Papers by JAMES WILLOUGHBY
ABSTRACTThe thickness and appearance of retinal layers are essential markers for diagnosing and s... more ABSTRACTThe thickness and appearance of retinal layers are essential markers for diagnosing and studying eye diseases. Despite the increasing availability of imaging devices to scan and store large amounts of data, analyzing retinal images and generating trial endpoints has remained a manual, error-prone, and time-consuming task. In particular, the lack of large amounts of high-quality labels for different diseases hinders the development of automated algorithms. Therefore, we have compiled 5016 pixel-wise manual labels for 1672 optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans featuring two different diseases as well as healthy subjects to help democratize the process of developing novel automatic techniques. We also collected 4698 bounding box annotations for a subset of 566 scans across 9 classes of disease biomarker. Due to variations in retinal morphology, intensity range, and changes in contrast and brightness, designing segmentation and detection methods that can generalize to differe...
The Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature in Britain
Medium Ævum, 2012
A vivid, anonymous eyewitness account of events in Palestine leading to the Third Crusade, usuall... more A vivid, anonymous eyewitness account of events in Palestine leading to the Third Crusade, usually referred to by the tide Chronicon ierrae sanciae, tells of the sufferings of the Christians which took place before the fall of Jerusalem in 1 1 87. Beginning with the death of Baldwin V, King of Jerusalem, in August 1 1 86, it recounts in rhetorical style the renewal of hostilities by Saladin against the Latin states, leading to the capture of the Holy Cross at the Battle of Hattin and ultimately the capture of Jerusalem. The exploits of the military orders of the Knights Templar and Hospitaller are prominent in the account. The Chronicon was edited most accessibly by Joseph Stevenson for the Rolls Series in 1875 (under the editorial tide Ubellus de expugnatione ierrae sanciae per Saladinum}} It is transmitted by four manuscripts, three of them also containing the chronicle compiled by Ralph, abbot of the Cistercian abbey of Coggeshall from 1207 until his retirement in izi8.2 It was on the basis of this association that John Bale (£.1495- 1 563) attributed the Cbronicon ierrae sanctae to Ralph, and it entered the bibliographical tradition under the abbot's name and with that tide.3 William Stubbs was clear that die work could not have come from Ralph's pen.4 But die image of die spent crusader retiring to die cloister to take up die writing of history is an appealing one, and die false attribution has been repeated even quite recendy.5 In fact, as Stubbs made clear (followed by Stevenson), die account of events in die Holy Land that can be found in Ralph's chronicle and die account given by die Chronicon ierrae sanciae bear no relation to each other either stylistically or in tone, and they tell much of die same story in very different ways and with reference to different, and sometimes inconsistent, details.6 Instead of die normally neutral, annaustic voice used by Ralph, who drew his information at second hand, the author of die Chronicon terrae sanciae employs a rhetorical mode in a work which aims at die quality of memoir.One of die purposes of dus article is to enlarge upon die few details which have been assembled towards die question of authorship. Stevenson noted dial die military orders feature prominendy throughout die text and receive much praise, allowing die speculation that 'die writer may possibly have been connected with one or both of diese great military Orders'.7 Of die two, die Templars always receive priority in die account. He also noted that die author's interest in Essex affairs was shown by die several laudatory notices given to Ralph de Alta Ripa, archdeacon of Colchester, first for his taking die cross, then in recounting his death in the Holy Land.8 While the identity of the author of the Cbronicon terme sanctae must remain unknown, it may be possible to put Stevenson's insights on a firmer footing. The larger purpose of this article is to demonstrate how Abbot Ralph and the monks of Coggeshall have a pivotal role in the text's transmission: they may be seen at work not only in respect of the manuscript witnesses but also with regard to an intervention in the text itself. The matter of the transmission of the Chronicon ierrae sanctae helps to open an unexpected window on to the historiographical ambitions of Ralph and his community.9The identification of Coggeshall as the centre of the text's early transmission is a matter in which the manuscript evidence plays strongly, and I will turn to this question in the main part of this article. First, it is necessary to examine a curious feature of the text itself, for it is the case that the narrative appears to be the work of two separate personalities. From the declamatory opening apostrophe, modelled on the opening formula of letters from the Christians of Palestine to the princes of the West ('Quantis pressuris et calamitatibus oppressa sit et contrita Orientaus ecclesia a pagaras'), to the grandiloquent narrative of events leading to the spoliation of the Holy Sepulchre, the authorial voice is coherent. …
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 1992
Various routes of immunotherapy (injection, intranasal, oral) using lyophilized, aqueous, glyceri... more Various routes of immunotherapy (injection, intranasal, oral) using lyophilized, aqueous, glycerinated, and modified allergenic extracts have all produced blocking antibodies and symptomatic improvement. No single, empirical predetermined maintenance or optimal dose of allergenic extract right for every patient, can be predicted, nor can immunotherapy be administered to patients without possible adverse reactions. Patients are at a lesser risk of anaphylaxis when immunotherapy dosage is escalated to the optimal maintenance dose. The AU/mL (Amb a I) ragweed AgE, or weight/volume dose required to produce maximum IgG blocking antibody varies with each patient, indicating that not all patients require or tolerate the same optimal immunotherapeutic dose. Immunotherapy patient failures may be the result of inadequate treatment dose potency or failure to include relevant allergens. Allergen-specific IgG monitoring during immunotherapy can provide an objective method to identify allergens that could safely be escalated to a more potent immunotherapy dose.
Oxford scholars and digital projects lead the way in the fields of the transmission of written he... more Oxford scholars and digital projects lead the way in the fields of the transmission of written heritage, the history of libraries, and in the development of cutting-edge digital tools, funded by important institutions and in collaboration with research libraries in Europe and the United States.
The Oxford History of Classical Reception in English Literature, 2016
Measurements of fault scarp height, topographic profiles used to measure fault scarp and metamorp... more Measurements of fault scarp height, topographic profiles used to measure fault scarp and metamorphic foliation measurements along the Thyolo Fualt, southern Malawi. This dataset is used in Wedmore et al., (in review), Journal of Structural Geology. For more information please contact [email protected]
Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 2012
The booklist published here for the first time forms part of the probate inventory of Michael Thr... more The booklist published here for the first time forms part of the probate inventory of Michael Throckmorton, Cardinal Pole's messenger and friend. He died in Mantua on i November 1558 and the document is preserved there among the notarial records of the Archivio di Stato.1 It is a long and revealing list, as important for the history of the book in the late Renaissance as it is for understanding Reginald Pole and his circle. The cardinal was enigmatic, often impenetrable, known only to and through his close friends. Among them, his servant 'our Michael',2 had been over looked in both Italian and English scholarship. Yet during the early stages of research into his career, the document came to light quite unexpectedly, listing among his possessions the titles of over 200 books. Throckmorton appears to have settled in Mantua early in 1553 and he made that city his home until his death, gaining admi ration at the Gonzaga court for his abilities as a translator.3 He had spent...
We present new observations of the geometry and pattern of fault growth from the Thyolo fault, an... more We present new observations of the geometry and pattern of fault growth from the Thyolo fault, an 85 km long border fault in the southern Malawi Rift, from high-resolution topography and field observations. The rift has a polyphase tectonic history and the Thyolo fault is located towards the edge of the Proterozoic Unango Terrane. Recent activity is demonstrated by an 18.6 ± 7.7 m high fault scarp. Different patterns of segmentation are indicated by fault geometry and fault displacement profiles: two substantial reductions in scarp height do not coincide with surface geometry changes. The surface scarp is divided into two geometrically defined overlapping sections, which are joined by a ~5 km long, fault perpendicular scarp. The scarp height in this linking section is similar to the bounding sections, yet the river drainage network and sediment depocenter distribution is not typical of relay zones. Microstructural and compositional analyses show a 15-180 m thick damage zone with an ...
Renaissance Quarterly, 2019
Imago Mundi, 2016
ABSTRACT Remarkably little is known about the earliest surviving separate-sheet medieval map of B... more ABSTRACT Remarkably little is known about the earliest surviving separate-sheet medieval map of Britain that takes its name from its former owner, Richard Gough (1735–1809), and that has been variously dated to between 1300 and 1400, and later. It presents a sophisticated cartographical image at a time when detailed maps of individual regions were almost unknown in Europe, yet nothing is agreed about its possible origins, context (ecclesiastical or secular), or why and how it was compiled. In the belief that historical interpretation has to stem from an intimate knowledge of the map as artefact—the state of the parchment, nature of the inks, palaeography—as well as image, an informal study group of historians and scientists (the Gough Map Panel) was convened in 2012 to examine the map through high resolution digital reproduction, hyperspectral analysis, three-dimensional analysis and Raman pigment analysis. Although the study is still ongoing, much that is new has been discovered, notably about the way features were marked on the map, Gough’s application to the map of a damaging reagent to render place-names readable, and the extent to which the original map (now dated to c.1400), although never completed, was nonetheless reworked on two different occasions in the fifteenth century, effectively creating two further maps. These and other findings are summarized here to encourage the further study of the map’s features that is needed before it can be fully understood.
Bibliofilia Rivista Di Storia Del Libro E Di Bibliografia, 2011
The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America, 1999
The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 2015
The Heythrop Journal, 2015
'plot' rather than demanding what is their 'point'. What is unmistakable is the mood of urgency t... more 'plot' rather than demanding what is their 'point'. What is unmistakable is the mood of urgency that Jesus conveys, and how the story works its magic. Wright is certainly correct in demanding that we pay more attention to the 'how' of Jesus' teaching rather than the 'what'. Rather surprisingly, this book has much to tell us, not merely of the narrative elements of Jesus' stories, but also (if you learn to look in the right way) of the 'historical Jesus' himself. Boston College, USA Nicholas King
The Library, 2011
t is the purpose of this essay to highlight a particular way in which modern printed-book scholar... more t is the purpose of this essay to highlight a particular way in which modern printed-book scholarship has imposed a very severe line between medieval and modern practice, and in doing so has lost sight of a valuable diagnostic. Medieval and Renaissance inventories often identified a physical book by a device known as the secundo folio, simply the first words on the recto of the second leaf. It served to provide a functional (though not infallible) means of differentiating one book from another, even those which contained one and the same work. The secundo folio, which has long had a mean ing and usefulness to cataloguers of manuscripts, also has much to offer the incunabulist. For what has hitherto largely been overlooked is the elementary fact that the same device, applied to a printed book, will serve to identify the edition. As such, it may not offer an absolute answer, because one edition was more often set line by line from another than a manuscript was copied; but the recognition of print in a medieval library is in itself an advance since booklists which employed the secundo folio rarely made any comment as to whether books were in manuscript or print, giving instead only a short-title description and the secundo folio, data that were sufficient merely to identify the physical volume. Late medieval booklists may therefore be replete with incunabula and early printed books, but the secundo folio is the only means by which one can test whether the book was in print; answering that question will also be the means of identifying the edition. Grounded in the reality of a historical moment, it is an archaeological insight that can benefit statistical studies on the book trade and on the diffusion of print in Europe during the incunable period. The secundo folio has its origins in the central need of any medieval administrator involved in the care of books, which was to be able to work between the physical object and his record of it, whether that descriptive docu ment was a catalogue as we might understand the term, or a locationsregister, or a plain inventory of goods. The simplest, infallible device by
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Papers by JAMES WILLOUGHBY