Obesity is an increasingly important health problem worldwide as well as in developing countries ... more Obesity is an increasingly important health problem worldwide as well as in developing countries like India. Recent genetic studies suggest that obesity associated FTO and IRX3 are functionally linked and many effects due to genetic variants in FTO gene act through IRX3. To evaluate the association of FTO and IRX3 genetic variants towards obesity risk. North Indian individuals categorised as non-obese (BMI<30 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m(2)) were selected. FTO rs8050136, rs1421085, rs9939609, rs17817449 and IRX3 rs3751723 were genotyped by means of validated Taqman® allelic discrimination to evaluate their association with obesity by means of single locus logistic regression by SPSS ver. 19 and multilocus linkage and haplotype analysis by SNPStats and gene-gene interaction with Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) ver.6 Results: In single locus analysis, FTO rs8050136 CA (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =2.4(1.7-3.4) and AA (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =3.1(1.9-5.2); FTO rs1421085 TA (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =2.1(1.4-3.0) and AA (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =3.0(1.8-5.0); FTO rs9939609 TC (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =2.1(1.5-3.1) and CC (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =4.2(2.5-7.3) along with TG (P=0.001; OR (95%CI) =2.1(1.3-3.2) and GG (P=0.021; OR (95%CI) =3.8(1.2-11.8) genotypes of FTO rs17817449 with GT (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =2.1(1.5-3.1) and TT (P=0.012; OR (95%CI) =3.3(1.8-3.6) genotypes of IRX3 rs3751723 were significantly associated with obesity. In multilocus analysis, SNPs of FTO and IRX3 were in strong linkage disequilibrium and in haplotype and GMDR analysis the SNPs were significantly associated with obesity risk (P<0.05). This is the first study to reveal that genetic variants of both FTO and IRX3 genes are in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) and are associated with obesity risk in North Indians.
Obesity is a multi-factorial disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The physio... more Obesity is a multi-factorial disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The physiological pathways associated with obesity are complex and involve several genes. The aim of this survey is to evaluate the association of genetic variants of melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) with obesity in the North Indian population. MC4R rs17782313, POMC rs1042571, APOE-Hha1 and AGRP rs3412352 polymorphisms were investigated for their association in 396 obese individuals with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) and 300 healthy non-obese individuals with BMI < 30 kg/m(2). Genotyping was performed using Taqman probes and PCR-RFLP methods. Single locus logistic regression analysis was conducted using (SPSS), ver.19 and PLINK software Version 1.01 and high order genetic interactions associated with obesity risk were analysed using MDR software (version 2.3.0.2). The genotypes of MC4R rs17782313, POMC rs1042571 and APOE-H...
Obesity is risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Adiponectin,... more Obesity is risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Adiponectin, an adipose-specific protein with antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory effects, were found to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. Our aim to identify possible relationships between circulating adiponectin and obesity as well as obesity related phenotypes. A total of 642, obese and non-obese individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Hormone and glucose levels were estimated using standard protocols. The adiponectin levels showed a significant decrease with increasing quartiles of insulin resistance index. Subjects in lowest quartile of adiponectin level had a significantly higher risk than those in the highest quartile, with higher body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, percentage body fat, fat mass, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, total cholesterol (p \ 0.001), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.001), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.002), and Triglyceride (p = 0.002). The present study indicates that adiponectin is significantly associated with obesity, insulin resistance and other obesity related phenotypes.
A polymorphism in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 2 gene -866 G/A has been associated w... more A polymorphism in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 2 gene -866 G/A has been associated with its expression levels, the risk of obesity, and metabolic abnormalities. We aimed to investigate the associations of uncoupling protein (UCP)2 gene variants with obesity and related traits. A total of 440 subjects, 200 obese, and 240 non-obese individuals were included in this case-control study. Hormone and glucose levels were estimated using standard protocols. Genotyping of UCP-2 gene polymorphism for all subjects was performed by the PCR-RFLP polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Higher Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Waist to hip ratio, Leptin, Insulin, and blood glucose levels were observed in obese than non-obese (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The distributions of genotype (0.001) and allele (0.003) were significantly different between the non-obese and the obese groups. In the obese group, subjects with the A allele showed significant high insulin levels (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) in comparison with A allele non-carriers. In conclusion, our results suggest that the -866 AA genotype and A allele of the UCP2 gene is associated with obesity and A allele associated with hyperinsulinemia in obese subjects.
Obesity is commonly associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia and is often associa... more Obesity is commonly associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia and is often associated with various metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidaemia and elevated plasma glucose. A total of 642 study participants, 309 obese and 333 nonobese individuals were included in this study. Insulin, glucose and lipid levels were estimated using standard protocols. The degree of insulin resistance was calculated according to the homeostasis model assessment. All study participants were genotyped by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The K121Q polymorphism of ENPP1/PC-1 gene showed no association with obesity. The K121Q polymorphism showed association with different obesity associated phenotypes like percentage body fat, fat mass, insulin and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance). The strongest associations were observed in percentage body fat, fat mass, insulin and HOMA-IR under recessive and dominant models. The genetic association of ENPP1/PC-1 K121Q polymorphism with insulin resistance has been established in other population (Bacci et al. 2005). We have replicated the genetic association of ENPP1/PC-1 K121Q polymorphism with obesity and its association with plasma insulin, insulin resistance, per cent body fat and fat mass in a north Indian population. Obesity is related with significantly increased morbidity (Eckel and Krauss 1998) and mortality (Calle et al. 1999). Obesity is commonly associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia and is often associated with high blood pressure and various metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidaemia and elevated plasma glucose (Thomas et al. 2004).
BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have become main healt... more BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have become main health evils. The health problems of obesity are well-recognized. However, the fact that all obese individuals are not at the same risk of developing a disease is also recognized. The apolipoprotein B (APOB) plays a central role in lipid metabolism. So we compare the association of APOB XbaI gene polymorphism and lipid profile total in obese north Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 132 obese (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m 2) and 132 age matched non-obese (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2) subjects were studied after taking detailed clinical profile. Lipid profile in serum/plasma was done using commercial kits. Genetic analysis of APOB XbaI was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Leanth polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 11.5) software (IBM Corporation). All continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD and tested by analysis of variance test. Comparisons of categorical variables were assessed using χ 2 tests or Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Analysis showed that obese subjects had significantly higher value of the waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and lipid profile. In APOB XbaI gene polymorphism, we did not find significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies. Moreover, none of the studied metabolic parameters (lipid profile) showed any association with the gene polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Study reveals no considerable association of APOB XbaI gene polymorphism with obesity and lipid profile in north Indians.
Obesity is an increasingly important health problem worldwide as well as in developing countries ... more Obesity is an increasingly important health problem worldwide as well as in developing countries like India. Recent genetic studies suggest that obesity associated FTO and IRX3 are functionally linked and many effects due to genetic variants in FTO gene act through IRX3. To evaluate the association of FTO and IRX3 genetic variants towards obesity risk. North Indian individuals categorised as non-obese (BMI&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;30 kg/m(2)) and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m(2)) were selected. FTO rs8050136, rs1421085, rs9939609, rs17817449 and IRX3 rs3751723 were genotyped by means of validated Taqman® allelic discrimination to evaluate their association with obesity by means of single locus logistic regression by SPSS ver. 19 and multilocus linkage and haplotype analysis by SNPStats and gene-gene interaction with Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) ver.6 Results: In single locus analysis, FTO rs8050136 CA (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =2.4(1.7-3.4) and AA (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =3.1(1.9-5.2); FTO rs1421085 TA (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =2.1(1.4-3.0) and AA (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =3.0(1.8-5.0); FTO rs9939609 TC (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =2.1(1.5-3.1) and CC (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =4.2(2.5-7.3) along with TG (P=0.001; OR (95%CI) =2.1(1.3-3.2) and GG (P=0.021; OR (95%CI) =3.8(1.2-11.8) genotypes of FTO rs17817449 with GT (P=0.0001; OR (95%CI) =2.1(1.5-3.1) and TT (P=0.012; OR (95%CI) =3.3(1.8-3.6) genotypes of IRX3 rs3751723 were significantly associated with obesity. In multilocus analysis, SNPs of FTO and IRX3 were in strong linkage disequilibrium and in haplotype and GMDR analysis the SNPs were significantly associated with obesity risk (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). This is the first study to reveal that genetic variants of both FTO and IRX3 genes are in high linkage disequilibrium (LD) and are associated with obesity risk in North Indians.
Obesity is a multi-factorial disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The physio... more Obesity is a multi-factorial disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The physiological pathways associated with obesity are complex and involve several genes. The aim of this survey is to evaluate the association of genetic variants of melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), apolipoprotein E (APOE) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) with obesity in the North Indian population. MC4R rs17782313, POMC rs1042571, APOE-Hha1 and AGRP rs3412352 polymorphisms were investigated for their association in 396 obese individuals with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) and 300 healthy non-obese individuals with BMI < 30 kg/m(2). Genotyping was performed using Taqman probes and PCR-RFLP methods. Single locus logistic regression analysis was conducted using (SPSS), ver.19 and PLINK software Version 1.01 and high order genetic interactions associated with obesity risk were analysed using MDR software (version 2.3.0.2). The genotypes of MC4R rs17782313, POMC rs1042571 and APOE-H...
Obesity is risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Adiponectin,... more Obesity is risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Adiponectin, an adipose-specific protein with antiatherogenic and antiinflammatory effects, were found to be associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance. Our aim to identify possible relationships between circulating adiponectin and obesity as well as obesity related phenotypes. A total of 642, obese and non-obese individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Hormone and glucose levels were estimated using standard protocols. The adiponectin levels showed a significant decrease with increasing quartiles of insulin resistance index. Subjects in lowest quartile of adiponectin level had a significantly higher risk than those in the highest quartile, with higher body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, percentage body fat, fat mass, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index, total cholesterol (p \ 0.001), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.001), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.002), and Triglyceride (p = 0.002). The present study indicates that adiponectin is significantly associated with obesity, insulin resistance and other obesity related phenotypes.
A polymorphism in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 2 gene -866 G/A has been associated w... more A polymorphism in the promoter region of uncoupling protein 2 gene -866 G/A has been associated with its expression levels, the risk of obesity, and metabolic abnormalities. We aimed to investigate the associations of uncoupling protein (UCP)2 gene variants with obesity and related traits. A total of 440 subjects, 200 obese, and 240 non-obese individuals were included in this case-control study. Hormone and glucose levels were estimated using standard protocols. Genotyping of UCP-2 gene polymorphism for all subjects was performed by the PCR-RFLP polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Higher Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Waist to hip ratio, Leptin, Insulin, and blood glucose levels were observed in obese than non-obese (P &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). The distributions of genotype (0.001) and allele (0.003) were significantly different between the non-obese and the obese groups. In the obese group, subjects with the A allele showed significant high insulin levels (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) in comparison with A allele non-carriers. In conclusion, our results suggest that the -866 AA genotype and A allele of the UCP2 gene is associated with obesity and A allele associated with hyperinsulinemia in obese subjects.
Obesity is commonly associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia and is often associa... more Obesity is commonly associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia and is often associated with various metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidaemia and elevated plasma glucose. A total of 642 study participants, 309 obese and 333 nonobese individuals were included in this study. Insulin, glucose and lipid levels were estimated using standard protocols. The degree of insulin resistance was calculated according to the homeostasis model assessment. All study participants were genotyped by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The K121Q polymorphism of ENPP1/PC-1 gene showed no association with obesity. The K121Q polymorphism showed association with different obesity associated phenotypes like percentage body fat, fat mass, insulin and HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance). The strongest associations were observed in percentage body fat, fat mass, insulin and HOMA-IR under recessive and dominant models. The genetic association of ENPP1/PC-1 K121Q polymorphism with insulin resistance has been established in other population (Bacci et al. 2005). We have replicated the genetic association of ENPP1/PC-1 K121Q polymorphism with obesity and its association with plasma insulin, insulin resistance, per cent body fat and fat mass in a north Indian population. Obesity is related with significantly increased morbidity (Eckel and Krauss 1998) and mortality (Calle et al. 1999). Obesity is commonly associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia and is often associated with high blood pressure and various metabolic abnormalities, such as dyslipidaemia and elevated plasma glucose (Thomas et al. 2004).
BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have become main healt... more BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have become main health evils. The health problems of obesity are well-recognized. However, the fact that all obese individuals are not at the same risk of developing a disease is also recognized. The apolipoprotein B (APOB) plays a central role in lipid metabolism. So we compare the association of APOB XbaI gene polymorphism and lipid profile total in obese north Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 132 obese (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m 2) and 132 age matched non-obese (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m 2) subjects were studied after taking detailed clinical profile. Lipid profile in serum/plasma was done using commercial kits. Genetic analysis of APOB XbaI was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Leanth polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 11.5) software (IBM Corporation). All continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD and tested by analysis of variance test. Comparisons of categorical variables were assessed using χ 2 tests or Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Analysis showed that obese subjects had significantly higher value of the waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and lipid profile. In APOB XbaI gene polymorphism, we did not find significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies. Moreover, none of the studied metabolic parameters (lipid profile) showed any association with the gene polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Study reveals no considerable association of APOB XbaI gene polymorphism with obesity and lipid profile in north Indians.
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