IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium w... more This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium window with vacuum glazing. Test measurements are performed with guarded hot-box method at defined temperature difference. They describe how the support pillars influence temperature distribution on the surface and how the edge vacuum glazing influence the heat flow through window. The deformation of the temperature field due to support pillars is surprisingly small and its range is from 0.40 K to 0.51 K with temperature difference on both sides of approximately 33 K. Decrease of internal surface temperature from the middle of glass to the edge is about 18.92 o C-12.37 o C = 6.55 K, and so it is considerable effect. The effect of the edge on the glazing is not explicitly quantified in the term of heat flow in this document, but is implicitly documented by means of surface temperature. Thermography was used to check if there are touching points between glasses where distance is from 0.15 to 0.2 mm. The vacuum glazing measured in this work was a sample, which was fabricated in Asian producer. The window was tested two years after delivery from the producer.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The current development in building energy efficiency towards nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB)... more The current development in building energy efficiency towards nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) represents a number of new challenges to design and construction. One of these major challenges is lowering the need for heating by means of highly insulated glazing units, unique glazing technologies, such as vacuum glazing (VG) or hybrid vacuum glazing (HVG). Hybrid vacuum glazing combines vacuum glazing with double glazing technology by adding one low-emissivity glass to the vacuum glazing using a thermally-improved spacer profile to eliminate the thermal bridge at the edge of the vacuum glazing. The gap between the vacuum glazing and the low-emission glass is filled with the inert gas Argon. The thermal performance of a hybrid vacuum glazing was tested using the guarded hot box method developed in accordance with the requirements of ISO 8990. Hybrid vacuum glazing has thermal transmittance about 0.43 W.m−-2.K−1.
Building energy design is currently going through a period of major changes. One key factor of th... more Building energy design is currently going through a period of major changes. One key factor of this is the adoption of nearly zero energy buildings as a long term goal for new buildings in most developed countries. To achieve this goal a lot of research is needed to accumulate knowledge and to utilize it in practical applications. Paper summarizes criteria and indicators prepared in law and technical documents in Slovakia.
This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium w... more This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium window with vacuum glazing. Test measurements are performed with guarded hot-box method at defined temperature difference. They describe how the support pillars influence temperature distribution on the surface and how the edge vacuum glazing influence the heat flow through window. The deformation of the temperature field due to support pillars is surprisingly small and its range is from 0.20 K to 0.46 K with temperature difference on both sides of approximately 20 K. Decrease of internal surface temperature from the middle of glass to the edge is about 20.04 – 16.15 = 3.89 K.
The terms solar heat gain coefficient, total solar energy transmittance or g-value are used to de... more The terms solar heat gain coefficient, total solar energy transmittance or g-value are used to describe the same quantity of glazing. This paper describes testing this quantity for the centre of glazing in laboratory. Testing procedure involves two stages. The first stage is to measure the density of heat flow rate through glazing with solar radiance. So density of heat flow involves solar heat gain and thermal transmission. The second stage is to measure the density of heat flow rate through glazing without solar radiance. Only thermal transmittance is assumed. The solar heat gain coefficient measuring apparatus in this paper includes solar simulator, climatic chambers (hot-box) and metering box.
The paper focuses the measurements of heat losses and solar gains of the Kunerts glazing compare... more The paper focuses the measurements of heat losses and solar gains of the Kunerts glazing compared to the ordinary insulating double glazing under actual climate condition in Slovakia. Both sample of glazing have the same thermal transmittance Ug = 1.1 Wm-2 K-1. Measurements were carried out in the Twin-Boxes in location Bratislava. The façade in which the measured samples were installed is oriented to the south. There was a long-term measurement in summer and winter conditions. Technical characteristics of the measured glazing samples and measured values of temperatures, surface temperatures, heat losses or gains, and local climatic conditions measured from the meteorological station located on the roof of the laboratory are described.
Energy labeling of windows has been introduced in some Member States of European Union - for exam... more Energy labeling of windows has been introduced in some Member States of European Union - for example Denmark, Finland, Slovakia and the UK. The UK BFRC scheme on window energy labeling has proved very efficient in communicating to the general public about the energy saving properties of high performance products thus contributing to their faster uptake. Slovak labeling system was introduced in 2008. The paper deals with main principles of energy rating system used in SLOVENERGOokno. National system for rating the energy efficiency of windows and is recognized within the Building Regulations as a method to show compliance for your replacement windows installation.
This paper is focused on new seasonal energy storage technology. World demands for energy are inc... more This paper is focused on new seasonal energy storage technology. World demands for energy are increasing at present, but the resources of fuel are limited. There is a prediction, that they will become rare and more expensive in subsequent years. The technology, which can contribute to increasing the efficiency of energy consumption, is thermal energy storage. The role of such energy storage systems is to accumulate heat, balancing temperature differences and achievement the most effective use of the collected energy. Thermal energy storage plays an important role in increasing the using of renewable energy.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The main objective of the calculations thermal performance properties of the edge of vacuum glazi... more The main objective of the calculations thermal performance properties of the edge of vacuum glazing was the quantification of the heat flow around edge of glazing. Additional heat flow around edge of glazing is expressed by means linear thermal transmittance. Linear thermal transmittance of the junction between edge vacuum glazing and wooden frame or wooden-aluminium frame was calculated by using a two dimensional (2D) numerical calculations. Edge sealing of vacuum glazing is assumed by means solder glass with Indium metal strip, so it is metal-based edge seal. In vacuum glazing the edge seal acts as a thermal bridge between the glass sheets. Heat flows from the glass sheet on the warm side through the edge seal to the sheet on the cold side, not only does it increase the overall thermal performance of the glazing, but also it causes temperature variation (decrease surface temperatures) and stress in the edge region.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
This document deals with the determination of thermal irregularities of woodaluminium window with... more This document deals with the determination of thermal irregularities of woodaluminium window with vacuum glazing. Test measurements were performed with guarded hot-box method at defined different temperature difference. They describe how the support pillars influence internal surface temperature distribution and how the edge vacuum glazing influence surface temperature around edge of vacuum glazing in wood-aluminium window. The deformation of the temperature field due to support pillars is surprisingly small and its range is from 0.20 K to 0.46 K with temperature difference on both sides of approximately 20 K. Decrease of internal surface temperature from the middle of the vacuum glass to edge is about 20.04-16.15 = 3.89 K, and so it is considerable effect. The effect of the edge on the glazing is not explicitly quantified in the term of heat flow in this document, but is implicitly documented by means of surface temperature. Thermography was used to check if there are touching points between glasses where distance is from 0.15 to 0.2 mm. The vacuum glazing measured in this work was a sample, which was fabricated in the Beijing Synergy Vacuum Glazing Technology Co., Ltd. The window was tested one year after delivery from the producer.
Energy labelling of windows has been introduced in some Member States - for example Denmark, Finl... more Energy labelling of windows has been introduced in some Member States - for example Denmark, Finland, Slovakia and the UK. The UK BFRC scheme on window energy labelling has proved very efficient in communicating to the general public about the energy saving properties of high performance products thus contributing to their faster uptake. Slovak labelling system was introduced in 2008. The paper deals with main principles of energy rating system used in Slovenergookno. National system for rating the energy efficiency of windows and is recognised within the Building Regulations as a method to show compliance for your replacement windows installation..
The value of the external surface resistance on the outside of the structure in the summer season... more The value of the external surface resistance on the outside of the structure in the summer season affects the energy need for cooling buildings. The paper analyzes the convection and radiation in the external environment for the current climate conditions of Slovakia in terms of their impact on the value of the external surface resistance to heat transfer in the months when it is expected cooling of buildings. Analysis of the external surface resistance to heat transfer on the outside of the structure for the monthly method of calculating the energy need for heating and cooling.
Analysis explains and demonstrates how double, triple and possible quadruple glazing affected ene... more Analysis explains and demonstrates how double, triple and possible quadruple glazing affected energy need for heating and cooling of model office building. The analysis covers the heating and cooling season. The question arises whether to aim at increasing the number of glass panes, or at improving the properties of existing glazing.
Thermal energy is necessary of many reasons. The most basic and most obvious includes food prepar... more Thermal energy is necessary of many reasons. The most basic and most obvious includes food preparation and delivery of heat. Thermal energy storage is actually a temporary storage at high temperatures, respectively at low temperatures. It is an advanced technology, which can reduce environmental impact and it can facilitate more efficient and cleaner energy system. Nowadays, these systems have ability to retain thermal energy for a period of three months or more. The aim of design of these systems is to keep the thermal energy in summer period and to use it for heating in winter period. The role of such storage systems is to accumulate the heat, to balance temperature differences and to achieve the most effective use of the collected energy. This paper is focused on thermal analysis of system, which contains concrete tank. It is a system with water as a storage medium and the cooling of the water was monitored for 30 days.
Energy prices are constantly rising and that ́s why people are always looking for new ways to red... more Energy prices are constantly rising and that ́s why people are always looking for new ways to reduce energy costs. The main trend is to eliminate heat losses to the maximum extent. The demands for more sophisticated outer insulation for building still envelope (roofs, floors, walls, doors, and windows) are growing. Increased demands are evident also in the standards used in this area. Buildings with nearly zero energy (nZEB) become not only a vision but reality. Several ways for reduction of the energy needs are offered. The application of various colour adjustments of the building facade is one of the options. The impact of colour on the demand for heating and cooling at different thermal insulation capability is analyzed from the thermo - technical point of view. However, the question is whether it is possible to influence the annual costs for heating and cooling through the selection of facade colour (respectively through the absorption of solar radiation). We can say that today&...
Analysis of energy consumption during the operation of the renewed elementary school in Lietavska... more Analysis of energy consumption during the operation of the renewed elementary school in Lietavská Lúčka, which uses renewable energy sources. The results are based on the consumption of natural gas and electricity according to data from the meters of market suppliers of energy from 2006 to 2013.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019
This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium w... more This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium window with vacuum glazing. Test measurements are performed with guarded hot-box method at defined temperature difference. They describe how the support pillars influence temperature distribution on the surface and how the edge vacuum glazing influence the heat flow through window. The deformation of the temperature field due to support pillars is surprisingly small and its range is from 0.40 K to 0.51 K with temperature difference on both sides of approximately 33 K. Decrease of internal surface temperature from the middle of glass to the edge is about 18.92 o C-12.37 o C = 6.55 K, and so it is considerable effect. The effect of the edge on the glazing is not explicitly quantified in the term of heat flow in this document, but is implicitly documented by means of surface temperature. Thermography was used to check if there are touching points between glasses where distance is from 0.15 to 0.2 mm. The vacuum glazing measured in this work was a sample, which was fabricated in Asian producer. The window was tested two years after delivery from the producer.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The current development in building energy efficiency towards nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB)... more The current development in building energy efficiency towards nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) represents a number of new challenges to design and construction. One of these major challenges is lowering the need for heating by means of highly insulated glazing units, unique glazing technologies, such as vacuum glazing (VG) or hybrid vacuum glazing (HVG). Hybrid vacuum glazing combines vacuum glazing with double glazing technology by adding one low-emissivity glass to the vacuum glazing using a thermally-improved spacer profile to eliminate the thermal bridge at the edge of the vacuum glazing. The gap between the vacuum glazing and the low-emission glass is filled with the inert gas Argon. The thermal performance of a hybrid vacuum glazing was tested using the guarded hot box method developed in accordance with the requirements of ISO 8990. Hybrid vacuum glazing has thermal transmittance about 0.43 W.m−-2.K−1.
Building energy design is currently going through a period of major changes. One key factor of th... more Building energy design is currently going through a period of major changes. One key factor of this is the adoption of nearly zero energy buildings as a long term goal for new buildings in most developed countries. To achieve this goal a lot of research is needed to accumulate knowledge and to utilize it in practical applications. Paper summarizes criteria and indicators prepared in law and technical documents in Slovakia.
This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium w... more This document deals with the determination of thermal transmission properties of wood-aluminium window with vacuum glazing. Test measurements are performed with guarded hot-box method at defined temperature difference. They describe how the support pillars influence temperature distribution on the surface and how the edge vacuum glazing influence the heat flow through window. The deformation of the temperature field due to support pillars is surprisingly small and its range is from 0.20 K to 0.46 K with temperature difference on both sides of approximately 20 K. Decrease of internal surface temperature from the middle of glass to the edge is about 20.04 – 16.15 = 3.89 K.
The terms solar heat gain coefficient, total solar energy transmittance or g-value are used to de... more The terms solar heat gain coefficient, total solar energy transmittance or g-value are used to describe the same quantity of glazing. This paper describes testing this quantity for the centre of glazing in laboratory. Testing procedure involves two stages. The first stage is to measure the density of heat flow rate through glazing with solar radiance. So density of heat flow involves solar heat gain and thermal transmission. The second stage is to measure the density of heat flow rate through glazing without solar radiance. Only thermal transmittance is assumed. The solar heat gain coefficient measuring apparatus in this paper includes solar simulator, climatic chambers (hot-box) and metering box.
The paper focuses the measurements of heat losses and solar gains of the Kunerts glazing compare... more The paper focuses the measurements of heat losses and solar gains of the Kunerts glazing compared to the ordinary insulating double glazing under actual climate condition in Slovakia. Both sample of glazing have the same thermal transmittance Ug = 1.1 Wm-2 K-1. Measurements were carried out in the Twin-Boxes in location Bratislava. The façade in which the measured samples were installed is oriented to the south. There was a long-term measurement in summer and winter conditions. Technical characteristics of the measured glazing samples and measured values of temperatures, surface temperatures, heat losses or gains, and local climatic conditions measured from the meteorological station located on the roof of the laboratory are described.
Energy labeling of windows has been introduced in some Member States of European Union - for exam... more Energy labeling of windows has been introduced in some Member States of European Union - for example Denmark, Finland, Slovakia and the UK. The UK BFRC scheme on window energy labeling has proved very efficient in communicating to the general public about the energy saving properties of high performance products thus contributing to their faster uptake. Slovak labeling system was introduced in 2008. The paper deals with main principles of energy rating system used in SLOVENERGOokno. National system for rating the energy efficiency of windows and is recognized within the Building Regulations as a method to show compliance for your replacement windows installation.
This paper is focused on new seasonal energy storage technology. World demands for energy are inc... more This paper is focused on new seasonal energy storage technology. World demands for energy are increasing at present, but the resources of fuel are limited. There is a prediction, that they will become rare and more expensive in subsequent years. The technology, which can contribute to increasing the efficiency of energy consumption, is thermal energy storage. The role of such energy storage systems is to accumulate heat, balancing temperature differences and achievement the most effective use of the collected energy. Thermal energy storage plays an important role in increasing the using of renewable energy.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The main objective of the calculations thermal performance properties of the edge of vacuum glazi... more The main objective of the calculations thermal performance properties of the edge of vacuum glazing was the quantification of the heat flow around edge of glazing. Additional heat flow around edge of glazing is expressed by means linear thermal transmittance. Linear thermal transmittance of the junction between edge vacuum glazing and wooden frame or wooden-aluminium frame was calculated by using a two dimensional (2D) numerical calculations. Edge sealing of vacuum glazing is assumed by means solder glass with Indium metal strip, so it is metal-based edge seal. In vacuum glazing the edge seal acts as a thermal bridge between the glass sheets. Heat flows from the glass sheet on the warm side through the edge seal to the sheet on the cold side, not only does it increase the overall thermal performance of the glazing, but also it causes temperature variation (decrease surface temperatures) and stress in the edge region.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
This document deals with the determination of thermal irregularities of woodaluminium window with... more This document deals with the determination of thermal irregularities of woodaluminium window with vacuum glazing. Test measurements were performed with guarded hot-box method at defined different temperature difference. They describe how the support pillars influence internal surface temperature distribution and how the edge vacuum glazing influence surface temperature around edge of vacuum glazing in wood-aluminium window. The deformation of the temperature field due to support pillars is surprisingly small and its range is from 0.20 K to 0.46 K with temperature difference on both sides of approximately 20 K. Decrease of internal surface temperature from the middle of the vacuum glass to edge is about 20.04-16.15 = 3.89 K, and so it is considerable effect. The effect of the edge on the glazing is not explicitly quantified in the term of heat flow in this document, but is implicitly documented by means of surface temperature. Thermography was used to check if there are touching points between glasses where distance is from 0.15 to 0.2 mm. The vacuum glazing measured in this work was a sample, which was fabricated in the Beijing Synergy Vacuum Glazing Technology Co., Ltd. The window was tested one year after delivery from the producer.
Energy labelling of windows has been introduced in some Member States - for example Denmark, Finl... more Energy labelling of windows has been introduced in some Member States - for example Denmark, Finland, Slovakia and the UK. The UK BFRC scheme on window energy labelling has proved very efficient in communicating to the general public about the energy saving properties of high performance products thus contributing to their faster uptake. Slovak labelling system was introduced in 2008. The paper deals with main principles of energy rating system used in Slovenergookno. National system for rating the energy efficiency of windows and is recognised within the Building Regulations as a method to show compliance for your replacement windows installation..
The value of the external surface resistance on the outside of the structure in the summer season... more The value of the external surface resistance on the outside of the structure in the summer season affects the energy need for cooling buildings. The paper analyzes the convection and radiation in the external environment for the current climate conditions of Slovakia in terms of their impact on the value of the external surface resistance to heat transfer in the months when it is expected cooling of buildings. Analysis of the external surface resistance to heat transfer on the outside of the structure for the monthly method of calculating the energy need for heating and cooling.
Analysis explains and demonstrates how double, triple and possible quadruple glazing affected ene... more Analysis explains and demonstrates how double, triple and possible quadruple glazing affected energy need for heating and cooling of model office building. The analysis covers the heating and cooling season. The question arises whether to aim at increasing the number of glass panes, or at improving the properties of existing glazing.
Thermal energy is necessary of many reasons. The most basic and most obvious includes food prepar... more Thermal energy is necessary of many reasons. The most basic and most obvious includes food preparation and delivery of heat. Thermal energy storage is actually a temporary storage at high temperatures, respectively at low temperatures. It is an advanced technology, which can reduce environmental impact and it can facilitate more efficient and cleaner energy system. Nowadays, these systems have ability to retain thermal energy for a period of three months or more. The aim of design of these systems is to keep the thermal energy in summer period and to use it for heating in winter period. The role of such storage systems is to accumulate the heat, to balance temperature differences and to achieve the most effective use of the collected energy. This paper is focused on thermal analysis of system, which contains concrete tank. It is a system with water as a storage medium and the cooling of the water was monitored for 30 days.
Energy prices are constantly rising and that ́s why people are always looking for new ways to red... more Energy prices are constantly rising and that ́s why people are always looking for new ways to reduce energy costs. The main trend is to eliminate heat losses to the maximum extent. The demands for more sophisticated outer insulation for building still envelope (roofs, floors, walls, doors, and windows) are growing. Increased demands are evident also in the standards used in this area. Buildings with nearly zero energy (nZEB) become not only a vision but reality. Several ways for reduction of the energy needs are offered. The application of various colour adjustments of the building facade is one of the options. The impact of colour on the demand for heating and cooling at different thermal insulation capability is analyzed from the thermo - technical point of view. However, the question is whether it is possible to influence the annual costs for heating and cooling through the selection of facade colour (respectively through the absorption of solar radiation). We can say that today&...
Analysis of energy consumption during the operation of the renewed elementary school in Lietavska... more Analysis of energy consumption during the operation of the renewed elementary school in Lietavská Lúčka, which uses renewable energy sources. The results are based on the consumption of natural gas and electricity according to data from the meters of market suppliers of energy from 2006 to 2013.
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Papers by Ivan Chmurny