This special issue of the Kiva is published in honor of Margaret Lyneis, who passed away in 2016 ... more This special issue of the Kiva is published in honor of Margaret Lyneis, who passed away in 2016 at the age of 78, after a long and influential career as a teacher and scholar. These papers developed out of a session presented at the 83rd annual meeting of Society for American Archaeology (SAA), held in Washington, D.C. in 2018. Collectively, the papers provide a snapshot of current findings from the Virgin Branch Puebloan region, also referred to as the Far Western Puebloan region (Lyneis 1995). All of the authors in this volume have been influenced, either directly or indirectly, by the work of Margaret Lyneis, and owe a debt of gratitude to her meticulous and groundbreaking work. Early Life and College Years Lyneis was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin in 1938 (Figure 1). She received her undergraduate degree from the University of Washington in 1959, and her master's and doctoral degrees from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1964 and 1968, respectively. Margaret began her career at a time when few women were involved in field research, and she was among a generation of women in the 1960s who helped change that. While still a graduate student, she wrote to the director of the Tule Springs Expedition to ask if she could participate. As she relayed to the senior author, she received a letter enthusiastically accepting herbecause, she was told, they needed women on the project to type up the field notes and curation tags. Lyneis immediately wrote back that she did not intend to serve as a project secretary, but rather that she intended to participate in the fieldwork. Shutler relented and
We present new spatio-temporal geostatistical modelling and interpolation capabilities of the R p... more We present new spatio-temporal geostatistical modelling and interpolation capabilities of the R package gstat. Various spatio-temporal covariance models have been implemented, such as the separable, product-sum, metric and sum-metric models. In a real-world application we compare spatiotemporal interpolations using these models with a purely spatial kriging approach. The target variable of the application is the daily mean PM 10 concentration measured at rural air quality monitoring stations across Germany in 2005. R code for variogram fitting and interpolation is presented in this paper to illustrate the workflow of spatio-temporal interpolation using gstat. We conclude that the system works properly and that the extension of gstat facilitates and eases spatio-temporal geostatistical modelling and prediction for R users.
Red Knobs is a large Anasazi site in southeastern Utah. It was a community center twice-first aro... more Red Knobs is a large Anasazi site in southeastern Utah. It was a community center twice-first around AD. 900, then again in the early to mid-llOOs. The later occupation incorporated some of the architectural symbolism associated with Chacoan great houses, including a great kiva and a prehistoric road. Other characteristics, including having been built on top of an earlier community center, seem symbolic but are not clearly Chacoan. Also, ceramics suggest substantial local production with economic ties strongest to the southwest rather than the southeast toward Chaco or Aztec. It appears that connections to Chaco, if any; were relatively indirect. Other southeastern Utah great houses are highly variable, but share both the Chacoan architectural symbolism and the tendency to be located on the ruins of large, late Pueblo I villages. This suggests attempts to evoke connections both to the large, distant Chacoan centers and to local precursors.
The Brigham Young University archaeological field school has spent five field seasons excavating ... more The Brigham Young University archaeological field school has spent five field seasons excavating at Wolf Village (42UT273), a large Fremont site in Utah Valley. Wolf Village is a blend of typical Fremont architectural traits and unique or rare characteristics. This blending is exemplified in the two adobe surface structures, which are the only well-documented adobe structures in Utah Valley; the residential pit structures, which include features such as multiple ventilation entrances and are abnormally large; and the 80.5 m² pit structure, which is the largest Fremont structure found to date and was likely used for communal activities. Despite the differences in construction, radiocarbon dating suggests that all these structures date to a relatively short time period in the A.D. 1000s. Exploring architectural traits and variation at Wolf Village and other Fremont sites gives new insights into community and interaction within the Fremont world.
Although ethnographic descriptions of the Southern Paiute usually portray them as hunter-gatherer... more Although ethnographic descriptions of the Southern Paiute usually portray them as hunter-gatherers who only dabbled with farming, historic records demonstrate that Paiutes were growing maize prior to the arrival of the first Spanish explorers. These records further suggest that in the St. George Basin of southwestern Utah, Southern Paiute farming was relatively intensive in the decades before the arrival of Mormon settlers. Numerous Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric archaeological sites have been excavated in the St. George Basin, but subsistence activities at most excavated sites appear to be centered around wild plant gathering and processing. This essay describes excavations of two Protohistoric features near the Santa Clara River that provide evidence for Southern Paiute horticulture, including wheat grains and abundant maize cob and kernel fragments. The evidence for Southern Paiute horticulture in the St. George Basin remains ambiguous, however, with apparent contradictions between the historic record and the bulk of the archaeological evidence. This may be because intensive farming only occurred in limited areas, and almost none of the archaeological research has been along the river margins.
San Juan Red ware pottery was distributed across the northern Southwest from the eighth through t... more San Juan Red ware pottery was distributed across the northern Southwest from the eighth through tenth centuries A.D., though made only in the northern San Juan region. This paper investigates the concentration (Costin 1991) of San Juan Red ware production through neutron activation analysis of the pottery and raw materials. Production was concentrated in the area of southeast Utah, and within that area it appears to have been produced at only a limited number of sources, possibly by specialized pottery-making communities. These results have implications regarding economic organization, exchange, and mobility.
This special issue of the Kiva is published in honor of Margaret Lyneis, who passed away in 2016 ... more This special issue of the Kiva is published in honor of Margaret Lyneis, who passed away in 2016 at the age of 78, after a long and influential career as a teacher and scholar. These papers developed out of a session presented at the 83rd annual meeting of Society for American Archaeology (SAA), held in Washington, D.C. in 2018. Collectively, the papers provide a snapshot of current findings from the Virgin Branch Puebloan region, also referred to as the Far Western Puebloan region (Lyneis 1995). All of the authors in this volume have been influenced, either directly or indirectly, by the work of Margaret Lyneis, and owe a debt of gratitude to her meticulous and groundbreaking work. Early Life and College Years Lyneis was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin in 1938 (Figure 1). She received her undergraduate degree from the University of Washington in 1959, and her master's and doctoral degrees from the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1964 and 1968, respectively. Margaret began her career at a time when few women were involved in field research, and she was among a generation of women in the 1960s who helped change that. While still a graduate student, she wrote to the director of the Tule Springs Expedition to ask if she could participate. As she relayed to the senior author, she received a letter enthusiastically accepting herbecause, she was told, they needed women on the project to type up the field notes and curation tags. Lyneis immediately wrote back that she did not intend to serve as a project secretary, but rather that she intended to participate in the fieldwork. Shutler relented and
We present new spatio-temporal geostatistical modelling and interpolation capabilities of the R p... more We present new spatio-temporal geostatistical modelling and interpolation capabilities of the R package gstat. Various spatio-temporal covariance models have been implemented, such as the separable, product-sum, metric and sum-metric models. In a real-world application we compare spatiotemporal interpolations using these models with a purely spatial kriging approach. The target variable of the application is the daily mean PM 10 concentration measured at rural air quality monitoring stations across Germany in 2005. R code for variogram fitting and interpolation is presented in this paper to illustrate the workflow of spatio-temporal interpolation using gstat. We conclude that the system works properly and that the extension of gstat facilitates and eases spatio-temporal geostatistical modelling and prediction for R users.
Red Knobs is a large Anasazi site in southeastern Utah. It was a community center twice-first aro... more Red Knobs is a large Anasazi site in southeastern Utah. It was a community center twice-first around AD. 900, then again in the early to mid-llOOs. The later occupation incorporated some of the architectural symbolism associated with Chacoan great houses, including a great kiva and a prehistoric road. Other characteristics, including having been built on top of an earlier community center, seem symbolic but are not clearly Chacoan. Also, ceramics suggest substantial local production with economic ties strongest to the southwest rather than the southeast toward Chaco or Aztec. It appears that connections to Chaco, if any; were relatively indirect. Other southeastern Utah great houses are highly variable, but share both the Chacoan architectural symbolism and the tendency to be located on the ruins of large, late Pueblo I villages. This suggests attempts to evoke connections both to the large, distant Chacoan centers and to local precursors.
The Brigham Young University archaeological field school has spent five field seasons excavating ... more The Brigham Young University archaeological field school has spent five field seasons excavating at Wolf Village (42UT273), a large Fremont site in Utah Valley. Wolf Village is a blend of typical Fremont architectural traits and unique or rare characteristics. This blending is exemplified in the two adobe surface structures, which are the only well-documented adobe structures in Utah Valley; the residential pit structures, which include features such as multiple ventilation entrances and are abnormally large; and the 80.5 m² pit structure, which is the largest Fremont structure found to date and was likely used for communal activities. Despite the differences in construction, radiocarbon dating suggests that all these structures date to a relatively short time period in the A.D. 1000s. Exploring architectural traits and variation at Wolf Village and other Fremont sites gives new insights into community and interaction within the Fremont world.
Although ethnographic descriptions of the Southern Paiute usually portray them as hunter-gatherer... more Although ethnographic descriptions of the Southern Paiute usually portray them as hunter-gatherers who only dabbled with farming, historic records demonstrate that Paiutes were growing maize prior to the arrival of the first Spanish explorers. These records further suggest that in the St. George Basin of southwestern Utah, Southern Paiute farming was relatively intensive in the decades before the arrival of Mormon settlers. Numerous Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric archaeological sites have been excavated in the St. George Basin, but subsistence activities at most excavated sites appear to be centered around wild plant gathering and processing. This essay describes excavations of two Protohistoric features near the Santa Clara River that provide evidence for Southern Paiute horticulture, including wheat grains and abundant maize cob and kernel fragments. The evidence for Southern Paiute horticulture in the St. George Basin remains ambiguous, however, with apparent contradictions between the historic record and the bulk of the archaeological evidence. This may be because intensive farming only occurred in limited areas, and almost none of the archaeological research has been along the river margins.
San Juan Red ware pottery was distributed across the northern Southwest from the eighth through t... more San Juan Red ware pottery was distributed across the northern Southwest from the eighth through tenth centuries A.D., though made only in the northern San Juan region. This paper investigates the concentration (Costin 1991) of San Juan Red ware production through neutron activation analysis of the pottery and raw materials. Production was concentrated in the area of southeast Utah, and within that area it appears to have been produced at only a limited number of sources, possibly by specialized pottery-making communities. These results have implications regarding economic organization, exchange, and mobility.
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Papers by James Allison