With an estimated two billion people being carriers of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the ... more With an estimated two billion people being carriers of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the gains achieved by increasing access to diagnostics and treatment, although substantial, have had a modest impact on the global burden of tuberculosis (TB). At the same time, increased access to treatment has had the unintended consequence that drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) has increased dramatically. Earlier TB control strategies strongly emphasizing medical treatment have failed to address these issues effectively. The current strategy to eliminate TB by 2050 is accompanied by a call for a paradigm shift, emphasizing patient rights and equity more. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Odisha, India, and global-level TB conferences, this paper contrasts the dynamics of global health policy and strategy-making with the lived realities of patients with DR-TB. A more thorough rethinking of the biosocial dynamics that impact the pathogenic disease is required to develop a comprehensive paradigm sh...
How do epidemics spread? The short, standard answer is through contagion. For most infectious dis... more How do epidemics spread? The short, standard answer is through contagion. For most infectious disease epidemics, we are well aware that this happens through the transfer of microbes between people or between animals and humans. The COVID-19 pandemic has made this clear all around the globe, and many people have become increasingly aware of epidemic dynamics and concepts. Yet not all epidemics can be attributed to infection. A large part of the global burden of disease is due to so-called noncommunicable diseases.1 How do these and other non-infectious conditions spread? Can they even be termed epidemic and contagious? This book offers ways to think about and expand our understanding of contagion beyond typical notions of infectious pandemics, beyond viral emergencies, to include the larger field of biosocial epidemics. Fundamentally we challenge the notion of noncommunicability (Seeberg and Meinert 2015), as it seems to render the epidemic spread of other forms of disease impossible...
Narrativ analyse bruges ofte i medicinsk antropologi til at undersoge patienters syge‑ og be‑ han... more Narrativ analyse bruges ofte i medicinsk antropologi til at undersoge patienters syge‑ og be‑ handlingsforlob retrospektivt. Mattingly har med inspiration fra faenomenologien introdu‑ ceret narrativ analyse af det terapeutiske nu set i forhold til en narrativt organiseret villet fremtid. Denne artikel undersoger, hvorledes et bestemt aspekt af behandlerkommunikation – nemlig statistisk defineret risiko ved tvillingegraviditet – udgraenses fra behandlings‑ fortaellingerne af par i barnhoshedsbehandling. Risikostatistik fungerer i denne sammenhaeng overvejende som ‘ikke‑viden’, der truer med at underminere handlingsmuligheder for parrene pa en sadan made, at de investerer negative folelser i statistiske oplysninger og udvikler effektive modstrategier for at kunne fastholde arbejdet med at na frem mod deres mal i en grundlaeggende positiv fortaelling rettet mod en lykkelig fremtid med mindst et og helst to velskabte born. Derimod accepteres oplevede farer ...
Biosocial Worlds presents state-of-the-art contributions to anthropological reflections on the po... more Biosocial Worlds presents state-of-the-art contributions to anthropological reflections on the porous boundaries between human and non-human life – biosocial worlds. Based on changing understandings of biology and the social, it explores what it means to be human in these worlds. Growing separation of scientific disciplines for more than a century has maintained a separation of the ‘natural’ and the ‘social’ that has created a space for projections between the two. Such projections carry a directional causality and so constitute powerful means to establish discursive authority. While arguing against the separation of the biological and the social in the study of human and non-human life, it remains important to unfold the consequences of their discursive separation. Based on examples from Botswana, Denmark, Mexico, the Netherlands, Uganda, the UK and USA, the volume explores what has been created in the space between ‘the social’ and ‘the natural’, with a view to rethink ‘the biosoc...
The acronym of MAGAART contains the initials of all the universities-Maseno (Kenya), Aarhus (Denm... more The acronym of MAGAART contains the initials of all the universities-Maseno (Kenya), Aarhus (Denmark) Gulu (Uganda), Aalborg (Denmark), Roskilde (Denmark) and Tribhuvan (Nepal)that in 2014 joined hands in an innovative and interesting experiment: Using E-learning to strengthen PhD-training across the three continents of Africa, Asia and Europe. This project was an offspring from an earlier collaboration initiated in 2011 under the name "Building Stronger Universities" (BSU), where a Danish-led and Danida-funded initiative to strengthen research capacity in selected universities in four African countries and Nepal had been organised in thematic platforms. The platform for Humanities and Social Science research focused on stability, democracy and rights, the themes that have also organised this volume. During the BSU phase 1 project, a number of talented researchers had been identified at each south partner university and awarded a full PhD grant. The grants enabled for study stays in Denmark and collaborative south-north supervision, adopting a so-called sandwich model. Building on such existing collaboration, the MAGAART project developed a series of training activities that targeted this cohort of BSU PhD students but also allowed for other participants. PhD courses covered topics such as methods and data analysis, academic writing, conflict management, academic publication, use of qualitative software for analysis, and study tours to Denmark for PhD students, for their supervisors and for senior university managers. E-learning was used in the PhD courses in two distinct ways. Firstly, it was used to extend face-to-face workshops temporally, i.e. to stimulate learning and interaction pre and post workshops. In such workshops, the target group of each individual course would be limited to PhD students who could be physically present in the main workshop event, whereas facilitators could come from any university in the project. Secondly, E-learning was used to extend participation across space. A series of three workshops on methods and analysis was conducted with one south partner university hosting the face-to-face workshop and PhD students from the two other south partner universities participating online. Each south university hosted one of the three workshops in this course. The ability to interact and engage across countries and continents widened the perspective and academic outlook of participants and facilitations alike, and stimulated academic growth. Video conferencing facilitated meetings and consultations on administration and implementation of the planned activities.
En epidemi er ikke en naturgiven enhed, men et faenomen som defineres af den statistisk baserede ... more En epidemi er ikke en naturgiven enhed, men et faenomen som defineres af den statistisk baserede ekspertviden, som epidemiologien kan levere. Epidemien er per definition et socialt (modsat individuelt) faenomen, og det er et politisk ladet faenomen. Epidemier er genstand for samfundsmaessige interventioner, og epidemiologien er er form for 'sygdomspolitologi'. Denne artikel handler om tuberkuloseepidemien i Orissa og isaer om Danidas tuberkulosekontrolprojekt i Indien, DANTB, som fungerede fra 1997 til udgangen af 2005. Projektet undersoges som politisk faenomen, hvis liv og for tidlige dod ma forstas i lyset af andre politiske begivenheder i forholdet mellem Danmark og Indien, begivenheder som intet i ovrigt har med tuberkulose i Orissa at gore.
Authors' objectives The 1997 guideline from the Danish National Board of Health recommends th... more Authors' objectives The 1997 guideline from the Danish National Board of Health recommends that a maximum of two fresh embryos should be transferred in the same treatment. The couple should also be involved in the decision-making process and therefore needs to receive the necessary information. The purpose of the guideline is to minimize the number of transferred embryos and at the same time ensure that the treatment meets the couples' desire of having a child.
CD4-cells play a vital part for the body’s capability to overcome diseases. As a result of HIV-in... more CD4-cells play a vital part for the body’s capability to overcome diseases. As a result of HIV-infection these cells are destroyed. Counts of the cells inform both the doctor and the HIV-infected person of the progress of the HIV-infection which may otherwise be unnoticed during the so-called latency period. The article analyzes the different and partly contradictory interpretations of CD4-counts throughout the course of the HIV-infection as well as their different potential for objectivization and corresponding possibilities for taking action. The article points to the necessity for medical doctors to acknowledge the symbolic content of the clinical tests rather than dismiss their patients’ worries as unfounded in physiological and bodily changes.
This article explores the spread of tuberculosis, the fear of infection as well as rejection and ... more This article explores the spread of tuberculosis, the fear of infection as well as rejection and care across family ties and doctor-patient relationships based on a case study in Odisha, India. Social contagion is seen as the communication of the phenomenal in ways that reproduce perceptions, feelings or the faculty of will in another person, involving modifications of intensity, meaning and context. This paper discusses the impact of the social contagion of fear in relation to drug-resistant tuberculosis. It shows how such contagion can be stimulated by medical doctors and severely disrupt kinship ties with a serious negative impact on the course of treatment. The paper argues that in such cases, social contagion and biological infection become mutually reinforcing through a vicious cycle: the former may undermine necessary social support embedded in family relations, thereby allowing the latter to thrive and in turn cause more fear in the patient and her family.
This article argues that the concept of communicability that is central to the distinction betwee... more This article argues that the concept of communicability that is central to the distinction between communicable diseases (CDs) and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is poorly conceptualized. The epidemic spread of NCDs such as diabetes, depression, and eating disorders demonstrates that they are communicable, even if they are not infectious. We need to more critically explore how they might be communicable in specific environments. All diseases with epidemic potential, we argue, should be assumed to be communicable in a broader sense, and that the underlying medical distinction between infectious and noninfectious diseases confuses our understanding of NCD epidemics when these categories are treated as synonymous with ‘communicable’ and ‘noncommunicable’ diseases, respectively. The dominant role accorded to the concept of ‘lifestyle’, with its focus on individual responsibility, is part of the problem, rather than the solution, and the labelling of some NCDs as ‘lifestyle diseases’ is...
Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, 2017
Autism has been described as an epidemic, but this claim is contested and may point to an awarene... more Autism has been described as an epidemic, but this claim is contested and may point to an awareness epidemic, i.e. changes in the definition of what autism is and more attention being invested in diagnosis leading to a rise in registered cases. The sex ratio of children diagnosed with autism is skewed in favour of boys, and girls with autism tend to be diagnosed much later than boys. Building and further developing the notion of ‘configuration’ of epidemics, this article explores the configuration of autism in Denmark, with a particular focus on the health system and social support to families with children diagnosed with autism, seen from a parental perspective.The article points to diagnostic dynamics that contribute to explaining why girls with autism are not diagnosed as easily as boys. We unfold these dynamics through the analysis of a case of a Danish family with autism.
Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, 2017
Forekomsten af såkaldt ikke-smitsomme sygdomme som eksempelvis cancer, diabetes, mentale sygdomme... more Forekomsten af såkaldt ikke-smitsomme sygdomme som eksempelvis cancer, diabetes, mentale sygdomme og tilstande som overvægt og selvskade er globalt set stigende i disse årtier og epidemisk i karakter – det vil sige i hastig udbredelse i populationer i givne områder (se Meinert og Seeberg 2008). Dette rejser en problemstilling om, hvordan disse ikke-smitsomme sygdomme og fænomener spreder sig, når dette ikke sker via klassisk biologisk smitte eller infektion.
Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, 2009
Med udgangspunkt i det forhold, at naturvidenskabelig metode ofte også er kvalitativ – baseret på... more Med udgangspunkt i det forhold, at naturvidenskabelig metode ofte også er kvalitativ – baseret på formbestemmelse og afhængig af fortolkning – diskuteres nogle af de misforståelser, som af og til præger diskussioner af objektivitet og generalisérbarhed i kvalitativ analyse. Kvalitativ forskning kan bestemmes i relation til en række forskellige videnskabelige ræsonneringsstile, men det er kun få ræsonneringsstile der kan anvendes til at vurdere kvaliteten af kvalitativ forskning. Begrebet objektivitet bestemmes med inspiration fra Latour som genstandsfeltets mulighed for at yde modstand mod den analytiske ramme. Dette objektivitetsbegreb er fælles for human, social og naturvidenskab og indebærer et radikalt opgør med forestillingen om at kvalitativ metode er mere ’subjektiv’ end kvantitativ metode. Derimod er kvalitativ forskning bedre stillet til at forstå kontekstuelle forhold, herunder forskerens position i forhold til det studerede. Kontekstens rolle hvad angår analysens generell...
ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored the implications of urban resettlement among low income ... more ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored the implications of urban resettlement among low income elderly people residing in Phitsanulok. Twelve persons participated who had moved from raft houses to an urban periphery area by order of a provincial committee. Key informants were also identified. Data collection (participant observation and in-depth interviews) was conducted during December 2005 to October 2006 and analysis was performed using content analysis. The study showed that the resettlement caused difficulties with adjusting to new living arrangements, economic hardships and physical and mental health problems. Health care was largely managed in the folk and popular sectors. If this was ineffective, the professional sector would be sought. In most cases, the traditional Thai pattern of elderly living with their children was maintained. However, elderly people are particularly vulnerable to illness and regular home visits by health care staff to facilitate communication and tr...
With an estimated two billion people being carriers of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the ... more With an estimated two billion people being carriers of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), the gains achieved by increasing access to diagnostics and treatment, although substantial, have had a modest impact on the global burden of tuberculosis (TB). At the same time, increased access to treatment has had the unintended consequence that drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) has increased dramatically. Earlier TB control strategies strongly emphasizing medical treatment have failed to address these issues effectively. The current strategy to eliminate TB by 2050 is accompanied by a call for a paradigm shift, emphasizing patient rights and equity more. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Odisha, India, and global-level TB conferences, this paper contrasts the dynamics of global health policy and strategy-making with the lived realities of patients with DR-TB. A more thorough rethinking of the biosocial dynamics that impact the pathogenic disease is required to develop a comprehensive paradigm sh...
How do epidemics spread? The short, standard answer is through contagion. For most infectious dis... more How do epidemics spread? The short, standard answer is through contagion. For most infectious disease epidemics, we are well aware that this happens through the transfer of microbes between people or between animals and humans. The COVID-19 pandemic has made this clear all around the globe, and many people have become increasingly aware of epidemic dynamics and concepts. Yet not all epidemics can be attributed to infection. A large part of the global burden of disease is due to so-called noncommunicable diseases.1 How do these and other non-infectious conditions spread? Can they even be termed epidemic and contagious? This book offers ways to think about and expand our understanding of contagion beyond typical notions of infectious pandemics, beyond viral emergencies, to include the larger field of biosocial epidemics. Fundamentally we challenge the notion of noncommunicability (Seeberg and Meinert 2015), as it seems to render the epidemic spread of other forms of disease impossible...
Narrativ analyse bruges ofte i medicinsk antropologi til at undersoge patienters syge‑ og be‑ han... more Narrativ analyse bruges ofte i medicinsk antropologi til at undersoge patienters syge‑ og be‑ handlingsforlob retrospektivt. Mattingly har med inspiration fra faenomenologien introdu‑ ceret narrativ analyse af det terapeutiske nu set i forhold til en narrativt organiseret villet fremtid. Denne artikel undersoger, hvorledes et bestemt aspekt af behandlerkommunikation – nemlig statistisk defineret risiko ved tvillingegraviditet – udgraenses fra behandlings‑ fortaellingerne af par i barnhoshedsbehandling. Risikostatistik fungerer i denne sammenhaeng overvejende som ‘ikke‑viden’, der truer med at underminere handlingsmuligheder for parrene pa en sadan made, at de investerer negative folelser i statistiske oplysninger og udvikler effektive modstrategier for at kunne fastholde arbejdet med at na frem mod deres mal i en grundlaeggende positiv fortaelling rettet mod en lykkelig fremtid med mindst et og helst to velskabte born. Derimod accepteres oplevede farer ...
Biosocial Worlds presents state-of-the-art contributions to anthropological reflections on the po... more Biosocial Worlds presents state-of-the-art contributions to anthropological reflections on the porous boundaries between human and non-human life – biosocial worlds. Based on changing understandings of biology and the social, it explores what it means to be human in these worlds. Growing separation of scientific disciplines for more than a century has maintained a separation of the ‘natural’ and the ‘social’ that has created a space for projections between the two. Such projections carry a directional causality and so constitute powerful means to establish discursive authority. While arguing against the separation of the biological and the social in the study of human and non-human life, it remains important to unfold the consequences of their discursive separation. Based on examples from Botswana, Denmark, Mexico, the Netherlands, Uganda, the UK and USA, the volume explores what has been created in the space between ‘the social’ and ‘the natural’, with a view to rethink ‘the biosoc...
The acronym of MAGAART contains the initials of all the universities-Maseno (Kenya), Aarhus (Denm... more The acronym of MAGAART contains the initials of all the universities-Maseno (Kenya), Aarhus (Denmark) Gulu (Uganda), Aalborg (Denmark), Roskilde (Denmark) and Tribhuvan (Nepal)that in 2014 joined hands in an innovative and interesting experiment: Using E-learning to strengthen PhD-training across the three continents of Africa, Asia and Europe. This project was an offspring from an earlier collaboration initiated in 2011 under the name "Building Stronger Universities" (BSU), where a Danish-led and Danida-funded initiative to strengthen research capacity in selected universities in four African countries and Nepal had been organised in thematic platforms. The platform for Humanities and Social Science research focused on stability, democracy and rights, the themes that have also organised this volume. During the BSU phase 1 project, a number of talented researchers had been identified at each south partner university and awarded a full PhD grant. The grants enabled for study stays in Denmark and collaborative south-north supervision, adopting a so-called sandwich model. Building on such existing collaboration, the MAGAART project developed a series of training activities that targeted this cohort of BSU PhD students but also allowed for other participants. PhD courses covered topics such as methods and data analysis, academic writing, conflict management, academic publication, use of qualitative software for analysis, and study tours to Denmark for PhD students, for their supervisors and for senior university managers. E-learning was used in the PhD courses in two distinct ways. Firstly, it was used to extend face-to-face workshops temporally, i.e. to stimulate learning and interaction pre and post workshops. In such workshops, the target group of each individual course would be limited to PhD students who could be physically present in the main workshop event, whereas facilitators could come from any university in the project. Secondly, E-learning was used to extend participation across space. A series of three workshops on methods and analysis was conducted with one south partner university hosting the face-to-face workshop and PhD students from the two other south partner universities participating online. Each south university hosted one of the three workshops in this course. The ability to interact and engage across countries and continents widened the perspective and academic outlook of participants and facilitations alike, and stimulated academic growth. Video conferencing facilitated meetings and consultations on administration and implementation of the planned activities.
En epidemi er ikke en naturgiven enhed, men et faenomen som defineres af den statistisk baserede ... more En epidemi er ikke en naturgiven enhed, men et faenomen som defineres af den statistisk baserede ekspertviden, som epidemiologien kan levere. Epidemien er per definition et socialt (modsat individuelt) faenomen, og det er et politisk ladet faenomen. Epidemier er genstand for samfundsmaessige interventioner, og epidemiologien er er form for 'sygdomspolitologi'. Denne artikel handler om tuberkuloseepidemien i Orissa og isaer om Danidas tuberkulosekontrolprojekt i Indien, DANTB, som fungerede fra 1997 til udgangen af 2005. Projektet undersoges som politisk faenomen, hvis liv og for tidlige dod ma forstas i lyset af andre politiske begivenheder i forholdet mellem Danmark og Indien, begivenheder som intet i ovrigt har med tuberkulose i Orissa at gore.
Authors' objectives The 1997 guideline from the Danish National Board of Health recommends th... more Authors' objectives The 1997 guideline from the Danish National Board of Health recommends that a maximum of two fresh embryos should be transferred in the same treatment. The couple should also be involved in the decision-making process and therefore needs to receive the necessary information. The purpose of the guideline is to minimize the number of transferred embryos and at the same time ensure that the treatment meets the couples' desire of having a child.
CD4-cells play a vital part for the body’s capability to overcome diseases. As a result of HIV-in... more CD4-cells play a vital part for the body’s capability to overcome diseases. As a result of HIV-infection these cells are destroyed. Counts of the cells inform both the doctor and the HIV-infected person of the progress of the HIV-infection which may otherwise be unnoticed during the so-called latency period. The article analyzes the different and partly contradictory interpretations of CD4-counts throughout the course of the HIV-infection as well as their different potential for objectivization and corresponding possibilities for taking action. The article points to the necessity for medical doctors to acknowledge the symbolic content of the clinical tests rather than dismiss their patients’ worries as unfounded in physiological and bodily changes.
This article explores the spread of tuberculosis, the fear of infection as well as rejection and ... more This article explores the spread of tuberculosis, the fear of infection as well as rejection and care across family ties and doctor-patient relationships based on a case study in Odisha, India. Social contagion is seen as the communication of the phenomenal in ways that reproduce perceptions, feelings or the faculty of will in another person, involving modifications of intensity, meaning and context. This paper discusses the impact of the social contagion of fear in relation to drug-resistant tuberculosis. It shows how such contagion can be stimulated by medical doctors and severely disrupt kinship ties with a serious negative impact on the course of treatment. The paper argues that in such cases, social contagion and biological infection become mutually reinforcing through a vicious cycle: the former may undermine necessary social support embedded in family relations, thereby allowing the latter to thrive and in turn cause more fear in the patient and her family.
This article argues that the concept of communicability that is central to the distinction betwee... more This article argues that the concept of communicability that is central to the distinction between communicable diseases (CDs) and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is poorly conceptualized. The epidemic spread of NCDs such as diabetes, depression, and eating disorders demonstrates that they are communicable, even if they are not infectious. We need to more critically explore how they might be communicable in specific environments. All diseases with epidemic potential, we argue, should be assumed to be communicable in a broader sense, and that the underlying medical distinction between infectious and noninfectious diseases confuses our understanding of NCD epidemics when these categories are treated as synonymous with ‘communicable’ and ‘noncommunicable’ diseases, respectively. The dominant role accorded to the concept of ‘lifestyle’, with its focus on individual responsibility, is part of the problem, rather than the solution, and the labelling of some NCDs as ‘lifestyle diseases’ is...
Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, 2017
Autism has been described as an epidemic, but this claim is contested and may point to an awarene... more Autism has been described as an epidemic, but this claim is contested and may point to an awareness epidemic, i.e. changes in the definition of what autism is and more attention being invested in diagnosis leading to a rise in registered cases. The sex ratio of children diagnosed with autism is skewed in favour of boys, and girls with autism tend to be diagnosed much later than boys. Building and further developing the notion of ‘configuration’ of epidemics, this article explores the configuration of autism in Denmark, with a particular focus on the health system and social support to families with children diagnosed with autism, seen from a parental perspective.The article points to diagnostic dynamics that contribute to explaining why girls with autism are not diagnosed as easily as boys. We unfold these dynamics through the analysis of a case of a Danish family with autism.
Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, 2017
Forekomsten af såkaldt ikke-smitsomme sygdomme som eksempelvis cancer, diabetes, mentale sygdomme... more Forekomsten af såkaldt ikke-smitsomme sygdomme som eksempelvis cancer, diabetes, mentale sygdomme og tilstande som overvægt og selvskade er globalt set stigende i disse årtier og epidemisk i karakter – det vil sige i hastig udbredelse i populationer i givne områder (se Meinert og Seeberg 2008). Dette rejser en problemstilling om, hvordan disse ikke-smitsomme sygdomme og fænomener spreder sig, når dette ikke sker via klassisk biologisk smitte eller infektion.
Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, 2009
Med udgangspunkt i det forhold, at naturvidenskabelig metode ofte også er kvalitativ – baseret på... more Med udgangspunkt i det forhold, at naturvidenskabelig metode ofte også er kvalitativ – baseret på formbestemmelse og afhængig af fortolkning – diskuteres nogle af de misforståelser, som af og til præger diskussioner af objektivitet og generalisérbarhed i kvalitativ analyse. Kvalitativ forskning kan bestemmes i relation til en række forskellige videnskabelige ræsonneringsstile, men det er kun få ræsonneringsstile der kan anvendes til at vurdere kvaliteten af kvalitativ forskning. Begrebet objektivitet bestemmes med inspiration fra Latour som genstandsfeltets mulighed for at yde modstand mod den analytiske ramme. Dette objektivitetsbegreb er fælles for human, social og naturvidenskab og indebærer et radikalt opgør med forestillingen om at kvalitativ metode er mere ’subjektiv’ end kvantitativ metode. Derimod er kvalitativ forskning bedre stillet til at forstå kontekstuelle forhold, herunder forskerens position i forhold til det studerede. Kontekstens rolle hvad angår analysens generell...
ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored the implications of urban resettlement among low income ... more ABSTRACT This qualitative study explored the implications of urban resettlement among low income elderly people residing in Phitsanulok. Twelve persons participated who had moved from raft houses to an urban periphery area by order of a provincial committee. Key informants were also identified. Data collection (participant observation and in-depth interviews) was conducted during December 2005 to October 2006 and analysis was performed using content analysis. The study showed that the resettlement caused difficulties with adjusting to new living arrangements, economic hardships and physical and mental health problems. Health care was largely managed in the folk and popular sectors. If this was ineffective, the professional sector would be sought. In most cases, the traditional Thai pattern of elderly living with their children was maintained. However, elderly people are particularly vulnerable to illness and regular home visits by health care staff to facilitate communication and tr...
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Papers by Jens Seeberg