Purpose: This study aims to find out the dual-perspectives on authenticity in English language te... more Purpose: This study aims to find out the dual-perspectives on authenticity in English language teaching. Problem: The concept of authenticity has generated quite a ripple in ESL/EFL classrooms. Contrasting perspectives have emerged over the years in reaction to this concept. Some regard authenticity as an inevitable part of teaching as it provides students with opportunities to interact with reality in the classroom itself, whereas, some others consider it an ambitious construct and suggest approaching it with caution. Method: In order to verify these perspectives, a survey of literature has been done to trace the genesis of authenticity and its various facets. Conclusion: As a result, we have found that a balanced outlook on authenticity is required by the teachers to promote better teaching-learning experiences.
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2017
BACKGROUND Needlestick Injury (NSI) is a major occupational health and safety issue among Healthc... more BACKGROUND Needlestick Injury (NSI) is a major occupational health and safety issue among Healthcare Workers (HCWs). In India, incidence of NSI is high, but surveillance is poor with scarce authentic data. The aim of the study is to determine the occurrence of NSI, its associated factors and assessment of knowledge and practice of preventive measures and post exposure prophylaxis among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 515 HCWs who included doctors, house surgeons, final year medical students, nurses, student nurses and lab technicians of a government sector tertiary care hospital in Kerala. All HCWs of the institution present during the study time were included and only those unwilling to participate excluded. Ethical clearance and administrative permission was obtained along with informed consent from subjects after ensuring confidentiality. Content validated, structured questionnaire consisting of questions regarding demographic data, incidence and prevalence of needlestick injury, circumstances leading to it, response of subjects to NSI and knowledge of study subjects on post exposure prophylaxis was administered to the study subjects. The technique of data collection was self-reporting by the study subjects. Data collected was analysed using statistical software Epi Info 7. RESULTS Overall, 55.7% HCWs had sustained at least one NSI in this hospital, while 35% of them had a NSI during the current year. NSIs were sustained during blood withdrawal (34%), injections (20.5%), suturing (20.2%) and cannula insertion (12%). Recapping the needle (26%) was the most frequent cause followed by collision with others (24%), manipulation of needle in patient (23%) and during/in transit to disposal (10%). Majority (84%) did not report the incident, 8.4% underwent post exposure follow up, 82% of the HCWs were fully hepatitis B vaccinated, 44% had received training, 62% used gloves, 49% recapped needles and 55% followed proper sharp disposal. Significant association was found between NSI and male gender (p <0.001), designation (p <0.001) and years of experience (p <0.05) with interns and those with less than one year's experience at greater risk.
Taking a second-language test is a nervous affair; and in India, test anxiety has silently wreake... more Taking a second-language test is a nervous affair; and in India, test anxiety has silently wreaked havoc on students' psyche. Particularly for students who take public exams in Grades X and XII, anxiety is quite lurid. Given the influence of the obsolete and rigid nature of exams on students' psyche, we believe that a study related to test anxiety will provide useful insights. This paper reports a research conducted with 133 students to find out their level of anxiety related to pre-, during-and post-test stages with a view to studying the impact on students' performance and providing teachers with a better perspective on test-related problems.
Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 1960
Inh alts ii ber sich t Rs wnrdc gczeigt, daB bci der Keaktion von ZmsE-Xde niit Wusscr unter vers... more Inh alts ii ber sich t Rs wnrdc gczeigt, daB bci der Keaktion von ZmsE-Xde niit Wusscr unter verschiedenen Hedingungen &hylen, Acctaldehyd und Spuren von i%thnnol cntstchen. Die Annahmc, daB Bt,hanol als Zwischenprodukt bei dcr Bildung von Rcctaldchyd auftritt, konnte nicht belegt werden.
This essay takes up the question of the dating of the Last Supper and the apparent contradiction ... more This essay takes up the question of the dating of the Last Supper and the apparent contradiction between the Gospel of John and the Synoptic Gospels with regard to the date of the Passover Feast in the year that Jesus died. Our point of departure is Joseph Ratzinger's consideration of the same problem in the second volume of his recent book Jesus of Nazareth, wherein he ultimately concedes the irreconcilability of the two accounts and concludes in favor of the historical accuracy of the Johannine rather the Synoptic chronology. The second part of this essay then takes up and re-proposes the solution to this apparent contradiction given by St Thomas Aquinas. The intervening centuries of 'higher criticism' notwithstanding, Aquinas's solution remains satisfactory inasmuch as it preserves the historical truth of all four Gospel accounts whole and entire, and does so with an historical plausibility and an elegant simplicity that is not forced to rely upon tenuous historical reconstructions. Moreover, there are strong arguments that can be drawn from the Gospel itself and from Jewish laws and customs pertaining to Passover which can be marshaled in favor of Aquinas's interpretation.
The growth of industrial production is a major hallmark in the development of most economies and ... more The growth of industrial production is a major hallmark in the development of most economies and the chief source of this growth is import substitution. While practically all income in Newfoundland was derived from the primary sector prior to 1870, the country made considerable efforts between 1870 and 1914 to stimulate an industrial transformation. By 1914, however, the higher production, employment and income levels enjoyed in other countries with vibrant manufacturing sectors had not been achieved. While trades and manufacturing industries experienced some growth during this period, the rate of expansion was slow. In 1870 small shops produced all of the locally-made goods, but by 1914 a small number of larger mechanized factories dominated the market, and most of the small businesses either disappeared or retailed and repaired imported or local factory-made products. The capital for the larger St. John's factories came chiefly from the retained earnings of the fish merchants. The major city merchants invested moderate sums in a number of incorporated companies protecting their export-import business through limited liability and spreading the risk over a number of different enterprises. Inter-industry linkages within the trades and manufacturing sector and between it and other parts of the Newfoundland economy were rare and most machines and raw materials were imported. While the number of employees grew over the period, unemployment, poor wages and working conditions were common. The trades and manufacturing industries usually produced common and widely used products leaving specialized items to foreign suppliers. The St, John's trades and manufacturing industries were import substitution factories designed to serve the national market. While many of these firms succeeded in capturing the Newfoundland market with the help of the tariff, locational advantages and the nature of some of the products, the market was not large enough to support continued growth. The import substitution model was not suitable for Newfoundland because of the size of the domestic market, the unbalanced availability of resources and raw materials and the inability of the country to prosper as a closed economy. The factories needed large and growing markets for single items in order to reach profitable economies of scale, while consumers demanded a wide variety of products and styles. Practically all inputs used by St. John's trades and manufacturing industries were imported because they were simply not available in Newfoundland. Finally, the country's reliance on the export of fishery and other primary products and its dependence on imported raw materials and finished products established that Newfoundland was not, and was not likely to become, a closed economy capable of generating most of its natural resource and capital requirements, and capable of producing most of its intermediate, capital and consumer goods at a rate comparable to other Western market economies. Import substitution, therefore, was not an appropriate strategy for Newfoundland. The trades and manufacturing sector needed export markets in order to contribute significantly to the transformation of the economy and to achieve the higher levels of production, employment and income characteristic of countries with dynamic secondary manufacturing. Newfoundland should have concentrated on a manufacturing field where her resource and locational advantages were greatest and where her skills and entrepreneurship were keenest. The vast bulk of Newfoundland's capital, expertise, entrepreneurial potential and locational advantages were centered in the fishing industry. The logical place to attempt to break into international markets was in the maritime trades and manufacturing industries. -- In conclusion, the potential for development of secondary manufacturing in Newfoundland was at best marginal given the small size of the domestic market, the dearth of managerial and labour skills in this field, the limited investment resources, the unbalanced availability of resources and raw materials, locational disadvantages, transportation costs and the need to develop foreign markets for manufacturing.
Purpose: This study aims to find out the dual-perspectives on authenticity in English language te... more Purpose: This study aims to find out the dual-perspectives on authenticity in English language teaching. Problem: The concept of authenticity has generated quite a ripple in ESL/EFL classrooms. Contrasting perspectives have emerged over the years in reaction to this concept. Some regard authenticity as an inevitable part of teaching as it provides students with opportunities to interact with reality in the classroom itself, whereas, some others consider it an ambitious construct and suggest approaching it with caution. Method: In order to verify these perspectives, a survey of literature has been done to trace the genesis of authenticity and its various facets. Conclusion: As a result, we have found that a balanced outlook on authenticity is required by the teachers to promote better teaching-learning experiences.
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 2017
BACKGROUND Needlestick Injury (NSI) is a major occupational health and safety issue among Healthc... more BACKGROUND Needlestick Injury (NSI) is a major occupational health and safety issue among Healthcare Workers (HCWs). In India, incidence of NSI is high, but surveillance is poor with scarce authentic data. The aim of the study is to determine the occurrence of NSI, its associated factors and assessment of knowledge and practice of preventive measures and post exposure prophylaxis among HCWs in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 515 HCWs who included doctors, house surgeons, final year medical students, nurses, student nurses and lab technicians of a government sector tertiary care hospital in Kerala. All HCWs of the institution present during the study time were included and only those unwilling to participate excluded. Ethical clearance and administrative permission was obtained along with informed consent from subjects after ensuring confidentiality. Content validated, structured questionnaire consisting of questions regarding demographic data, incidence and prevalence of needlestick injury, circumstances leading to it, response of subjects to NSI and knowledge of study subjects on post exposure prophylaxis was administered to the study subjects. The technique of data collection was self-reporting by the study subjects. Data collected was analysed using statistical software Epi Info 7. RESULTS Overall, 55.7% HCWs had sustained at least one NSI in this hospital, while 35% of them had a NSI during the current year. NSIs were sustained during blood withdrawal (34%), injections (20.5%), suturing (20.2%) and cannula insertion (12%). Recapping the needle (26%) was the most frequent cause followed by collision with others (24%), manipulation of needle in patient (23%) and during/in transit to disposal (10%). Majority (84%) did not report the incident, 8.4% underwent post exposure follow up, 82% of the HCWs were fully hepatitis B vaccinated, 44% had received training, 62% used gloves, 49% recapped needles and 55% followed proper sharp disposal. Significant association was found between NSI and male gender (p <0.001), designation (p <0.001) and years of experience (p <0.05) with interns and those with less than one year's experience at greater risk.
Taking a second-language test is a nervous affair; and in India, test anxiety has silently wreake... more Taking a second-language test is a nervous affair; and in India, test anxiety has silently wreaked havoc on students' psyche. Particularly for students who take public exams in Grades X and XII, anxiety is quite lurid. Given the influence of the obsolete and rigid nature of exams on students' psyche, we believe that a study related to test anxiety will provide useful insights. This paper reports a research conducted with 133 students to find out their level of anxiety related to pre-, during-and post-test stages with a view to studying the impact on students' performance and providing teachers with a better perspective on test-related problems.
Zeitschrift f�r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 1960
Inh alts ii ber sich t Rs wnrdc gczeigt, daB bci der Keaktion von ZmsE-Xde niit Wusscr unter vers... more Inh alts ii ber sich t Rs wnrdc gczeigt, daB bci der Keaktion von ZmsE-Xde niit Wusscr unter verschiedenen Hedingungen &hylen, Acctaldehyd und Spuren von i%thnnol cntstchen. Die Annahmc, daB Bt,hanol als Zwischenprodukt bei dcr Bildung von Rcctaldchyd auftritt, konnte nicht belegt werden.
This essay takes up the question of the dating of the Last Supper and the apparent contradiction ... more This essay takes up the question of the dating of the Last Supper and the apparent contradiction between the Gospel of John and the Synoptic Gospels with regard to the date of the Passover Feast in the year that Jesus died. Our point of departure is Joseph Ratzinger's consideration of the same problem in the second volume of his recent book Jesus of Nazareth, wherein he ultimately concedes the irreconcilability of the two accounts and concludes in favor of the historical accuracy of the Johannine rather the Synoptic chronology. The second part of this essay then takes up and re-proposes the solution to this apparent contradiction given by St Thomas Aquinas. The intervening centuries of 'higher criticism' notwithstanding, Aquinas's solution remains satisfactory inasmuch as it preserves the historical truth of all four Gospel accounts whole and entire, and does so with an historical plausibility and an elegant simplicity that is not forced to rely upon tenuous historical reconstructions. Moreover, there are strong arguments that can be drawn from the Gospel itself and from Jewish laws and customs pertaining to Passover which can be marshaled in favor of Aquinas's interpretation.
The growth of industrial production is a major hallmark in the development of most economies and ... more The growth of industrial production is a major hallmark in the development of most economies and the chief source of this growth is import substitution. While practically all income in Newfoundland was derived from the primary sector prior to 1870, the country made considerable efforts between 1870 and 1914 to stimulate an industrial transformation. By 1914, however, the higher production, employment and income levels enjoyed in other countries with vibrant manufacturing sectors had not been achieved. While trades and manufacturing industries experienced some growth during this period, the rate of expansion was slow. In 1870 small shops produced all of the locally-made goods, but by 1914 a small number of larger mechanized factories dominated the market, and most of the small businesses either disappeared or retailed and repaired imported or local factory-made products. The capital for the larger St. John's factories came chiefly from the retained earnings of the fish merchants. The major city merchants invested moderate sums in a number of incorporated companies protecting their export-import business through limited liability and spreading the risk over a number of different enterprises. Inter-industry linkages within the trades and manufacturing sector and between it and other parts of the Newfoundland economy were rare and most machines and raw materials were imported. While the number of employees grew over the period, unemployment, poor wages and working conditions were common. The trades and manufacturing industries usually produced common and widely used products leaving specialized items to foreign suppliers. The St, John's trades and manufacturing industries were import substitution factories designed to serve the national market. While many of these firms succeeded in capturing the Newfoundland market with the help of the tariff, locational advantages and the nature of some of the products, the market was not large enough to support continued growth. The import substitution model was not suitable for Newfoundland because of the size of the domestic market, the unbalanced availability of resources and raw materials and the inability of the country to prosper as a closed economy. The factories needed large and growing markets for single items in order to reach profitable economies of scale, while consumers demanded a wide variety of products and styles. Practically all inputs used by St. John's trades and manufacturing industries were imported because they were simply not available in Newfoundland. Finally, the country's reliance on the export of fishery and other primary products and its dependence on imported raw materials and finished products established that Newfoundland was not, and was not likely to become, a closed economy capable of generating most of its natural resource and capital requirements, and capable of producing most of its intermediate, capital and consumer goods at a rate comparable to other Western market economies. Import substitution, therefore, was not an appropriate strategy for Newfoundland. The trades and manufacturing sector needed export markets in order to contribute significantly to the transformation of the economy and to achieve the higher levels of production, employment and income characteristic of countries with dynamic secondary manufacturing. Newfoundland should have concentrated on a manufacturing field where her resource and locational advantages were greatest and where her skills and entrepreneurship were keenest. The vast bulk of Newfoundland's capital, expertise, entrepreneurial potential and locational advantages were centered in the fishing industry. The logical place to attempt to break into international markets was in the maritime trades and manufacturing industries. -- In conclusion, the potential for development of secondary manufacturing in Newfoundland was at best marginal given the small size of the domestic market, the dearth of managerial and labour skills in this field, the limited investment resources, the unbalanced availability of resources and raw materials, locational disadvantages, transportation costs and the need to develop foreign markets for manufacturing.
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