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J. Sugardjito

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Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

Michael W Charney

SOAS University of London

José F. González-Maya

Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Lerma

Diego F Cisneros-Heredia

Universidad San Francisco de Quito

Tyrell Haberkorn

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Mohamad Shohibuddin

Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Jeganathan CHOCKALINGAM

Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra (Ranchi) India

Ulisses Caramaschi

Museu Nacional, UFRJ

Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi

Reinaldo Imbrozio Barbosa

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia

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Papers by J. Sugardjito

… Hooff JARAM (1987). Ecological constraints on the grouping of wild-orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in …

Int J Primatol

Building bridges between natural and social science disciplines: a standardized methodology to combine data on ecosystem quality trends

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Despite a growing interest in interdisciplinary research, systematic ways of how to integrate dat... more Despite a growing interest in interdisciplinary research, systematic ways of how to integrate data from different disciplines are still scarce. We argue that successful resource management relies on two key data sources: natural science data, which represents ecosystem structure and processes, and social science data, which describes people's perceptions and understanding. Both are vital, mutually complementing information sources that can underpin the development of feasible and effective policies and management interventions. To harvest the added value of combined knowledge, a uniform scaling system is needed. In this paper, we propose a standardized methodology to connect and explore different types of quantitative data from the natural and social sciences reflecting temporal trends in ecosystem quality. We demonstrate this methodology with different types of data such as fisheries stocks and mangrove cover on the one hand and community's perceptions on the other. The exa...

Polycentricity in Practice: Marine Governance Transitions in Southeast Asia

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022

Environmental governance systems are expanding in size and complexity as they become more integra... more Environmental governance systems are expanding in size and complexity as they become more integrated and ecosystem-based. In doing so, governance transitions often involve more actors and knowingly or unknowingly alter the autonomy of actors to make decisions and thereby the ability of the governance system to self-organise. In short, we argue that these governance systems are becoming increasingly polycentric, moving towards an institutional structure that is reported to confer a number of benefits to social-ecological systems. This article adds to a growing body of evidence on transitions towards polycentric environmental governance in practice. It adds nuance to the normative and apolitical portrayals of governance transitions, in general, and polycentric governance transitions in particular. We analyse the relations amongst actors and historical development of four large-scale marine governance systems in Southeast Asia to understand how context, particularly power, shapes the emergence and evolution of various degrees of polycentric marine governance in practice. Our data indicate that transitions towards polycentricity do confer diversity and autonomy of decision-making centres, which can enable more innovation or flexibility to respond to changing circumstances. However, polycentric innovation does not always underpin sustainability and equity. Coordination mechanisms are critical for channelling the power dynamics that emerge among polycentric actors towards sustainability. Yet, in these emergent, ad hoc polycentric transitions such mechanisms remained nascent, ineffective or inactive. In low- and middle-income contexts the transaction costs involved in co-ordinating a semi-autonomous polycentric system are considerably more difficult to overcome and need investment in resources and accountability mechanisms.

Status Populasi Satwa Primata di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung dan Daerah Penyangga, Kalimantan Barat

Enam belas lokasi yang berbeda telah disurvei di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung dan sekitarnya deng... more Enam belas lokasi yang berbeda telah disurvei di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung dan sekitarnya dengan luas tertutup total hampir 45.000 ha. Indikasi ancaman terhadap habitat primata juga diteliti pada setiap lokasi yang disurvei. Telah ditemukan bahwa di daerah di mana pengawasan hutan secara intensif dilaksanakan, kepadatan primata terutama lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah yang tidak ada patroli reguler. Kepadatan tertinggi (3,7 individual/km2) orangutan ditemukan di Sungai Bayas, bagian dari Taman Nasional Gunung Palung, sedangkan kepadatan tinggi berikutnya (2,3 individual/km2) ditemukan di Lubuk Kuali, bagian dari masyarakat hutan. Spesies primata lain yang ditemukan selama survei ini adalah monyet ekor panjang, langurs, owa, dan monyet belalai. Spesies ini kebanyakan terjadi di dalam kawasan konservasi. Analisis ancaman menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan primata relatif lebih baik di kawasan konservasi dan hutan masyarakat bukan di hutan lindung. Meskipun status situs sebagai hutan lindung, tidak ada unit manajemen yang ada di daerah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan ilegal banyak terjadi yang menyebabkan penurunan populasi primata. Kegiatan ilegal yang paling sering ditemui adalah penebangan diikuti oleh konversi hutan untuk berburu dan tanaman pertanian atau tanaman.

Estimates of Orangutan Distribution and Status in Sumatra

The Neglected Ape, 1995

At the Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (PHVA) Workshop for orangutans, estimates of hab... more At the Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (PHVA) Workshop for orangutans, estimates of habitat and population numbers for Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) were derived from field biologists who studied, or are presently studying, orangutans at Ketambe in Gunung Leuser National Park. For Sumatra, the exact boundaries of orangutan distribution are not known, but there are several distinct populations, including the lesser-known Singkil population and the Sembabala-Dolok Sembelin population. The Greater Leuser orangutan population, which extends beyond the national park boundaries, is thought to cover approximately 11,710 km2 and has two distinct populations. Using a correction or “safety” factor to derive population estimates, the western population is thought to number 5,700 individuals, and is the most important orangutan population in Sumatra; the eastern population is thought to number 3,500 individuals. Within the restricted boundaries of Gunung Leuser National Park, the area covered by the western population is 5,570 km2 and the corrected population size is about 3,450 individuals; the area covered by the eastern population is 2,957 km2 and the corrected population size is about 2,400 individuals. The total number of orangutans in the park probably is about 5,850 individuals. The Greater Leuser populations were judged to be among the strongest in Southeast Asia, in terms of numbers and potential for protection. Gunung Leuser National Park was considered to be the most vital habitat to the long-term survival of the Sumatran orangutan.

Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan ( Pongo spp.) on Borneo and Sumatra: how many remain?

Oryx, 2008

In recognition of the fact that orang-utans (Pongo spp.) are severely threatened, a meeting of or... more In recognition of the fact that orang-utans (Pongo spp.) are severely threatened, a meeting of orangutan experts and conservationists, representatives of national and regional governmental and non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders, was convened in Jakarta, Indonesia, in January 2004. Prior to this meeting we surveyed all large areas for which orang-utan population status was unknown. Compilation of all survey data produced a comprehensive picture of orang-utan distribution on both Borneo and Sumatra. These results indicate that in 2004 there were c. 6,500 P. abelii remaining on Sumatra and at least 54,000 P. pygmaeus on Borneo. Extrapolating to 2008 on the basis of forest loss on both islands suggests the estimate for Borneo could be 10% too high but that for Sumatra is probably still relatively accurate because forest loss in orang-utan habitat has been low during the conflict in Aceh, where most P. abelii occur. When those population sizes are compared to known historical sizes it is clear that the Sumatran orang-utan is in rapid decline, and unless extraordinary efforts are made soon, it could become the first great ape species to go extinct. In contrast, our results indicate there are more and larger populations of Bornean orang-utans than previously known. Although these revised estimates for Borneo are encouraging, forest loss and associated loss of orang-utans are occurring at an alarming rate, and suggest that recent reductions of Bornean orang-utan populations have been far more severe than previously supposed. Nevertheless, although orang-utans on both islands are under threat, we highlight some reasons for cautious optimism for their long-term conservation.

Ecological constraints on the grouping of wild orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia

International Journal of Primatology, 1987

Sugardjito, te Boekhorst, and van Hooff tecting females against sexually aggressive subadult male... more

Nesolagus netscheri

Islet cell antibodies in Sulawesi macaques

American Journal of Primatology, 1999

Older monkeys of the Sulawesian species Macaca nigra spontaneously develop a lesion in the pancre... more Older monkeys of the Sulawesian species Macaca nigra spontaneously develop a lesion in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in which there is deposition of amyloid and gradual degeneration of all cells, which can lead eventually to development of diabetes mellitus. Islet cell antibodies (ICA), formed in response to the release of cellular antigens, can be used to detect the islet lesion and to monitor the progression of each monkey toward diabetes. Numerous M. nigra and one M. tonkeana in captivity have been tested, but it is unknown whether the islet lesion occurs in monkeys in their natural habitat of Sulawesi. Blood samples collected from M. maurus, M. tonkeana, and hybrid M. maurus/tonkeana were assayed for ICA. When all monkeys were considered together, 33% had ICA positive against beta cells and 14% had ICA positive against alpha and/or D cells. Appearance of ICA in blood of males was virtually the same as in females. These results are similar to those found in M. nigra examined in captivity. Since all Sulawesian species share a common genetic heritage, these results would support the appearance of this lesion in their natural habitat. Cause(s) for formation of the lesion and eventual development of diabetes are unknown. There may be genetic factors or genetic predisposition to environmental factors. If environmental factors are responsible, then they must be present not only in the wild, but either carried with the monkeys or universally available, since M. nigra born in captivity also develop the lesion and diabetes after physical maturity at ca. 7+ years.

Habitat destruction and poaching threaten the Sumatran tiger in Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra

Oryx, 2003

The Sumatran tiger, categorized as Critically of TPCU patrol size from the number of arrests, and... more The Sumatran tiger, categorized as Critically of TPCU patrol size from the number of arrests, and chainsaw and snare trap confiscations per patrol. The Endangered on the 2002 IUCN Red List, is threatened by poaching for domestic and international markets, by success of forest patrols increased with the number of TPCU staC per patrol. We looked at general law enforce-prey depletion from human hunting and by habitat loss from illegal and commercial logging, oil palm pro-ment for KSNP, which appeared to be inadequate. To reduce the threat posed by poaching and illegal logging duction, pioneer farming, mining operations and forest fires. Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) in west-central extra TPCU staC are required for patrols, and extra patrol units are required for the northern and southern sections Sumatra still has large blocks of forest that support tiger populations. In this paper we present information on of the Park. In KSNP it is necessary to monitor habitat loss, establish an unambiguous scheme to mitigate human-photo-trapping and tiger distribution in KSNP and adjoining forest. Tigers were found to be present in all tiger conflict, and develop a photo-trapping programme to monitor the tiger population. habitat types across KSNP. The poaching pressures on tigers and their prey species were evaluated from confiscations of snare traps by Tiger Protection and Keywords Deforestation, human-tiger conflict, Kerinci Seblat National Park, Panthera tigris sumatrae, poaching, Conservation Units (TPCU). Poaching pressures were found to be highest for muntjac, then sambar, tiger, and Sumatran tiger. serow and mouse deer. We determined the eCectiveness 1980). Furthermore, the body parts of some carnivores

Looking Through the COVID-19 Window of Opportunity: Future Scenarios Arising From the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Five Case Study Sites

Frontiers in Psychology, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused (and continues to cause) severe disruption in global and local e... more The COVID-19 pandemic has caused (and continues to cause) severe disruption in global and local economies and has forced countries, societies, and individuals to adapt quickly to the unprecedented and unpredictable situations. Despite the obvious negative consequences of the pandemic, many have called for efforts to identify transformative opportunities for sustainable development throughout this disorderly time. In the present paper, we explore such potential opportunities in the context of an interdisciplinary, international research project, which is focusing on sustainable marine management in biosphere reserves and marine parks in Southeast Asia. During a virtual workshop conducted as part of the GCRF (Government’s Global Challenges Research Fund) Blue Communities Project, future scenarios were developed depicting the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on five case study sites. All of these sites are in areas of internationally recognized outstanding ecological value (T...

Characterizing forest reduction in Ketapang district, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

We have characterized deforestation in the Ketapang district forests when we implemented the Oran... more We have characterized deforestation in the Ketapang district forests when we implemented the Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Conservation in Trans-boundary Landscape between Central and West Kalimantan provinces. For the purpose of evaluating the changes in land use and land cover in the study areas, a series of Landsat imageries have been analyzed. Each of the Landsat imagery data set for all study areas was initially classified using unsupervised classification into 13 different land-cover types. Ground truth checks were undertaken for Ketapang district forests and Sungai Puteri peat swamp forest, from which the results were used for the supervised land use classification of these two study areas. Between 1992 and 2000 there was only small conversion of primary forest into secondary forests. During this period barren land remained extensive about 30.17% of the total area of Ketapang district. Both agriculture and plantation areas substantially increased 56% and 55% respectively during 2003, while at the same time the extent of both primary and peat swamp forests were considerably reduced up to 15% and 28% respectively. The most striking conversion was from secondary forest to agricultural land and from peat swamp forest to swamp areas. A fraction of lowland forest was also converted into oil-palm plantation which was extended with considerable size into agricultural land. The patterns of land use changes detected in this study indicated a number of possible causes that trigger deforestation in this district include, the local government policy and market demand.

We observed and recorded the behaviours of gibbons undergoing rehabilitation, before and after re... more We observed and recorded the behaviours of gibbons undergoing rehabilitation, before and after release, to document the behavioural and social changes of gibbons in the rehabilitation program and develop criteria for determining the suitability of a pair of gib-bons for release. Hylobates albibarbis were observed at the Kalaweit Gibbon Rehabilita-tion Project in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were collected on animals both pre- and post-release and on wild gibbons for comparison. Data presented here show that reintroduced gibbons are capable of surviving without human intervention. In addition, their behaviour is similar to that of wild gibbons in terms of activity budgets, position in the canopy, body posture, pair association (PA) and diet. Prior to this study, no attempt has been made to quantify the rehabilitation process for gibbons, and rehabilitation project personnel require data reporting all aspects of a release so that improvements can be made. It is important to report thes...

Population study of parrots (Psittacidae) in Central Halmahera, Bacan Island and South Seram, Indonesia

Towards sustainable marine and coastal planning for Taka Bonerate Kepulauan Selayar Biosphere Reserve: Indonesian case study to The Global Challenge Research Fund Blue Communities Project

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

Global Challenge Research Fund (GCRF) Blue Communities is a 4 year research and capacity building... more Global Challenge Research Fund (GCRF) Blue Communities is a 4 year research and capacity building project for sustainable interactions with marine ecosystems for the benefit of the health, wellbeing, food security and livelihoods of coastal communities in East and South East Asia. Kepulauan Selayar (Selayar Islands), including Taka Bonerate as a Biosphere Reserve and part of the UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Network has been selected as a case study site for the GCRF Blue Communities project in Indonesia. A single case study approach with mixed methods are used to generate knowledge, identify knowledge gap, and triangulate findings. The ongoing research has collated up-to-date knowledge on: (1) current natural resources management strategy in place and what should be adopted in the future and (2) current and projected profile of energy demand-supply. In the next phases of delivery it will inform policy makers and implementers of the mechanisms to optimise sustainable livelihood s...

Biology and Behaviour of Released Gibbons

We observed and recorded the behaviours of gibbons undergoing rehabilitation, before and after re... more We observed and recorded the behaviours of gibbons undergoing rehabilitation, before and after release, to document the behavioural and social changes of gibbons in the rehabilitation program and develop criteria for determining the suitability of a pair of gibbons for release. Hylobates albibarbis were observed at the Kalaweit Gibbon Rehabilitation Project in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were collected on animals both pre-and postrelease and on wild gibbons for comparison. Data presented here show that reintroduced gibbons are capable of surviving without human intervention. In addition, their behaviour is similar to that of wild gibbons in terms of activity budgets, position in the canopy, body posture, pair association (PA) and diet. Prior to this study, no attempt has been made to quantify the rehabilitation process for gibbons, and rehabilitation project personnel require data reporting all aspects of a release so that improvements can be made. It is important to report these data for the beneWt of future releases. Criteria, based on the behaviour of wild gibbons, are proposed to assist rehabilitation centers in assessing the suitability of gibbon pairs for release.

The Sulawesi Primate Project-Preliminary Progress Report

Use of forest strata by the Sumatran orang-utans: A consideration of functional aspects

Differences in travel height between age-sex classes of the Sumatran orangutans are determined by... more Differences in travel height between age-sex classes of the Sumatran orangutans are determined by locomotory efficiency in relation to body weight. The distribution of travel height in relation to resting heights suggests also possible influence of predation. Travel height does hardly restrain diet choice, because differences in diet between sexes are not associated with differences in strata utilization with regard to feeding.

Geographic and sex differences in positional behavior of orangutans

van Hooff JARAM. 1987

… Hooff JARAM (1987). Ecological constraints on the grouping of wild-orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in …

Int J Primatol

Building bridges between natural and social science disciplines: a standardized methodology to combine data on ecosystem quality trends

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Despite a growing interest in interdisciplinary research, systematic ways of how to integrate dat... more Despite a growing interest in interdisciplinary research, systematic ways of how to integrate data from different disciplines are still scarce. We argue that successful resource management relies on two key data sources: natural science data, which represents ecosystem structure and processes, and social science data, which describes people's perceptions and understanding. Both are vital, mutually complementing information sources that can underpin the development of feasible and effective policies and management interventions. To harvest the added value of combined knowledge, a uniform scaling system is needed. In this paper, we propose a standardized methodology to connect and explore different types of quantitative data from the natural and social sciences reflecting temporal trends in ecosystem quality. We demonstrate this methodology with different types of data such as fisheries stocks and mangrove cover on the one hand and community's perceptions on the other. The exa...

Polycentricity in Practice: Marine Governance Transitions in Southeast Asia

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022

Environmental governance systems are expanding in size and complexity as they become more integra... more Environmental governance systems are expanding in size and complexity as they become more integrated and ecosystem-based. In doing so, governance transitions often involve more actors and knowingly or unknowingly alter the autonomy of actors to make decisions and thereby the ability of the governance system to self-organise. In short, we argue that these governance systems are becoming increasingly polycentric, moving towards an institutional structure that is reported to confer a number of benefits to social-ecological systems. This article adds to a growing body of evidence on transitions towards polycentric environmental governance in practice. It adds nuance to the normative and apolitical portrayals of governance transitions, in general, and polycentric governance transitions in particular. We analyse the relations amongst actors and historical development of four large-scale marine governance systems in Southeast Asia to understand how context, particularly power, shapes the emergence and evolution of various degrees of polycentric marine governance in practice. Our data indicate that transitions towards polycentricity do confer diversity and autonomy of decision-making centres, which can enable more innovation or flexibility to respond to changing circumstances. However, polycentric innovation does not always underpin sustainability and equity. Coordination mechanisms are critical for channelling the power dynamics that emerge among polycentric actors towards sustainability. Yet, in these emergent, ad hoc polycentric transitions such mechanisms remained nascent, ineffective or inactive. In low- and middle-income contexts the transaction costs involved in co-ordinating a semi-autonomous polycentric system are considerably more difficult to overcome and need investment in resources and accountability mechanisms.

Status Populasi Satwa Primata di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung dan Daerah Penyangga, Kalimantan Barat

Enam belas lokasi yang berbeda telah disurvei di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung dan sekitarnya deng... more Enam belas lokasi yang berbeda telah disurvei di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung dan sekitarnya dengan luas tertutup total hampir 45.000 ha. Indikasi ancaman terhadap habitat primata juga diteliti pada setiap lokasi yang disurvei. Telah ditemukan bahwa di daerah di mana pengawasan hutan secara intensif dilaksanakan, kepadatan primata terutama lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan daerah yang tidak ada patroli reguler. Kepadatan tertinggi (3,7 individual/km2) orangutan ditemukan di Sungai Bayas, bagian dari Taman Nasional Gunung Palung, sedangkan kepadatan tinggi berikutnya (2,3 individual/km2) ditemukan di Lubuk Kuali, bagian dari masyarakat hutan. Spesies primata lain yang ditemukan selama survei ini adalah monyet ekor panjang, langurs, owa, dan monyet belalai. Spesies ini kebanyakan terjadi di dalam kawasan konservasi. Analisis ancaman menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan primata relatif lebih baik di kawasan konservasi dan hutan masyarakat bukan di hutan lindung. Meskipun status situs sebagai hutan lindung, tidak ada unit manajemen yang ada di daerah tersebut. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan ilegal banyak terjadi yang menyebabkan penurunan populasi primata. Kegiatan ilegal yang paling sering ditemui adalah penebangan diikuti oleh konversi hutan untuk berburu dan tanaman pertanian atau tanaman.

Estimates of Orangutan Distribution and Status in Sumatra

The Neglected Ape, 1995

At the Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (PHVA) Workshop for orangutans, estimates of hab... more At the Population and Habitat Viability Analysis (PHVA) Workshop for orangutans, estimates of habitat and population numbers for Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) were derived from field biologists who studied, or are presently studying, orangutans at Ketambe in Gunung Leuser National Park. For Sumatra, the exact boundaries of orangutan distribution are not known, but there are several distinct populations, including the lesser-known Singkil population and the Sembabala-Dolok Sembelin population. The Greater Leuser orangutan population, which extends beyond the national park boundaries, is thought to cover approximately 11,710 km2 and has two distinct populations. Using a correction or “safety” factor to derive population estimates, the western population is thought to number 5,700 individuals, and is the most important orangutan population in Sumatra; the eastern population is thought to number 3,500 individuals. Within the restricted boundaries of Gunung Leuser National Park, the area covered by the western population is 5,570 km2 and the corrected population size is about 3,450 individuals; the area covered by the eastern population is 2,957 km2 and the corrected population size is about 2,400 individuals. The total number of orangutans in the park probably is about 5,850 individuals. The Greater Leuser populations were judged to be among the strongest in Southeast Asia, in terms of numbers and potential for protection. Gunung Leuser National Park was considered to be the most vital habitat to the long-term survival of the Sumatran orangutan.

Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan ( Pongo spp.) on Borneo and Sumatra: how many remain?

Oryx, 2008

In recognition of the fact that orang-utans (Pongo spp.) are severely threatened, a meeting of or... more In recognition of the fact that orang-utans (Pongo spp.) are severely threatened, a meeting of orangutan experts and conservationists, representatives of national and regional governmental and non-governmental organizations, and other stakeholders, was convened in Jakarta, Indonesia, in January 2004. Prior to this meeting we surveyed all large areas for which orang-utan population status was unknown. Compilation of all survey data produced a comprehensive picture of orang-utan distribution on both Borneo and Sumatra. These results indicate that in 2004 there were c. 6,500 P. abelii remaining on Sumatra and at least 54,000 P. pygmaeus on Borneo. Extrapolating to 2008 on the basis of forest loss on both islands suggests the estimate for Borneo could be 10% too high but that for Sumatra is probably still relatively accurate because forest loss in orang-utan habitat has been low during the conflict in Aceh, where most P. abelii occur. When those population sizes are compared to known historical sizes it is clear that the Sumatran orang-utan is in rapid decline, and unless extraordinary efforts are made soon, it could become the first great ape species to go extinct. In contrast, our results indicate there are more and larger populations of Bornean orang-utans than previously known. Although these revised estimates for Borneo are encouraging, forest loss and associated loss of orang-utans are occurring at an alarming rate, and suggest that recent reductions of Bornean orang-utan populations have been far more severe than previously supposed. Nevertheless, although orang-utans on both islands are under threat, we highlight some reasons for cautious optimism for their long-term conservation.

Ecological constraints on the grouping of wild orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus) in the Gunung Leuser National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia

International Journal of Primatology, 1987

Sugardjito, te Boekhorst, and van Hooff tecting females against sexually aggressive subadult male... more

Nesolagus netscheri

Islet cell antibodies in Sulawesi macaques

American Journal of Primatology, 1999

Older monkeys of the Sulawesian species Macaca nigra spontaneously develop a lesion in the pancre... more Older monkeys of the Sulawesian species Macaca nigra spontaneously develop a lesion in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in which there is deposition of amyloid and gradual degeneration of all cells, which can lead eventually to development of diabetes mellitus. Islet cell antibodies (ICA), formed in response to the release of cellular antigens, can be used to detect the islet lesion and to monitor the progression of each monkey toward diabetes. Numerous M. nigra and one M. tonkeana in captivity have been tested, but it is unknown whether the islet lesion occurs in monkeys in their natural habitat of Sulawesi. Blood samples collected from M. maurus, M. tonkeana, and hybrid M. maurus/tonkeana were assayed for ICA. When all monkeys were considered together, 33% had ICA positive against beta cells and 14% had ICA positive against alpha and/or D cells. Appearance of ICA in blood of males was virtually the same as in females. These results are similar to those found in M. nigra examined in captivity. Since all Sulawesian species share a common genetic heritage, these results would support the appearance of this lesion in their natural habitat. Cause(s) for formation of the lesion and eventual development of diabetes are unknown. There may be genetic factors or genetic predisposition to environmental factors. If environmental factors are responsible, then they must be present not only in the wild, but either carried with the monkeys or universally available, since M. nigra born in captivity also develop the lesion and diabetes after physical maturity at ca. 7+ years.

Habitat destruction and poaching threaten the Sumatran tiger in Kerinci Seblat National Park, Sumatra

Oryx, 2003

The Sumatran tiger, categorized as Critically of TPCU patrol size from the number of arrests, and... more The Sumatran tiger, categorized as Critically of TPCU patrol size from the number of arrests, and chainsaw and snare trap confiscations per patrol. The Endangered on the 2002 IUCN Red List, is threatened by poaching for domestic and international markets, by success of forest patrols increased with the number of TPCU staC per patrol. We looked at general law enforce-prey depletion from human hunting and by habitat loss from illegal and commercial logging, oil palm pro-ment for KSNP, which appeared to be inadequate. To reduce the threat posed by poaching and illegal logging duction, pioneer farming, mining operations and forest fires. Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP) in west-central extra TPCU staC are required for patrols, and extra patrol units are required for the northern and southern sections Sumatra still has large blocks of forest that support tiger populations. In this paper we present information on of the Park. In KSNP it is necessary to monitor habitat loss, establish an unambiguous scheme to mitigate human-photo-trapping and tiger distribution in KSNP and adjoining forest. Tigers were found to be present in all tiger conflict, and develop a photo-trapping programme to monitor the tiger population. habitat types across KSNP. The poaching pressures on tigers and their prey species were evaluated from confiscations of snare traps by Tiger Protection and Keywords Deforestation, human-tiger conflict, Kerinci Seblat National Park, Panthera tigris sumatrae, poaching, Conservation Units (TPCU). Poaching pressures were found to be highest for muntjac, then sambar, tiger, and Sumatran tiger. serow and mouse deer. We determined the eCectiveness 1980). Furthermore, the body parts of some carnivores

Looking Through the COVID-19 Window of Opportunity: Future Scenarios Arising From the COVID-19 Pandemic Across Five Case Study Sites

Frontiers in Psychology, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused (and continues to cause) severe disruption in global and local e... more The COVID-19 pandemic has caused (and continues to cause) severe disruption in global and local economies and has forced countries, societies, and individuals to adapt quickly to the unprecedented and unpredictable situations. Despite the obvious negative consequences of the pandemic, many have called for efforts to identify transformative opportunities for sustainable development throughout this disorderly time. In the present paper, we explore such potential opportunities in the context of an interdisciplinary, international research project, which is focusing on sustainable marine management in biosphere reserves and marine parks in Southeast Asia. During a virtual workshop conducted as part of the GCRF (Government’s Global Challenges Research Fund) Blue Communities Project, future scenarios were developed depicting the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on five case study sites. All of these sites are in areas of internationally recognized outstanding ecological value (T...

Characterizing forest reduction in Ketapang district, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

We have characterized deforestation in the Ketapang district forests when we implemented the Oran... more We have characterized deforestation in the Ketapang district forests when we implemented the Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Conservation in Trans-boundary Landscape between Central and West Kalimantan provinces. For the purpose of evaluating the changes in land use and land cover in the study areas, a series of Landsat imageries have been analyzed. Each of the Landsat imagery data set for all study areas was initially classified using unsupervised classification into 13 different land-cover types. Ground truth checks were undertaken for Ketapang district forests and Sungai Puteri peat swamp forest, from which the results were used for the supervised land use classification of these two study areas. Between 1992 and 2000 there was only small conversion of primary forest into secondary forests. During this period barren land remained extensive about 30.17% of the total area of Ketapang district. Both agriculture and plantation areas substantially increased 56% and 55% respectively during 2003, while at the same time the extent of both primary and peat swamp forests were considerably reduced up to 15% and 28% respectively. The most striking conversion was from secondary forest to agricultural land and from peat swamp forest to swamp areas. A fraction of lowland forest was also converted into oil-palm plantation which was extended with considerable size into agricultural land. The patterns of land use changes detected in this study indicated a number of possible causes that trigger deforestation in this district include, the local government policy and market demand.

We observed and recorded the behaviours of gibbons undergoing rehabilitation, before and after re... more We observed and recorded the behaviours of gibbons undergoing rehabilitation, before and after release, to document the behavioural and social changes of gibbons in the rehabilitation program and develop criteria for determining the suitability of a pair of gib-bons for release. Hylobates albibarbis were observed at the Kalaweit Gibbon Rehabilita-tion Project in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were collected on animals both pre- and post-release and on wild gibbons for comparison. Data presented here show that reintroduced gibbons are capable of surviving without human intervention. In addition, their behaviour is similar to that of wild gibbons in terms of activity budgets, position in the canopy, body posture, pair association (PA) and diet. Prior to this study, no attempt has been made to quantify the rehabilitation process for gibbons, and rehabilitation project personnel require data reporting all aspects of a release so that improvements can be made. It is important to report thes...

Population study of parrots (Psittacidae) in Central Halmahera, Bacan Island and South Seram, Indonesia

Towards sustainable marine and coastal planning for Taka Bonerate Kepulauan Selayar Biosphere Reserve: Indonesian case study to The Global Challenge Research Fund Blue Communities Project

IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

Global Challenge Research Fund (GCRF) Blue Communities is a 4 year research and capacity building... more Global Challenge Research Fund (GCRF) Blue Communities is a 4 year research and capacity building project for sustainable interactions with marine ecosystems for the benefit of the health, wellbeing, food security and livelihoods of coastal communities in East and South East Asia. Kepulauan Selayar (Selayar Islands), including Taka Bonerate as a Biosphere Reserve and part of the UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Network has been selected as a case study site for the GCRF Blue Communities project in Indonesia. A single case study approach with mixed methods are used to generate knowledge, identify knowledge gap, and triangulate findings. The ongoing research has collated up-to-date knowledge on: (1) current natural resources management strategy in place and what should be adopted in the future and (2) current and projected profile of energy demand-supply. In the next phases of delivery it will inform policy makers and implementers of the mechanisms to optimise sustainable livelihood s...

Biology and Behaviour of Released Gibbons

We observed and recorded the behaviours of gibbons undergoing rehabilitation, before and after re... more We observed and recorded the behaviours of gibbons undergoing rehabilitation, before and after release, to document the behavioural and social changes of gibbons in the rehabilitation program and develop criteria for determining the suitability of a pair of gibbons for release. Hylobates albibarbis were observed at the Kalaweit Gibbon Rehabilitation Project in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data were collected on animals both pre-and postrelease and on wild gibbons for comparison. Data presented here show that reintroduced gibbons are capable of surviving without human intervention. In addition, their behaviour is similar to that of wild gibbons in terms of activity budgets, position in the canopy, body posture, pair association (PA) and diet. Prior to this study, no attempt has been made to quantify the rehabilitation process for gibbons, and rehabilitation project personnel require data reporting all aspects of a release so that improvements can be made. It is important to report these data for the beneWt of future releases. Criteria, based on the behaviour of wild gibbons, are proposed to assist rehabilitation centers in assessing the suitability of gibbon pairs for release.

The Sulawesi Primate Project-Preliminary Progress Report

Use of forest strata by the Sumatran orang-utans: A consideration of functional aspects

Differences in travel height between age-sex classes of the Sumatran orangutans are determined by... more Differences in travel height between age-sex classes of the Sumatran orangutans are determined by locomotory efficiency in relation to body weight. The distribution of travel height in relation to resting heights suggests also possible influence of predation. Travel height does hardly restrain diet choice, because differences in diet between sexes are not associated with differences in strata utilization with regard to feeding.

Geographic and sex differences in positional behavior of orangutans

van Hooff JARAM. 1987