Cooperatives have traditionally been opposed to firms. However, rise of new forms of cooperatives... more Cooperatives have traditionally been opposed to firms. However, rise of new forms of cooperatives as well as emergence of new models of business organizations (platforms, especially in transport industry) demonstrates that this opposition is obsolete. The present paper introduces a taxonomy of business organizations that includes both firms and cooperatives as well as other forms of businesses. This taxonomy is based on the criteria of control over the economic organization and private identifiable assets that members of the economic organization possess. Cooperatives within this taxonomy are analyzed as business organizations, their dual nature is not taken into account. Only productive cooperatives are included in this taxonomy (producer cooperatives, marketing cooperatives etc). The paper demonstrates that there is a distinction between asset-based and labor-based cooperatives. The difference between various forms of cooperation in economic organizations is described. The paper introduces the definitions of explicit and implicit cooperation. Explicit cooperation exists in cooperatives, while implicit cooperation is typical for franchising and centralized platforms
The paper presents a new approach to the explanation of the failure of cooperative model in the p... more The paper presents a new approach to the explanation of the failure of cooperative model in the post-Soviet agriculture. This approach is based on the stakeholder theory: thus, performing all functions of heterogeneous stakeholders on the regular basis may be too resource-intensive, and cooperative members may not have enough competencies for such tasks. First, the study supplements the existing research by providing a new explanation for the non-attractiveness of the cooperative business organization for Russian farmers. Second, the paper presents a link between the stakeholder theory of cooperatives and the theory of cooperative organization as developed by Ivan Emelianoff (1995) in his groundbreaking work Economic Theory of Cooperation. Third, the study proves in a new way the hybrid nature of cooperatives. The author focuses on agricultural cooperatives; however, the conclusions are valid for cooperative organizations in other industries. The paper starts with a short note on methodology-a description of stakeholder theory as applied to the study of cooperative organizations and a study of the hybrid nature of cooperatives; then follows a review of main research directions in the study of the failure of the cooperative movement in Russian agriculture, a section on the contradictions between the stakeholder theory of cooperatives and the farmers' interests of farmers, and a section on the possible ways for resolving these contradictions. New forms of business organization should emerge as a compromise between an ideal firm and an ideal cooperative. These new forms would help farmers to benefit from cooperation instead of formal participation in it.
Digital transformation (digitization) of the financial industry is the reason behind the deep cha... more Digital transformation (digitization) of the financial industry is the reason behind the deep change in the models of interaction between actors in the financial market. However, a generally accepted interpretation of digitalization has not yet been proposed. The paper discusses the distinctive features of the financial industry digitalization and uses them as a basis for offering a unified description of the nature of this transformation. The methodological framework is the notion of three types of innovation – technology, organization, and product. The research methods used in the article are analysis and synthesis. The paper demonstrates how the types of innovation determine the nature of the digital transformation of the financial industry and how they are manifested in various digital financial products. Digital transformation of finance includes two aspects: (a) Fintech revolution, i.e. technological companies entering the financial market, and (b) adoption of innovative digit...
<jats:p>The goal of the present paper is to establish stages of evolution of approaches tow... more <jats:p>The goal of the present paper is to establish stages of evolution of approaches towards the understanding of nature of the economic entity. Importance of this analysis is based on the fact that both the understanding of this entity and terminology used to describe it has many contradictions. I propose and demonstrate the hypothesis that this evolution includes three stages (the first of them includes a separate substage). It is demonstrated that the economic entity represents now a more large notion than the firm, being rather an operator of non-market commercial transactions. The term «metafirm» is proposed to describe this operator. An example of metafirm is given, differences between the metafirm and the firm and the hybrid are described.</jats:p>
Introduction. The traditional model of restaurant business demonstrates an asymmetry between the ... more Introduction. The traditional model of restaurant business demonstrates an asymmetry between the structure of the complex service provided by restaurants and the structure of the customer payments, as restaurants normally charge only the price of meals while providing customers with a place for eating and offering them waiter services. This asymmetry creates mutual misunderstanding between restaurants and customers and undermines the performance of restaurants. Therefore, it creates a demand for a new model of monetization of restaurant service that would take into account the complex nature of these services. Study objects and methods. The paper reviews the existing practice of restaurant business. It focuses on the case study of the True Cost restaurant chain (Moscow, Russia), which is a typical example of the “true cost” model. Models of monetization are structured on the basis of strategic matrices method. Results and discussion. The author described the non-economic and economi...
The article gives an analysis of the problem of outsourcing in public management of the RF. It cl... more The article gives an analysis of the problem of outsourcing in public management of the RF. It clarifies the definition of the term of public services; proposes concepts of public service and public service product; discusses the hypothesis that outsourcing really can help improve the performance of the state structures by attracting external resources.Results: the resource and contact activities are most promising for outsourcing. However, outsourcing of government activities is associated with certain risks. Among the most important risks are: 1) the risk of leakage of secret information; 2) the abuse of power by an outsourcing company; 3) overpricing the services offered. The author suggests that risks be minimized through the strict regulation of the rights of parties to an outsourcing deal and constant control of the quality of cooperation.Conclusions: not all types of public management can be outsourced and, in some cases the use of outsourcing is associated with high enough risks. However, in general, outsourcing can be considered as an effective tool for improving the quality of public service, public service products, and for this reason the role of outsourcing in government operations will be enhanced.
The article analyzes the risks and benefits of international outsourcing for the Russian oil and ... more The article analyzes the risks and benefits of international outsourcing for the Russian oil and gas industry. It is shown that the dependence on non-Russia oil field servicers may lead to the technological obsolescence of the Russian oil and oil service industries and enable foreign operators to implicitly influence the efficiency of the Russian economy. It is shown that the dependence of Russian oil companies on foreign oil field service providers in 2014 affected not only individual companies, but the entire oil and gas industry. Given the importance of the oil and gas industry for Russia's economy, this
Cooperatives have traditionally been opposed to firms. However, rise of new forms of cooperatives... more Cooperatives have traditionally been opposed to firms. However, rise of new forms of cooperatives as well as emergence of new models of business organizations (platforms, especially in transport industry) demonstrates that this opposition is obsolete. The present paper introduces a taxonomy of business organizations that includes both firms and cooperatives as well as other forms of businesses. This taxonomy is based on the criteria of control over the economic organization and private identifiable assets that members of the economic organization possess. Cooperatives within this taxonomy are analyzed as business organizations, their dual nature is not taken into account. Only productive cooperatives are included in this taxonomy (producer cooperatives, marketing cooperatives etc). The paper demonstrates that there is a distinction between asset-based and labor-based cooperatives. The difference between various forms of cooperation in economic organizations is described. The paper introduces the definitions of explicit and implicit cooperation. Explicit cooperation exists in cooperatives, while implicit cooperation is typical for franchising and centralized platforms
The paper presents a new approach to the explanation of the failure of cooperative model in the p... more The paper presents a new approach to the explanation of the failure of cooperative model in the post-Soviet agriculture. This approach is based on the stakeholder theory: thus, performing all functions of heterogeneous stakeholders on the regular basis may be too resource-intensive, and cooperative members may not have enough competencies for such tasks. First, the study supplements the existing research by providing a new explanation for the non-attractiveness of the cooperative business organization for Russian farmers. Second, the paper presents a link between the stakeholder theory of cooperatives and the theory of cooperative organization as developed by Ivan Emelianoff (1995) in his groundbreaking work Economic Theory of Cooperation. Third, the study proves in a new way the hybrid nature of cooperatives. The author focuses on agricultural cooperatives; however, the conclusions are valid for cooperative organizations in other industries. The paper starts with a short note on methodology-a description of stakeholder theory as applied to the study of cooperative organizations and a study of the hybrid nature of cooperatives; then follows a review of main research directions in the study of the failure of the cooperative movement in Russian agriculture, a section on the contradictions between the stakeholder theory of cooperatives and the farmers' interests of farmers, and a section on the possible ways for resolving these contradictions. New forms of business organization should emerge as a compromise between an ideal firm and an ideal cooperative. These new forms would help farmers to benefit from cooperation instead of formal participation in it.
Digital transformation (digitization) of the financial industry is the reason behind the deep cha... more Digital transformation (digitization) of the financial industry is the reason behind the deep change in the models of interaction between actors in the financial market. However, a generally accepted interpretation of digitalization has not yet been proposed. The paper discusses the distinctive features of the financial industry digitalization and uses them as a basis for offering a unified description of the nature of this transformation. The methodological framework is the notion of three types of innovation – technology, organization, and product. The research methods used in the article are analysis and synthesis. The paper demonstrates how the types of innovation determine the nature of the digital transformation of the financial industry and how they are manifested in various digital financial products. Digital transformation of finance includes two aspects: (a) Fintech revolution, i.e. technological companies entering the financial market, and (b) adoption of innovative digit...
<jats:p>The goal of the present paper is to establish stages of evolution of approaches tow... more <jats:p>The goal of the present paper is to establish stages of evolution of approaches towards the understanding of nature of the economic entity. Importance of this analysis is based on the fact that both the understanding of this entity and terminology used to describe it has many contradictions. I propose and demonstrate the hypothesis that this evolution includes three stages (the first of them includes a separate substage). It is demonstrated that the economic entity represents now a more large notion than the firm, being rather an operator of non-market commercial transactions. The term «metafirm» is proposed to describe this operator. An example of metafirm is given, differences between the metafirm and the firm and the hybrid are described.</jats:p>
Introduction. The traditional model of restaurant business demonstrates an asymmetry between the ... more Introduction. The traditional model of restaurant business demonstrates an asymmetry between the structure of the complex service provided by restaurants and the structure of the customer payments, as restaurants normally charge only the price of meals while providing customers with a place for eating and offering them waiter services. This asymmetry creates mutual misunderstanding between restaurants and customers and undermines the performance of restaurants. Therefore, it creates a demand for a new model of monetization of restaurant service that would take into account the complex nature of these services. Study objects and methods. The paper reviews the existing practice of restaurant business. It focuses on the case study of the True Cost restaurant chain (Moscow, Russia), which is a typical example of the “true cost” model. Models of monetization are structured on the basis of strategic matrices method. Results and discussion. The author described the non-economic and economi...
The article gives an analysis of the problem of outsourcing in public management of the RF. It cl... more The article gives an analysis of the problem of outsourcing in public management of the RF. It clarifies the definition of the term of public services; proposes concepts of public service and public service product; discusses the hypothesis that outsourcing really can help improve the performance of the state structures by attracting external resources.Results: the resource and contact activities are most promising for outsourcing. However, outsourcing of government activities is associated with certain risks. Among the most important risks are: 1) the risk of leakage of secret information; 2) the abuse of power by an outsourcing company; 3) overpricing the services offered. The author suggests that risks be minimized through the strict regulation of the rights of parties to an outsourcing deal and constant control of the quality of cooperation.Conclusions: not all types of public management can be outsourced and, in some cases the use of outsourcing is associated with high enough risks. However, in general, outsourcing can be considered as an effective tool for improving the quality of public service, public service products, and for this reason the role of outsourcing in government operations will be enhanced.
The article analyzes the risks and benefits of international outsourcing for the Russian oil and ... more The article analyzes the risks and benefits of international outsourcing for the Russian oil and gas industry. It is shown that the dependence on non-Russia oil field servicers may lead to the technological obsolescence of the Russian oil and oil service industries and enable foreign operators to implicitly influence the efficiency of the Russian economy. It is shown that the dependence of Russian oil companies on foreign oil field service providers in 2014 affected not only individual companies, but the entire oil and gas industry. Given the importance of the oil and gas industry for Russia's economy, this
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Papers by Ivan Kotliarov