Introduction: Addiction is not solely "substance dependence". Diminished control is a core defini... more Introduction: Addiction is not solely "substance dependence". Diminished control is a core defining concept of psychoactive substance addiction. Several behaviors, besides psychoactive substance ingestion, produce short-term reward that may engender diminished control over the behavior. Growing evidence suggests that behavioral addictions resemble substance addictions in many domains, including phenomenology, tolerance, comorbidity, overlapping genetic contribution, neurobiological mechanisms, and response to treatment. This similarity has given rise to the concept of non-substance or behavioral addictions, i.e., syndromes analogous to substance addiction, but with a behavioral focus. The type of excessive behaviors identified as being addictive include gambling, use of computers, playing video games, use of the internet, exercise, and shopping. Behavioral addictions have been proposed as a new class in DSM-5, but the only category included is gambling disorder. Internet gaming disorder is included in the appendix as a condition for further study. The ICD-11 included also the definition of a new disorder, gaming disorder. To present actual knowledge about behavioral addictions in childhood and adolescence. Methods: Analysis of data in available literature in data basis and textbooks. Results: Some behavioral addictions are becoming more common in children and adolescents. Dominant are gaming and gambling addiction that are also best researched. Conclusions: Behavioral addiction becomes an epidemic in children and adolescents.
Although the question of death and the fear of it is one of the oldest questions man has dealt wi... more Although the question of death and the fear of it is one of the oldest questions man has dealt with, we have no discussions from ancient times about fear in an existential sense. The thematic approach to this phenomenon in Western philosophy and theology occurs in Hellenism and in the Christian religion, but it gains its full meaning only in the philosophies of existence. The famous Islamic philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, better known in the West as Avicenna (980-1037), wrote A Treatise on the Cure for the Fear of Death and the Treatment of Anxiety Caused by It more than nine centuries ago. Relying on Islamic teachings, Ibn Sina made a comprehensive analysis of this problem in the Treatise, giving precise instructions on how to deal with people who have mental impediments due to the fear of death, which in modern psychiatry are called anxiety and fear-related disorders. In this paper, a brief analysis of the Treatise is made in order to point out possible guidelines in the appro...
IntroductionBosnia-Herzegovina (BH) citizens, affected by 1992–1995 war, developed serious mental... more IntroductionBosnia-Herzegovina (BH) citizens, affected by 1992–1995 war, developed serious mental health posttraumatic consequences. Their needs for EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) treatment increased. The Humanitarian Assistance Programmes UK & Ireland (HAP) work in partnership with mental health professionals in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) from 2010.ObjectivesWe aim to build a body of qualified and experienced professionals who can establish and sustain their own EMDR training.MethodAuthors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision which was provided from the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK &Ireland with non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of EMDR to mental health therapists in BH.ResultsThe trainers from HAP UK & Ireland completed five EMDR trainings in BH (two in Tuzla and three in Sarajevo) for 100 recruited trainees from different BH health in...
Aim to examine users motivation of the Institute for upbringing male children and adolescents Sar... more Aim to examine users motivation of the Institute for upbringing male children and adolescents Sarajevo to participate in the implementation of resocialization programs from the perspective of social pedagogue. We interviewed six boys at the Insitute for upbringing male children and adolescents Sarajevo with writen consent of their responsible teachers. This is a qualitative study in which data were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis by Mayring. Research question in this paper was: „Are beneficiaries of the Institute for upbringing male children and adolescents in Sarajevo motivated to participate in re-socialization programs?’ At the Insitute for upbringing male children and adolescents Sarajevo among the users who participated in the survey the motivation for paritcipating in re-socialization programs is present in four juveniles who participated in this study, while one respondent was completely unmotivated Reasons for this may lie in individual users curiosity and their low time utilization during the stay at the Institute. The complete non-motivation of one user is the result of family factors and environment Users are mostly interested in taking part in sports and works activities. The participation of users in the current programmatic activities of the Institute is irregularly and insufficiently structured.
The primary objective will focus the first of all on Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitizatio... more The primary objective will focus the first of all on Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) as an evidence based intervention in the treatment of psycho-traumatized individuals. Its effectiveness has been validated by extensive research. It outlines in particular an EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Training Programme that took place in Tuzla University Clinical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) in response to 1992-1995 war, in helping to train mental health workers in EMDR to enable them to treat psychological trauma symptoms of war survivors. Method: Authors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision which was provided from the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK &Ireland with non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of EMDR to mental health therapists in BH. Results: Highly dedicated internationally approved trainers from HAP UK & Ireland provided completed EMDR training for 19 trainees: neuro-psychiatrists, residents of neuro-psychiatry and psychologists from eight different health institutions from six different cities in BH. Training started with 24 trainees, but five of them were prevented to complete training. To be accredited EMDR therapists all trainees are obliged to practice EMDR therapy with clients under the supervision process of HAP UK & Ireland supervisors. Because of physical distance between supervisors and trainees, supervision is organized via Skype Internet technology. Conclusion: Training of Bosnia-Herzegovina mental health workers to effectively use EMDR with enthusiastic help of EMDR trainers from HAP UK&Ireland will increase psychotherapy capacities in postwar BH.
Addiction does not mean "addiction to substances" only. At the core of the definition o... more Addiction does not mean "addiction to substances" only. At the core of the definition of substance dependence is the loss of control. Gambling addiction belongs to non-substance / non-chemical addictions or behavioral/behavioral addictions. The concept of behavioral addictions is new and revolutionary in psychiatry. Gambling addiction, formerly pathological or problematic gambling occurs due to loss of control over gambling. There is growing evidence to suggest that behavioral addictions resemble substance addictions in many domains, including phenomenology, tolerance, comorbidity, overlapping genetic contribution, neurobiological mechanisms, and response to treatment. Behavioral addiction has been proposed as a new class in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual Fifth Revision (DSM-5), but the only category included is gambling addiction. The prevalence of gambling disorders in adolescence is very high and for certain disorders (especially related to the use of the Internet) it becomes more pronounced over time. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive overview of gambling disorders from definition, epidemiology, manifestations, comorbidities, assessment, treatment options, and existing forms of treatment. Given the complexity of the approach to the treatment of gamblers, a creative individualized integrative approach is necessary, which is the basis of creative psychopharmacotherapy. Due to the possibility of the emergence of problem gambling and other impulse-control deficits we need to be very careful when commencing a patient on dopamine replacement therapy or therapy with aripiprazole.
Since it is generally known that the human body is the best image of the human soul, this paper a... more Since it is generally known that the human body is the best image of the human soul, this paper aims to explain how important body language is when diagnosing psychiatric diagnosis "depression". It is important to point out the importance of other alternative approaches in the treatment of depression when standard psychopharmacotherapy is not enough. Body language is a powerful form of non-verbal communication that provides important traces of intentions, emotions, and motivations in other people. In everyday life, we collect information about what people think and feel by their body posture, manners, and gestures. Evaluations of clinical depression are traditionally based on verbal information. However, non-verbal expressive behavior, related to reflexive feedback of a person, may reveal negative emotional or social processes that are not fully controlled by patients therapy, along with other artistic therapies (art therapy, drama therapy, and music therapy are other artistic therapies that are applied in Great Britain) offers an attractive opportunity for patients because it enables them to work on those issues that are placed on non-verbal and pre-verbal level. Creative psychofarmacotherapy is the concept that involves creativity as its main means. In this context, the importance of physical activity and body movements will be emphasized in the treatment of depression, when regular psychopharmacotherapy is not sufficient. To conclude, the patient has the right to actively take part in creating a therapeutic relationship and responsibly contributes to overcoming psychopathology. The importance of physical activities and body movements is emphasized in the treatment of depressive people. Studies have shown that the anti-depressive effect of physical activity is increased with simultaneous use of antidepressants, as well as that movement therapy and music therapy, together with regular pharmacotherapeutic methods, help with fast recovery and that they can be used in a creative approach to problem-solving.
The paper gives an approximate significance of religion in the mental health of believers. Islami... more The paper gives an approximate significance of religion in the mental health of believers. Islamic views of the soul are presented, as a basic principle of human life. The correct, beneficial effects in the attitudes and behavior of individuals towards their souls are also shown. It is also shown what can negatively affect the soul, which creates a basis for the disruption of mental well-being, which causes a mental disorder or mental illness. The paper focused on Islam, as a complete worldview based on the theory of the Revelation of the Qur'an and the practices of God's Messenger, Muhammad, peace be upon him (p.b.u.h.) through which the Revelation was given to all mankind. The basic Islamic theoretical and practical principles and their beneficial protective and healing effect on the mental, psychosocial and psychosomatic well-being of the individual and the community are enumerated and briefly explained when the daily routine of Islamic living is properly applied. The paper presents the basic Islamic principles that help people who suffer sudden, short-term or long-term troubles and catastrophes, because of which psychological trauma and its acute and chronic consequences are formed, which makes the treatment of traumatized faster, and more efficient.
Although the issue of death and fear of it is one of the oldest issues that man has dealt with, m... more Although the issue of death and fear of it is one of the oldest issues that man has dealt with, modern secular psychiatry today, as before, does not pay enough attention to the phenomenon of fear of death. The famous Islamic philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, better known in the West as Avicenna (980-1037), wrote A Treatise on the Cure for the Fear of Death and the Treatment of Anxiety Caused by It, more than nine centuries ago. Bosnian Islamic scholar Mehmed Handžić translated this treatise from Arabic into Bosnian 80 years ago. This paper provides basic data and a summary of this translation with a focus on the analysis of key terms from the Arabic language used by the author in the original paper from the perspective of today's psychiatric terminology and then its integral translation into English. In addition to its historical significance, we believe that this discussion has its practical significance today, so we hope that this paper could encourage further fruitful discussions in professional circles dealing with this topic.
Aim The Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) is an evidence based intervention in... more Aim The Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) is an evidence based intervention in the treatment of psycho-traumatized individuals. Its effectiveness has been validated by extensive research. It outlines in particular an EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Training Programme that took place in Sarajevo University Clinical Centre after the Tuzla University Clinical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) in response to 1992-1995 war, in helping to train mental health workers in EMDR to enable them to treat psychological trauma symptoms of war survivors. Method Authors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision which was provided from the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK &Ireland with non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of EMDR to mental health therapists in BH. Results Highly dedicated internationally approved trainers from HAP UK & Ireland provided completed EMDR training for 33 recruited trainees of different professional background from different BH health institutions from different cities and entities in BH. To be accredited EMDR therapists all trainees are obliged to practice EMDR therapy with clients under the supervision process of HAP UK & Ireland supervisors. Because of physical distance between supervisors and trainees, supervision is organized via Skype Internet technology. Conclusion Training of Bosnia-Herzegovina mental health workers to effectively use EMDR with enthusiastic help of EMDR trainers from HAP UK&Ireland is continued through the next training organized in Sarajevo and it will increase psychotherapy capacities in postwar BH.
Aim: of this paper is to establish what kind of influence may have regularity of Namazs’ performi... more Aim: of this paper is to establish what kind of influence may have regularity of Namazs’ performing on mental stability and health of adolescents, in order that how these may have influenced on preventing of their social excluding. Methodology: The sample was consisted from 240 mentally and physically healthy secondary school adolescents of both genders, of age 15–18 years, equal in regard of school achievements, conduct, family structure and level of exposure to psychosocial distress. Participants were assessed in regard of regularity and frequency of prayer performing. Personality profile was assessed with Freiburg questionnaire of personality. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 10.00 program; we used Pearson's correlation test (r). Results: indicated that regularity of prayer performing and earlier acquired basic instruction about prayer was in positive correlation with mental stability during adolescence, particularly among boys. Conclusion: Performing of Namazs engages physical, mental and spiritual potentials of personality on individual and also on social plan; so it helps that developmental potentials direct to the way of forming emotionally more stabile person and in that way these will diminish risk of appearance of different forms of unadjusted behavior, in other words these preventing social excluding of young people.
I bn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no s... more I bn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief overview of his contribution to medicine and psychology through which his unique scientific and religious approach to the study of the phenomena of human being can be best seen. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time. These works contain synthesis of all Greek, Indian and Iranian medical schools, but also new breakthroughs achieved by Muslim scholars through their own experimentation and practice. Although he wrote many medical works, his most important one is El-Kanun fit-tib, which can be translated as The Canon of Medicine. It's made out of five books which systematically show everything known in the area of medicine up until that point in time. In it, Ibn Sina discusses, among other things, the structure of psychological apparatus of human being and the connection of psychological functions with the brain. He considered psychology to be very important for medicine, so in his psychological works he discusses, in great detail, the essence of human soul, consciousness, intellect and other psychological functions. He observed a man in his entirety, taking into consideration all aspects of his existence, paying special attention to spiritual knowledge and spiritual perfection, religiosity, and methods of achieving inner peace and well-being.
In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They e... more In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They emphasized that regardless existing controversial opinions as to whether Hippocrates stated some theses or not, and controversial views on some of his principles, he is often called the "father" of medicine, who laid the foundations in medicine as a science. Hippocrates gave recommendations on the doctor's behavior towards the patient, which is relevant up today. His holistic approach to medicine is becoming more and more relevant in the modern medicine. The application of the Hippocratic Oath today depends on the legislation of individual states, related to how legal solutions in some states are pro or contra to it. Authors opened and discussed his attitudes that mental illnesses are a sign of a diseased brain, his consideration the food as medicine and that the disease came from the intestines. Also issue of prognosis of the disease was opened and discussed as well as and Hippocrates's consideration of work and physical activity as the most appropriate medicine. Furthermore, authors considered importance of Hippocratic medicine related to Creative psychopharmacotherapy based on therapeutic communication and the creative satisfaction of needs in the therapeutic relationship with patients and in the recovery itself. Finally, an example of creatively use of the principle of Hippocratic medicine: "work as the most appropriate medicine" in therapeutic communication with patients through an ecological approach called "Ecopsychiatry", under the slogan presented in the media to the general public: "Cleansing nature improves your mental health" was described.
The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expandi... more The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expanding daily in working with clients suffering from mental illness. Mentalization enables the incorporation of several different theoretical models and therapeutic techniques into a single whole, which encourages a holistic and integrative approach to treating patients. This theoretical model looks at different spheres of mental states, both the client seeking medical help and the doctor himself in the therapeutic process. Consequently, providing an adequate basis for the creation of a therapeutic/working alliance, which is imposed in the age of modern psychiatry, as a "condition without which it is impossible" to achieve the desired therapeutic response. Therefore, it is necessary to creatively implement treatments while creating a "therapeutic/working alliance" between the patient and the doctor in order to improve the therapeutic response and change the patient's perception.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no sc... more Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief review of his contributions to medicine, especially to psychiatry. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time. These works contain synthesis of all Greek, Indian and Iranian medical schools, but also new breakthroughs achieved by Muslim scholars through their own experimentation and practice. Although he wrote many medical works, his most important one is El-Kanun fit-tib, which can be translated as The Canon of Medicine. It's made out of five books which systematically show everything known in the area of medicine up until that point in time. In it, Ibn Sina discusses, among other things, the structure of psychological apparatus of human being and the connection of psychological functions with the brain as well as the role of psyche in etiology of somatic diseases. He also describes certain psychiatric diseases along with the explanation of their etiology and recommended therapy. He considered psychology to be very important for medicine, so in his psychological works he discusses, in great detail, the essence of human soul, consciousness, intellect and other psychological functions.
BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industria... more BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, medicine for some somatic diseases, and it is also used as a psychoactive substance. Cannabis can be used by smoking, evaporation, as a food ingredient, or as an extract. Acute and chronic cannabis use has been shown to be detrimental to several aspects of psychological and physical health and many experimental studies done on healthy people indicate the potential of Δ9- tetra hydro cannabinoid (THC) in inducing transient, dose-dependent psychotic symptoms, but also affective, behavioral, cognitive, neurovegetative, and psychophysical symptoms. Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug globally. In many communities, cannabis is perceived as a low-risk drug, leading to political lobbying to decriminalize its use. The wave of laws and initiatives to liberalize cannabis use continues to spread across the United States and the rest of the world, and there seems to be a political debate in the background about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use. Aim is to present the possible consequences that the legalization of cannabis would have from the aspect of mental health and mental disorders. METHODS Authors reviewed the literature using PubMed resources on the effects of cannabis using the keywords: cannabis use, cannabis use and psychoticism, cannabis use and depression, cannabis use and anxiety, cannabis use and cognition, cannabis use and insomnia, legalization of cannabis. RESULTS Authors examined the effects of cannabis use on psychiatric disorders and the review of the legal status of cannabis use in the world was also made. The possible consequences of cannabis legalization on the public health system were also considered, based on experiences from countries where legalization has already been done. The evidence cited in this article suggests that strong claims about the need to legalize cannabis are still questionable, and may, even in the long run, remain mixed, inconclusive, or even contradictory. Political interference in this issue can trigger a wide range of unintended but profound and lasting consequences for the health system and the health of the individual. CONCLUSION We recommend further research on this topic and data collection with an emphasis on the effects and consequences of cannabis use on mental health, and in particular the benefits and harmful effects of medical cannabis use.
INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol... more INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This research emphasizes the importance of individual diseases, the simultaneous presence and connection of different diseases, which creates the conditions for more adequate treatment of patients with AUD. Determine somatic, neurological and psychiatric diseases in patients with AUD in the Tuzla Canton (TK) in the period from 01.01.2011. to 31.12.2015. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective study on the systematic cause of 1,863 patients with AUD recorded in the TK health system. RESULTS Among 1004 (53.9%) patients with AUD, somatic diseases were present; in men: arterial hypertension 573 (31.7%), alcoholic liver disease 269 (14.9%), diabetes mellitus 211 (11.7%); and in women: arterial hypertension 27 (49.1%), diabetes mellitus 27 (49.1%), elevated lipoproteins 3 (5.5%); alcoholic liver disease 1 (1.8%) and anemia 1 (1.8%). Among 1196 (64,2%) patients with AUD, neuro...
Introduction: Addiction is not solely "substance dependence". Diminished control is a core defini... more Introduction: Addiction is not solely "substance dependence". Diminished control is a core defining concept of psychoactive substance addiction. Several behaviors, besides psychoactive substance ingestion, produce short-term reward that may engender diminished control over the behavior. Growing evidence suggests that behavioral addictions resemble substance addictions in many domains, including phenomenology, tolerance, comorbidity, overlapping genetic contribution, neurobiological mechanisms, and response to treatment. This similarity has given rise to the concept of non-substance or behavioral addictions, i.e., syndromes analogous to substance addiction, but with a behavioral focus. The type of excessive behaviors identified as being addictive include gambling, use of computers, playing video games, use of the internet, exercise, and shopping. Behavioral addictions have been proposed as a new class in DSM-5, but the only category included is gambling disorder. Internet gaming disorder is included in the appendix as a condition for further study. The ICD-11 included also the definition of a new disorder, gaming disorder. To present actual knowledge about behavioral addictions in childhood and adolescence. Methods: Analysis of data in available literature in data basis and textbooks. Results: Some behavioral addictions are becoming more common in children and adolescents. Dominant are gaming and gambling addiction that are also best researched. Conclusions: Behavioral addiction becomes an epidemic in children and adolescents.
Although the question of death and the fear of it is one of the oldest questions man has dealt wi... more Although the question of death and the fear of it is one of the oldest questions man has dealt with, we have no discussions from ancient times about fear in an existential sense. The thematic approach to this phenomenon in Western philosophy and theology occurs in Hellenism and in the Christian religion, but it gains its full meaning only in the philosophies of existence. The famous Islamic philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, better known in the West as Avicenna (980-1037), wrote A Treatise on the Cure for the Fear of Death and the Treatment of Anxiety Caused by It more than nine centuries ago. Relying on Islamic teachings, Ibn Sina made a comprehensive analysis of this problem in the Treatise, giving precise instructions on how to deal with people who have mental impediments due to the fear of death, which in modern psychiatry are called anxiety and fear-related disorders. In this paper, a brief analysis of the Treatise is made in order to point out possible guidelines in the appro...
IntroductionBosnia-Herzegovina (BH) citizens, affected by 1992–1995 war, developed serious mental... more IntroductionBosnia-Herzegovina (BH) citizens, affected by 1992–1995 war, developed serious mental health posttraumatic consequences. Their needs for EMDR (eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing) treatment increased. The Humanitarian Assistance Programmes UK & Ireland (HAP) work in partnership with mental health professionals in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) from 2010.ObjectivesWe aim to build a body of qualified and experienced professionals who can establish and sustain their own EMDR training.MethodAuthors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision which was provided from the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK &Ireland with non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of EMDR to mental health therapists in BH.ResultsThe trainers from HAP UK & Ireland completed five EMDR trainings in BH (two in Tuzla and three in Sarajevo) for 100 recruited trainees from different BH health in...
Aim to examine users motivation of the Institute for upbringing male children and adolescents Sar... more Aim to examine users motivation of the Institute for upbringing male children and adolescents Sarajevo to participate in the implementation of resocialization programs from the perspective of social pedagogue. We interviewed six boys at the Insitute for upbringing male children and adolescents Sarajevo with writen consent of their responsible teachers. This is a qualitative study in which data were analyzed according to qualitative content analysis by Mayring. Research question in this paper was: „Are beneficiaries of the Institute for upbringing male children and adolescents in Sarajevo motivated to participate in re-socialization programs?’ At the Insitute for upbringing male children and adolescents Sarajevo among the users who participated in the survey the motivation for paritcipating in re-socialization programs is present in four juveniles who participated in this study, while one respondent was completely unmotivated Reasons for this may lie in individual users curiosity and their low time utilization during the stay at the Institute. The complete non-motivation of one user is the result of family factors and environment Users are mostly interested in taking part in sports and works activities. The participation of users in the current programmatic activities of the Institute is irregularly and insufficiently structured.
The primary objective will focus the first of all on Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitizatio... more The primary objective will focus the first of all on Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) as an evidence based intervention in the treatment of psycho-traumatized individuals. Its effectiveness has been validated by extensive research. It outlines in particular an EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Training Programme that took place in Tuzla University Clinical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) in response to 1992-1995 war, in helping to train mental health workers in EMDR to enable them to treat psychological trauma symptoms of war survivors. Method: Authors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision which was provided from the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK &Ireland with non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of EMDR to mental health therapists in BH. Results: Highly dedicated internationally approved trainers from HAP UK & Ireland provided completed EMDR training for 19 trainees: neuro-psychiatrists, residents of neuro-psychiatry and psychologists from eight different health institutions from six different cities in BH. Training started with 24 trainees, but five of them were prevented to complete training. To be accredited EMDR therapists all trainees are obliged to practice EMDR therapy with clients under the supervision process of HAP UK & Ireland supervisors. Because of physical distance between supervisors and trainees, supervision is organized via Skype Internet technology. Conclusion: Training of Bosnia-Herzegovina mental health workers to effectively use EMDR with enthusiastic help of EMDR trainers from HAP UK&Ireland will increase psychotherapy capacities in postwar BH.
Addiction does not mean "addiction to substances" only. At the core of the definition o... more Addiction does not mean "addiction to substances" only. At the core of the definition of substance dependence is the loss of control. Gambling addiction belongs to non-substance / non-chemical addictions or behavioral/behavioral addictions. The concept of behavioral addictions is new and revolutionary in psychiatry. Gambling addiction, formerly pathological or problematic gambling occurs due to loss of control over gambling. There is growing evidence to suggest that behavioral addictions resemble substance addictions in many domains, including phenomenology, tolerance, comorbidity, overlapping genetic contribution, neurobiological mechanisms, and response to treatment. Behavioral addiction has been proposed as a new class in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual Fifth Revision (DSM-5), but the only category included is gambling addiction. The prevalence of gambling disorders in adolescence is very high and for certain disorders (especially related to the use of the Internet) it becomes more pronounced over time. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive overview of gambling disorders from definition, epidemiology, manifestations, comorbidities, assessment, treatment options, and existing forms of treatment. Given the complexity of the approach to the treatment of gamblers, a creative individualized integrative approach is necessary, which is the basis of creative psychopharmacotherapy. Due to the possibility of the emergence of problem gambling and other impulse-control deficits we need to be very careful when commencing a patient on dopamine replacement therapy or therapy with aripiprazole.
Since it is generally known that the human body is the best image of the human soul, this paper a... more Since it is generally known that the human body is the best image of the human soul, this paper aims to explain how important body language is when diagnosing psychiatric diagnosis "depression". It is important to point out the importance of other alternative approaches in the treatment of depression when standard psychopharmacotherapy is not enough. Body language is a powerful form of non-verbal communication that provides important traces of intentions, emotions, and motivations in other people. In everyday life, we collect information about what people think and feel by their body posture, manners, and gestures. Evaluations of clinical depression are traditionally based on verbal information. However, non-verbal expressive behavior, related to reflexive feedback of a person, may reveal negative emotional or social processes that are not fully controlled by patients therapy, along with other artistic therapies (art therapy, drama therapy, and music therapy are other artistic therapies that are applied in Great Britain) offers an attractive opportunity for patients because it enables them to work on those issues that are placed on non-verbal and pre-verbal level. Creative psychofarmacotherapy is the concept that involves creativity as its main means. In this context, the importance of physical activity and body movements will be emphasized in the treatment of depression, when regular psychopharmacotherapy is not sufficient. To conclude, the patient has the right to actively take part in creating a therapeutic relationship and responsibly contributes to overcoming psychopathology. The importance of physical activities and body movements is emphasized in the treatment of depressive people. Studies have shown that the anti-depressive effect of physical activity is increased with simultaneous use of antidepressants, as well as that movement therapy and music therapy, together with regular pharmacotherapeutic methods, help with fast recovery and that they can be used in a creative approach to problem-solving.
The paper gives an approximate significance of religion in the mental health of believers. Islami... more The paper gives an approximate significance of religion in the mental health of believers. Islamic views of the soul are presented, as a basic principle of human life. The correct, beneficial effects in the attitudes and behavior of individuals towards their souls are also shown. It is also shown what can negatively affect the soul, which creates a basis for the disruption of mental well-being, which causes a mental disorder or mental illness. The paper focused on Islam, as a complete worldview based on the theory of the Revelation of the Qur'an and the practices of God's Messenger, Muhammad, peace be upon him (p.b.u.h.) through which the Revelation was given to all mankind. The basic Islamic theoretical and practical principles and their beneficial protective and healing effect on the mental, psychosocial and psychosomatic well-being of the individual and the community are enumerated and briefly explained when the daily routine of Islamic living is properly applied. The paper presents the basic Islamic principles that help people who suffer sudden, short-term or long-term troubles and catastrophes, because of which psychological trauma and its acute and chronic consequences are formed, which makes the treatment of traumatized faster, and more efficient.
Although the issue of death and fear of it is one of the oldest issues that man has dealt with, m... more Although the issue of death and fear of it is one of the oldest issues that man has dealt with, modern secular psychiatry today, as before, does not pay enough attention to the phenomenon of fear of death. The famous Islamic philosopher and physician Ibn Sina, better known in the West as Avicenna (980-1037), wrote A Treatise on the Cure for the Fear of Death and the Treatment of Anxiety Caused by It, more than nine centuries ago. Bosnian Islamic scholar Mehmed Handžić translated this treatise from Arabic into Bosnian 80 years ago. This paper provides basic data and a summary of this translation with a focus on the analysis of key terms from the Arabic language used by the author in the original paper from the perspective of today's psychiatric terminology and then its integral translation into English. In addition to its historical significance, we believe that this discussion has its practical significance today, so we hope that this paper could encourage further fruitful discussions in professional circles dealing with this topic.
Aim The Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) is an evidence based intervention in... more Aim The Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization (EMDR) is an evidence based intervention in the treatment of psycho-traumatized individuals. Its effectiveness has been validated by extensive research. It outlines in particular an EMDR Humanitarian Assistance Training Programme that took place in Sarajevo University Clinical Centre after the Tuzla University Clinical Centre, Department of Psychiatry, in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BH) in response to 1992-1995 war, in helping to train mental health workers in EMDR to enable them to treat psychological trauma symptoms of war survivors. Method Authors described educational process considering the history of idea and its realization through training levels and process of supervision which was provided from the Humanitarian Assistance Program (HAP) of UK &Ireland with non profit, humanitarian approach in sharing skills of EMDR to mental health therapists in BH. Results Highly dedicated internationally approved trainers from HAP UK & Ireland provided completed EMDR training for 33 recruited trainees of different professional background from different BH health institutions from different cities and entities in BH. To be accredited EMDR therapists all trainees are obliged to practice EMDR therapy with clients under the supervision process of HAP UK & Ireland supervisors. Because of physical distance between supervisors and trainees, supervision is organized via Skype Internet technology. Conclusion Training of Bosnia-Herzegovina mental health workers to effectively use EMDR with enthusiastic help of EMDR trainers from HAP UK&Ireland is continued through the next training organized in Sarajevo and it will increase psychotherapy capacities in postwar BH.
Aim: of this paper is to establish what kind of influence may have regularity of Namazs’ performi... more Aim: of this paper is to establish what kind of influence may have regularity of Namazs’ performing on mental stability and health of adolescents, in order that how these may have influenced on preventing of their social excluding. Methodology: The sample was consisted from 240 mentally and physically healthy secondary school adolescents of both genders, of age 15–18 years, equal in regard of school achievements, conduct, family structure and level of exposure to psychosocial distress. Participants were assessed in regard of regularity and frequency of prayer performing. Personality profile was assessed with Freiburg questionnaire of personality. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 10.00 program; we used Pearson's correlation test (r). Results: indicated that regularity of prayer performing and earlier acquired basic instruction about prayer was in positive correlation with mental stability during adolescence, particularly among boys. Conclusion: Performing of Namazs engages physical, mental and spiritual potentials of personality on individual and also on social plan; so it helps that developmental potentials direct to the way of forming emotionally more stabile person and in that way these will diminish risk of appearance of different forms of unadjusted behavior, in other words these preventing social excluding of young people.
I bn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no s... more I bn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief overview of his contribution to medicine and psychology through which his unique scientific and religious approach to the study of the phenomena of human being can be best seen. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time. These works contain synthesis of all Greek, Indian and Iranian medical schools, but also new breakthroughs achieved by Muslim scholars through their own experimentation and practice. Although he wrote many medical works, his most important one is El-Kanun fit-tib, which can be translated as The Canon of Medicine. It's made out of five books which systematically show everything known in the area of medicine up until that point in time. In it, Ibn Sina discusses, among other things, the structure of psychological apparatus of human being and the connection of psychological functions with the brain. He considered psychology to be very important for medicine, so in his psychological works he discusses, in great detail, the essence of human soul, consciousness, intellect and other psychological functions. He observed a man in his entirety, taking into consideration all aspects of his existence, paying special attention to spiritual knowledge and spiritual perfection, religiosity, and methods of achieving inner peace and well-being.
In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They e... more In this paper authors described some of the principles and theses of Hippocratic medicine. They emphasized that regardless existing controversial opinions as to whether Hippocrates stated some theses or not, and controversial views on some of his principles, he is often called the "father" of medicine, who laid the foundations in medicine as a science. Hippocrates gave recommendations on the doctor's behavior towards the patient, which is relevant up today. His holistic approach to medicine is becoming more and more relevant in the modern medicine. The application of the Hippocratic Oath today depends on the legislation of individual states, related to how legal solutions in some states are pro or contra to it. Authors opened and discussed his attitudes that mental illnesses are a sign of a diseased brain, his consideration the food as medicine and that the disease came from the intestines. Also issue of prognosis of the disease was opened and discussed as well as and Hippocrates's consideration of work and physical activity as the most appropriate medicine. Furthermore, authors considered importance of Hippocratic medicine related to Creative psychopharmacotherapy based on therapeutic communication and the creative satisfaction of needs in the therapeutic relationship with patients and in the recovery itself. Finally, an example of creatively use of the principle of Hippocratic medicine: "work as the most appropriate medicine" in therapeutic communication with patients through an ecological approach called "Ecopsychiatry", under the slogan presented in the media to the general public: "Cleansing nature improves your mental health" was described.
The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expandi... more The concept of mentalization is relatively new in modern psychiatry, whose utilization is expanding daily in working with clients suffering from mental illness. Mentalization enables the incorporation of several different theoretical models and therapeutic techniques into a single whole, which encourages a holistic and integrative approach to treating patients. This theoretical model looks at different spheres of mental states, both the client seeking medical help and the doctor himself in the therapeutic process. Consequently, providing an adequate basis for the creation of a therapeutic/working alliance, which is imposed in the age of modern psychiatry, as a "condition without which it is impossible" to achieve the desired therapeutic response. Therefore, it is necessary to creatively implement treatments while creating a "therapeutic/working alliance" between the patient and the doctor in order to improve the therapeutic response and change the patient's perception.
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no sc... more Ibn Sina (Avicenna) is primarily known for his philosophy and medicine, but there is almost no scientific discipline in which this great man didn't leave a significant mark. This paper gives a brief review of his contributions to medicine, especially to psychiatry. Medical works of Ibn Sina represent a pinnacle of most important medical achievements of his time. These works contain synthesis of all Greek, Indian and Iranian medical schools, but also new breakthroughs achieved by Muslim scholars through their own experimentation and practice. Although he wrote many medical works, his most important one is El-Kanun fit-tib, which can be translated as The Canon of Medicine. It's made out of five books which systematically show everything known in the area of medicine up until that point in time. In it, Ibn Sina discusses, among other things, the structure of psychological apparatus of human being and the connection of psychological functions with the brain as well as the role of psyche in etiology of somatic diseases. He also describes certain psychiatric diseases along with the explanation of their etiology and recommended therapy. He considered psychology to be very important for medicine, so in his psychological works he discusses, in great detail, the essence of human soul, consciousness, intellect and other psychological functions.
BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industria... more BACKGROUND Indian hemp (lat. Cannabis sativa subs. Indica) has been used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, medicine for some somatic diseases, and it is also used as a psychoactive substance. Cannabis can be used by smoking, evaporation, as a food ingredient, or as an extract. Acute and chronic cannabis use has been shown to be detrimental to several aspects of psychological and physical health and many experimental studies done on healthy people indicate the potential of Δ9- tetra hydro cannabinoid (THC) in inducing transient, dose-dependent psychotic symptoms, but also affective, behavioral, cognitive, neurovegetative, and psychophysical symptoms. Cannabis is the most commonly used illegal drug globally. In many communities, cannabis is perceived as a low-risk drug, leading to political lobbying to decriminalize its use. The wave of laws and initiatives to liberalize cannabis use continues to spread across the United States and the rest of the world, and there seems to be a political debate in the background about the potential risks and benefits of cannabis use. Aim is to present the possible consequences that the legalization of cannabis would have from the aspect of mental health and mental disorders. METHODS Authors reviewed the literature using PubMed resources on the effects of cannabis using the keywords: cannabis use, cannabis use and psychoticism, cannabis use and depression, cannabis use and anxiety, cannabis use and cognition, cannabis use and insomnia, legalization of cannabis. RESULTS Authors examined the effects of cannabis use on psychiatric disorders and the review of the legal status of cannabis use in the world was also made. The possible consequences of cannabis legalization on the public health system were also considered, based on experiences from countries where legalization has already been done. The evidence cited in this article suggests that strong claims about the need to legalize cannabis are still questionable, and may, even in the long run, remain mixed, inconclusive, or even contradictory. Political interference in this issue can trigger a wide range of unintended but profound and lasting consequences for the health system and the health of the individual. CONCLUSION We recommend further research on this topic and data collection with an emphasis on the effects and consequences of cannabis use on mental health, and in particular the benefits and harmful effects of medical cannabis use.
INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol... more INTRODUCTION Previous research has shown the simultaneous presence of health diseases and alcohol use disorder (AUD). This research emphasizes the importance of individual diseases, the simultaneous presence and connection of different diseases, which creates the conditions for more adequate treatment of patients with AUD. Determine somatic, neurological and psychiatric diseases in patients with AUD in the Tuzla Canton (TK) in the period from 01.01.2011. to 31.12.2015. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A retrospective study on the systematic cause of 1,863 patients with AUD recorded in the TK health system. RESULTS Among 1004 (53.9%) patients with AUD, somatic diseases were present; in men: arterial hypertension 573 (31.7%), alcoholic liver disease 269 (14.9%), diabetes mellitus 211 (11.7%); and in women: arterial hypertension 27 (49.1%), diabetes mellitus 27 (49.1%), elevated lipoproteins 3 (5.5%); alcoholic liver disease 1 (1.8%) and anemia 1 (1.8%). Among 1196 (64,2%) patients with AUD, neuro...
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