important constraints on the distribution and chemistry of Io's atmosphere, and Io's interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere. The neutral O and S FUV emissions, shortward of 2000?, have been imaged extensively by HST/STIS and visible emissions {from neutral Na, K and O line emission, and SO2 continuum emission} have been imaged by the Galileo, Cassini, and New Horizons spacecraft, but the spatial distribution of emissions in the 2000-3000? region, thought to be dominated by SO2 electron impact continuum emission, has not yet been determined. Earlier long-slit observations with STIS indicated strong concentration of 2800? emission over the active volcano Prometheus {Jessup et al. 2004}, suggesting local volcanic control, but Cassini images suggest that the SO2 continuum seen at longe...
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2006
Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) can be difficult to diagnose in toddlers. This study compared d... more Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) can be difficult to diagnose in toddlers. This study compared diagnostic measures (ADOS-G, ADI-R, CARS, and clinical judgment using DSM-IV criteria) applied to toddlers. Results indicated that the ADOS-G, CARS, and clinical judgment agreed with each other but not with the ADI-R. Many of the children classified with ASD by the other measures were not classified with autism by the ADI-R because they did not display enough repetitive behaviors and stereotyped interests. These results indicate that young children with ASD may not display repetitive behaviors and stereotyped interests, and for toddlers, the ADI-R would have a higher sensitivity if revised to include a diagnosis of PDD-NOS, for which the requirement of repetitive behaviors is less stringent.
To evaluate restorative resection rate for rectal cancer in a District General Hospital Colorecta... more To evaluate restorative resection rate for rectal cancer in a District General Hospital Colorectal Unit. Method: 78 patients underwent curative resection for rectal cancer from May 2007 to Oct 2010. A retrospective case-note analysis was undertaken. Results: Fifty five (70.51%) patients (35M, 20F) had anterior resection of which 24(30.76%) patients underwent low anterior resection. Twenty three (29.48%) patients (14M, 9F) had APE. Median age of patients was 70years.Median tumour height from anal verge at rigid sigmoidoscopy was measured at 6cm for low anterior resection and at 3cm for APE. The median SIMD (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation) rank for patients who underwent anterior resection was noted at 2842 as compared to 1917 for those who underwent APE (p ¼ 0.132). Conclusion: The rate of APE (abdomino-perineal excision) has been proposed as a quality indicator of rectal cancer services with a suggested maximum limit of < 30%. Consideration should be given to the prevalence of low rectal cancers in certain demographic areas. The deprivation index in the current cohort was not found to be significantly related to incidence of ultra-low rectal tumours. Permanent stoma rate may not be a true reflection of the quality surgical care for rectal cancer.
challenging, necessitating a multidisciplinary team approach. Integrated care pathways are in wid... more challenging, necessitating a multidisciplinary team approach. Integrated care pathways are in widespread use but had not been previously assessed in the authors' unit. Design: A scoring tool was developed to assess the standards of record keeping based on guidance in Good Surgical Practice, 2008. A retrospective assessment of 14 sets of case notes was conducted. The results were used to develop a daily record keeping proforma for the multidisciplinary team. Following implementation and re-audit, a two sample t-test was used to analyse the significance of the change in score. A questionnaire investigated the views of the MDT regarding record-keeping. Results: Mean scores increased from 22.2/50 to 42.7/50 (p<0.05) following the implementation of the tool. Of the nine members of the MDT questioned, all felt that head and neck record-keeping needed improving, primarily in MDT (9/9) and doctors' (7/9) record keeping. All felt that MDT and doctors' record-keeping, and inter-disciplinary communication, were improved by the tool. Conclusions: This record-keeping tool is an effective means of improving record-keeping standards and inter-disciplinary communication, with implications for clinical and medico-legal aspects of patient care.
Excessive intramedullary pressure coincident to surgical procedures requiring entrance and surgic... more Excessive intramedullary pressure coincident to surgical procedures requiring entrance and surgical manipulation within the intramedullary canal is a problem that was recognized by Gerhard Küntscher, the godfather of intramedullary nailing. He expressed concern about this phenomenon in his early writings during the 1940's. Although he suggested certain technical methods to moderate the event while doing the surgical procedure he had no solution for absolutely preventing its occurrence. This became more of an issue after he introduced motorized reaming in the mid 1950's to improve the strength of intramedullary fixation. The first to demonstrate that pressure could be avoided during intramedullary surgeries were Lorenzi, Olerud and Dankwardt-Lillieström in the late 1960's. Using a method that employed suction evacuation of intramedullary content prior to reaming, and by introducing irrigation while reaming, they were able to achieve negative pressures during their intramedullary work. They proved that if an IM technique did not inject fat throughout the bone and into the organism there were significant benefits both locally and systemically. With impeccable methodology, they showed fat destroyed the vascularity of the bone and inhibited its revascularization. Systemically, its presence was associated with death and morbidity. K.M. Stürmer, using sheep in studies done in the 1980's, further validated the effectiveness of negative pressure reaming to prevent adverse effects associated with reaming. The attempt to create a device to provide these benefits clinically, however, has been challenging. The group in Muenster did work with a rinsing-suction-reamer (RSR) that showed fat introduction with reaming need not be significantly greater than when using an external fixator. In the US, the effort has focused on developing a reamer that integrated suction and irrigation into its design. This instrument has been given the acronym of RIA (reamer/irrigator/aspirator). The rationale and development of this system is detailed in this paper. Now that the intramedullary canal can be reamed using a negative pressure method this domain, as a unique source of biological material, is being increasingly investigated. The cells and tissue harvested from this space have tremendous therapeutic promise.
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1979
In 1974 he joined the Computer Science Department at Michigan State University where he is curren... more In 1974 he joined the Computer Science Department at Michigan State University where he is currently an Associate Professor. His research interests are in the areas of pattern recognition and image processing. Dr. Jain is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery, the Pattern Recognition Society, and Sigma Xi.
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a member of a family of proteins that are involved in embryonic developme... more Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a member of a family of proteins that are involved in embryonic development. The receptor signaling pathways for Shh persist in adults and stimulation of this pathway has shown therapeutic efficacy in animal models of neurodegeneration/regeneration. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of repeat dose administration of an IgG fusion protein of Shh (Shh‐Ig) in adult mice. Routine toxicology evaluations were performed. In addition, body composition analysis was conducted by densitometry. Shh‐Ig treatment caused a significant increase in body weight gain relative to controls and a slight increase in liver and spleen weights. The increase in body weight could be largely accounted for by an increase in body fat. The treatment‐related increases in body weight were reversible upon cessation of treatment. Shh‐Ig treatment produced no significant changes in clinical chemistry or hematology. There were no gross or histomorphologic findings in any tissue excep...
ABSTRACT Chemical oscillations have been uncovered in the photo-mediated 4-aminophenol–bromate re... more ABSTRACT Chemical oscillations have been uncovered in the photo-mediated 4-aminophenol–bromate reaction. The presence of light is found essential both to the extent of the reaction and the oscillatory behavior, where turning-off (on) the light results in an immediate disappearance (revival) of the oscillation. The long induction time in this photochemical oscillator shows an exponential dependence on the light intensity. Phase diagrams show that illumination with intense light allows the otherwise non-oscillatory system to exhibit oscillations over broad 4-aminophenol, bromate and sulfuric acid concentrations. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves the production of N-bromo-1,4-benzoquinone-4-imine.
Abstract A matrix inequality in terms of the row sums of a matrix has been applied to the configu... more Abstract A matrix inequality in terms of the row sums of a matrix has been applied to the configurational design of a flotation network. Each row sum refers to a given cell in the network. Each row sum is a function of circuit connections and cell operating conditions. By varying the row sums, variable upper and lower bounds for the mass flows in a network may be obtained. The total recovery is “quasi” monotonic with the row sums. The mass balance matrix equations result in coefficient M -matrices which consequently are regular and have non-negative inverses. These properties are used in the construction of the upper and lower bounds. The “quasi” monotonic property may be applied to the design and eventual optimisation of networks. The method has been applied to standard type circuits.
The capabilities of a versatile rocket engine facility, located in the Rocket Laboratory at the N... more The capabilities of a versatile rocket engine facility, located in the Rocket Laboratory at the NASA Lewis Research Center, are presented. The gaseous hydrogen/oxygen facility can be used for thermal shock and hot gas testing of materials and structures as well as rocket propulsion testing. Testing over a wide range of operating conditions in both fuel and oxygen rich regimes can beconducted, with cooledoruncooled test specimens. The size and location of the test cell provide the ability to conduct large amounts of testing in short time periods with rapid turnaround between programs. Hot gas testing; Thermal shock testing A02 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT
We present contemporaneous X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of ... more We present contemporaneous X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, near-infrared, and radio observations of the black hole binary system, A0620-00, acquired in 2010 March. Using the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, we have obtained the first FUV spectrum of A0620-00, as well as NUV observations with STIS. The observed spectrum is flat in the FUV and very faint (with continuum fluxes ≃ 1e − 17 ergs cm −2 s −1Å−1). The UV spectra also show strong, broad (FWHM∼2000 km s −1) emission lines of Si IV, C IV, He II, Fe II, and Mg II. The C IV doublet is anomalously weak compared to the other lines, which is consistent with the low carbon abundance seen in NIR spectra of the source. Comparison of these observations with previous NUV spectra of A0620-00 show that the UV flux has varied by factors of 2-8 over several years. We compiled the dereddened, broadband spectral energy distribution of A0620-00 and compared it to previous SEDs as well as theoretical models. The SEDs show that the source varies at all wavelengths for which we have multiple samples. Contrary to previous observations, the optical-UV spectrum does not continue to drop to shorter wavelengths, but instead shows a recovery and an increasingly blue spectrum in the FUV. We created an optical-UV spectrum of A0620-00 with the donor star contribution removed. The non-stellar spectrum peaks at ≃3000Å. The peak can be fit with a T=10,000 K blackbody with a small emitting area, probably originating in the hot spot where the accretion
Using the new Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we obtained ... more Using the new Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we obtained moderate-resolution, high signal/noise ultraviolet spectra of HD 209458 and its exoplanet HD 209458b during transit, both orbital quadratures, and secondary eclipse. We compare transit spectra with spectra obtained at non-transit phases to identify spectral features due to the exoplanet's expanding atmosphere. We find that the mean flux decreased by 7.8 ± 1.3% for the C II 1334.5323Å and 1335.6854Å lines and by 8.2 ± 1.4% for the Si III 1206.500Å line during transit compared to non-transit times in the velocity interval-50 to +50 km s −1. Comparison of the C II and Si III line depths and transit/nontransit line ratios shows deeper absorption features near-10 and +15 km s −1 and less certain features near-40 and +30-70 km s −1 , but future observations are needed to verify this first detection of velocity structure in the expanding atmosphere of an exoplanet. Our results for the C II lines and the non-detection of Si IV 1394.76Å absorption are in agreement with Vidal-Madjar et al. (2004), but we find absorption during transit in the Si III line contrary to the earlier result. The 8 ± 1% obscuration of the star during transit is far larger than the 1.5% obscuration by the exoplanet's disk. Absorption during transit at velocities between-50 and +50 km s −1 in the C II and Si III lines requires high-velocity ion absorbers. Assuming hydrodynamic model values for the gas temperature and outflow velocity at the limb of the outflow as seen in the C II lines, we find mass-loss rates in the range (8-40)×10 10 g s −1. These rates assume that the carbon abundance is solar, which is not the case for the giant planets in the solar system. Our mass-loss rate estimate is consistent with theoretical hydrodynamic models that include metals in the outflowing gas.
The Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) of late-type galaxies is characterized using UV spectroscopy of 1... more The Circumgalactic Medium (CGM) of late-type galaxies is characterized using UV spectroscopy of 11 targeted QSO/galaxy pairs at z ≤ 0.02 with the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and ∼ 60 serendipitous absorber/galaxy pairs at z ≤ 0.2 with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. CGM warm cloud properties are derived, including volume filling factors of 3-5%, cloud sizes of 0.1-30 kpc, masses of 10-10 8 M ⊙ and metallicities of ∼ 0.1-1 Z ⊙. Almost all warm CGM clouds within 0.5 R vir are metal-bearing and many have velocities consistent with being bound, "galactic fountain" clouds. For galaxies with L 0.1 L * , the total mass in these warm CGM clouds approaches 10 10 M ⊙ , ∼ 10-15% of the total baryons in massive spirals and comparable to the baryons in their parent galaxy disks. This leaves 50% of massive spiral-galaxy baryons "missing". Dwarfs (< 0.1 L *) have smaller area covering factors and warm CGM masses (≤ 5% baryon fraction), suggesting that many of their warm clouds escape. Constant warm cloud internal pressures as a function of impact parameter (P/k ∼ 10 cm −3 K) support the inference that previous COS detections of broad, shallow O VI and Lyα absorptions are of an extensive (∼ 400-600 kpc), hot (T ≈ 10 6 K) intra-cloud gas which is very massive (≥ 10 11 M ⊙). While the warm CGM clouds cannot account for all the "missing baryons" in spirals, the hot intra-group gas can, and could account for ∼ 20% of the cosmic baryon census at z ∼ 0 if this hot gas is ubiquitous among spiral groups.
Alumina catalyzes the Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with optically active menthyl acry... more Alumina catalyzes the Diels-Alder reactions of cyclopentadiene with optically active menthyl acrylate and dimenthyl fumarate. Significant diastereoselectivity is observed in each case. INTRODUCITON The Diels-Alder reaction, or 4 t 2 cycloaddition reaction, continues to attract a great deal of attention because of its importance in the theory of organic reactions' and organic synthesis.' The reaction is perhaps the best method for the creation of six-membered rings and up to four new stereogenic centers are formed stereospecifically. With appropriate reactants, high regio-and endo-exo selectivity is observed. When the reaction is run in the presence of Lewis acids, the reaction rate is increased3 and endo-exo selectivity is enhanced significantly (eq.
We consider the problem of deciding which of a set of p independent variables x1 X2J xs we are to... more We consider the problem of deciding which of a set of p independent variables x1 X2J xs we are to regard as being functionally involved in the mean of a dependent normal random variable Y and estimating E( Y) in terms of the chosen x&#39;s. This mean is an unknown function (assumed to be doubly differentiable) of some or all
A sample of 20 star-forming galaxies will be observed with COS G130M. The galaxies were selected ... more A sample of 20 star-forming galaxies will be observed with COS G130M. The galaxies were selected from the Kitt Peak International Spectroscopic Survey {KISSR} data release and cover a broad range of luminosity, oxygen abundance, and reddening. The goal of the program is to characterize the Lyman-alpha properties and establish correlations with fundamental galaxy properties. Each galaxy will be observed for one orbit.;
The atmosphere and corona of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io emit light at a wide variety of wave... more The atmosphere and corona of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io emit light at a wide variety of wavelengths, from FUV neutral O and S lines to SO emission at 1.7 microns. These emissions provide important constraints on the distribution and chemistry of Io's atmosphere, and Io's interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere. The neutral O and S FUV emissions, shortward of 2000?, have been imaged extensively by HST/STIS and visible emissions {from neutral Na, K and O line emission, and SO2 continuum emission} have been imaged by the Galileo, Cassini, and New Horizons spacecraft, but the spatial distribution of emissions in the 2000-3000? region, thought to be dominated by SO2 electron impact continuum emission, has not yet been determined. Earlier long-slit observations with STIS indicated strong concentration of 2800? emission over the active volcano Prometheus {Jessup et al. 2004}, suggesting local volcanic control, but Cassini images suggest that the SO2 continuum seen at longe...
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2006
Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) can be difficult to diagnose in toddlers. This study compared d... more Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) can be difficult to diagnose in toddlers. This study compared diagnostic measures (ADOS-G, ADI-R, CARS, and clinical judgment using DSM-IV criteria) applied to toddlers. Results indicated that the ADOS-G, CARS, and clinical judgment agreed with each other but not with the ADI-R. Many of the children classified with ASD by the other measures were not classified with autism by the ADI-R because they did not display enough repetitive behaviors and stereotyped interests. These results indicate that young children with ASD may not display repetitive behaviors and stereotyped interests, and for toddlers, the ADI-R would have a higher sensitivity if revised to include a diagnosis of PDD-NOS, for which the requirement of repetitive behaviors is less stringent.
To evaluate restorative resection rate for rectal cancer in a District General Hospital Colorecta... more To evaluate restorative resection rate for rectal cancer in a District General Hospital Colorectal Unit. Method: 78 patients underwent curative resection for rectal cancer from May 2007 to Oct 2010. A retrospective case-note analysis was undertaken. Results: Fifty five (70.51%) patients (35M, 20F) had anterior resection of which 24(30.76%) patients underwent low anterior resection. Twenty three (29.48%) patients (14M, 9F) had APE. Median age of patients was 70years.Median tumour height from anal verge at rigid sigmoidoscopy was measured at 6cm for low anterior resection and at 3cm for APE. The median SIMD (Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation) rank for patients who underwent anterior resection was noted at 2842 as compared to 1917 for those who underwent APE (p ¼ 0.132). Conclusion: The rate of APE (abdomino-perineal excision) has been proposed as a quality indicator of rectal cancer services with a suggested maximum limit of < 30%. Consideration should be given to the prevalence of low rectal cancers in certain demographic areas. The deprivation index in the current cohort was not found to be significantly related to incidence of ultra-low rectal tumours. Permanent stoma rate may not be a true reflection of the quality surgical care for rectal cancer.
challenging, necessitating a multidisciplinary team approach. Integrated care pathways are in wid... more challenging, necessitating a multidisciplinary team approach. Integrated care pathways are in widespread use but had not been previously assessed in the authors' unit. Design: A scoring tool was developed to assess the standards of record keeping based on guidance in Good Surgical Practice, 2008. A retrospective assessment of 14 sets of case notes was conducted. The results were used to develop a daily record keeping proforma for the multidisciplinary team. Following implementation and re-audit, a two sample t-test was used to analyse the significance of the change in score. A questionnaire investigated the views of the MDT regarding record-keeping. Results: Mean scores increased from 22.2/50 to 42.7/50 (p<0.05) following the implementation of the tool. Of the nine members of the MDT questioned, all felt that head and neck record-keeping needed improving, primarily in MDT (9/9) and doctors' (7/9) record keeping. All felt that MDT and doctors' record-keeping, and inter-disciplinary communication, were improved by the tool. Conclusions: This record-keeping tool is an effective means of improving record-keeping standards and inter-disciplinary communication, with implications for clinical and medico-legal aspects of patient care.
Excessive intramedullary pressure coincident to surgical procedures requiring entrance and surgic... more Excessive intramedullary pressure coincident to surgical procedures requiring entrance and surgical manipulation within the intramedullary canal is a problem that was recognized by Gerhard Küntscher, the godfather of intramedullary nailing. He expressed concern about this phenomenon in his early writings during the 1940's. Although he suggested certain technical methods to moderate the event while doing the surgical procedure he had no solution for absolutely preventing its occurrence. This became more of an issue after he introduced motorized reaming in the mid 1950's to improve the strength of intramedullary fixation. The first to demonstrate that pressure could be avoided during intramedullary surgeries were Lorenzi, Olerud and Dankwardt-Lillieström in the late 1960's. Using a method that employed suction evacuation of intramedullary content prior to reaming, and by introducing irrigation while reaming, they were able to achieve negative pressures during their intramedullary work. They proved that if an IM technique did not inject fat throughout the bone and into the organism there were significant benefits both locally and systemically. With impeccable methodology, they showed fat destroyed the vascularity of the bone and inhibited its revascularization. Systemically, its presence was associated with death and morbidity. K.M. Stürmer, using sheep in studies done in the 1980's, further validated the effectiveness of negative pressure reaming to prevent adverse effects associated with reaming. The attempt to create a device to provide these benefits clinically, however, has been challenging. The group in Muenster did work with a rinsing-suction-reamer (RSR) that showed fat introduction with reaming need not be significantly greater than when using an external fixator. In the US, the effort has focused on developing a reamer that integrated suction and irrigation into its design. This instrument has been given the acronym of RIA (reamer/irrigator/aspirator). The rationale and development of this system is detailed in this paper. Now that the intramedullary canal can be reamed using a negative pressure method this domain, as a unique source of biological material, is being increasingly investigated. The cells and tissue harvested from this space have tremendous therapeutic promise.
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1979
In 1974 he joined the Computer Science Department at Michigan State University where he is curren... more In 1974 he joined the Computer Science Department at Michigan State University where he is currently an Associate Professor. His research interests are in the areas of pattern recognition and image processing. Dr. Jain is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery, the Pattern Recognition Society, and Sigma Xi.
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a member of a family of proteins that are involved in embryonic developme... more Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is a member of a family of proteins that are involved in embryonic development. The receptor signaling pathways for Shh persist in adults and stimulation of this pathway has shown therapeutic efficacy in animal models of neurodegeneration/regeneration. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of repeat dose administration of an IgG fusion protein of Shh (Shh‐Ig) in adult mice. Routine toxicology evaluations were performed. In addition, body composition analysis was conducted by densitometry. Shh‐Ig treatment caused a significant increase in body weight gain relative to controls and a slight increase in liver and spleen weights. The increase in body weight could be largely accounted for by an increase in body fat. The treatment‐related increases in body weight were reversible upon cessation of treatment. Shh‐Ig treatment produced no significant changes in clinical chemistry or hematology. There were no gross or histomorphologic findings in any tissue excep...
ABSTRACT Chemical oscillations have been uncovered in the photo-mediated 4-aminophenol–bromate re... more ABSTRACT Chemical oscillations have been uncovered in the photo-mediated 4-aminophenol–bromate reaction. The presence of light is found essential both to the extent of the reaction and the oscillatory behavior, where turning-off (on) the light results in an immediate disappearance (revival) of the oscillation. The long induction time in this photochemical oscillator shows an exponential dependence on the light intensity. Phase diagrams show that illumination with intense light allows the otherwise non-oscillatory system to exhibit oscillations over broad 4-aminophenol, bromate and sulfuric acid concentrations. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction involves the production of N-bromo-1,4-benzoquinone-4-imine.
Uploads
Papers by James Green