Papers by Jonathan Majamanda
Background Xanthine Oxidase activity may increase plasma urates, superoxide radicals and hydrogen... more Background Xanthine Oxidase activity may increase plasma urates, superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide leading to gout, arthritis and cancer. Allopurinol, a known Xanthine Oxidase inhibitor, is noted to have various adverse effects. Many laboratories are in research projects to find alternative inhibitors of XO including plant sources. Plants are known to contain therapeutically effective agents. A. senegalensis and M. sapientum L are reported to contain phytochemicals with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities. Methods Aqueous extracts of Root bark of A. senegalensis, peels of M. sapientum L and M. pumila were assayed for their inhibitory effects on Xanthine oxidase in vitro Results All aqueous extracts exhibited the presence of flavonoids. A. senegalensis root bark and M sapientum L and M pumila peels were investigated for their effects on Xanthine Oxidase activity. A. senegalensis root bark, M. sapientum L and M. Pumila peel extracts inhibited Xanthi...
Background: Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem worldwide affecting human and animal healt... more Background: Antibiotic resistance is a serious problem worldwide affecting human and animal health. Some bacteria are resistant to more than one antibiotic and this multidrug-resistance is one of the top 10 threats to global health. There is a potential that antibiotic resistant strains are passed on from animals to humans leading to more serious bacterial infections and burden. The study was therefore conducted to determine antibiotic resistant bacterial profile in chickens, cattle, goats and pigs.Methods: Laboratory microbiological experiments were conducted on droppings, mouth, nose and hooves samples obtained from chickens, cattle, goats and pigs from Bvumbwe, Malawi. Gram stain was performed to identify the organisms and biochemical reactions were used to confirm bacterial species. The susceptibility of the bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics in Malawi was done using disk diffusion method. Results: Bacteria were detected in all the 110 (100%) samples. Citrobacter, S...
Cukurova Medical Journal, 2014
Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted through cou... more Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted through coughing, sneezing, laughing and singing. Laboratory workers' risk of infection is 3 to 9 times higher than the general public as they handle potentially infectious samples. Laboratory safety should therefore be prioritized and optimized to provide sufficient safety to laboratory workers. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of the laboratory workers in TB primary microscopy centres in Blantyre urban. Material and Methods: TB primary microscopy centers in Blantyre urban were assessed in aspects of equipment availability, facility layout, and work practice, using a standardized WHO/AFRO ISO 15189 checklist for the developing countries which sets the minimum safety score at ≥80%. Each center was graded according to the score it earned upon assessment. Results: The safety hoods were not functional in Ndirande, Lirangwe and Chileka microscopy centres. No safety hood was found in South Lunzu. In Ndirande and Limbe the exhaust ducts face the patients' waiting area and door to the laboratory, putting them (patients and laboratory technicians) to a greater risk of infection when smear preparation begins. Bangwe, Chilomoni, Ndirande, Chileka, South Lunzu and Limbe microscopy centres had no sputum transportation boxes. Conclusion: There is a great compromised safety in the TB microscopy centers in Blantyre urban. Only one (1) microscopy center out of nine (9) reached the minimum safety requirement representing an 89 percent (%) failure of TB primary microscopy centers to provide safety to laboratory workers. Laboratory conditions and safety procedures in TB primary smear microscopy centres in Blantyre urban are poor. Government and other stake holders should therefore be committed in addressing the safety challenges of TB laboratories in the country (in primary Tb microscopy centres and other referral centres which face the same challenges) to ensure safety to the laboratory workers.
Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted through cou... more Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted through coughing, sneezing, laughing and singing. Laboratory workers' risk of infection is 3 to 9 times higher than the general public as they handle potentially infectious samples. Laboratory safety should therefore be prioritized and optimized to provide sufficient safety to laboratory workers. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of the laboratory workers in TB primary microscopy centres in Blantyre urban. Material and Methods: TB primary microscopy centers in Blantyre urban were assessed in aspects of equipment availability, facility layout, and work practice, using a standardized WHO/AFRO ISO 15189 checklist for the developing countries which sets the minimum safety score at ≥80%. Each center was graded according to the score it earned upon assessment. Results: The safety hoods were not functional in Ndirande, Lirangwe and Chileka microscopy centres. No safety hood was found in S...
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Papers by Jonathan Majamanda