Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe)
Recently, photogrammetry has become a relatively easy and low-cost method for cultural heritage 3... more Recently, photogrammetry has become a relatively easy and low-cost method for cultural heritage 3D reconstruction. Plenty of free and open-source photogrammetry programs have been developed, but not all of them provide an adequate solution for the 3D reconstruction of cultural heritage. In this research, an overview of the state-of-the-art open-source photogrammetry programs was done. In order to investigate whether among the open-source software packages there is an adequate alternative to the commercial software for the purpose of cultural heritage 3D reconstruction, the open-source software-AliceVision Meshroom was compared to the most commonly used commercial software Agisoft Metashape. The programs were compared on the examples of cultural heritage objects and according to the predefined criteria that are important for achieving detailed and accurate 3D reconstruction. The results of testing and comparing the 3D reconstructions obtained using Meshroom and Metashape were illustrated and explained through two case studies of antic objects of cultural heritage, characterized by similar materialization, but different geometric shapes.
In recent years, digitization of cultural heritage objects, for the purpose of creating virtual m... more In recent years, digitization of cultural heritage objects, for the purpose of creating virtual museums, is becoming increasingly popular. Moreover, cultural institutions use modern digitization methods to create three-dimensional (3D) models of objects of historical significance to form digital libraries and archives. This research aims to suggest a method for protecting these 3D models from abuse while making them available on the Internet. The proposed method was applied to a sculpture, an object of cultural heritage. It is based on the digitization of the sculpture altered by adding local clay details proposed by the sculptor and on sharing on the Internet a 3D model obtained by digitizing the sculpture with a built-in error. The clay details embedded in the sculpture are asymmetrical and discreet to be unnoticeable to an average observer. The original sculpture was also digitized and its 3D model created. The obtained 3D models were compared and the geometry deviation was measu...
During recent years, the synergy of virtual reality (VR) and photogrammetry has become an increas... more During recent years, the synergy of virtual reality (VR) and photogrammetry has become an increasingly prevalent way to visualize, represent, preserve and disseminate cultural heritage objects. Photogrammetry offers a reliable method for a faithful and accurate image-based modeling of real-world objects, while VR applications provide not only visualization, but also an immersive and interactive experience of the photogrammetrically reconstructed cultural heritage. This research aims to create and apply the method for providing VR experience in the context of cultural heritage by developing a workflow for the VR applications based on photogrammetric models. The proposed workflow was applied on the iconostasis of the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral church of Saint Nicholas in Sremski Karlovci (Serbia). The presented method is based on the following main steps: generation ofan accurate 3D reconstruction of the iconostasisusing photogrammetry, the 3D model optimization, retopology, control a...
Three-dimensional digitization technologies have been proved as reliable methods for detailed and... more Three-dimensional digitization technologies have been proved as reliable methods for detailed and accurate spatial data collection from existing cultural heritage. In addition, the point segmentation techniques are particularly relevant for contour detection and classification of the unstructured point cloud. This paper describes an approach to obtain 2D CAD-like visualizations of complex geometry from photogrammetric models so that the detected contours of particular object elements can be used for 2D shape analysis. The work process uses the point clouds derived from photogrammetric models to create the plane visualization of the object’s geometry by segmenting points based on the verticality geometric feature. The research presented is on the case studies of iconostases as the specific art and architectural elements of the Christian Orthodox church that can be appreciated only in situ. To determine relations between the characteristics of the particular shapes and the iconostases...
This research describes an image-based algorithm for a shape recognition of an architectural elem... more This research describes an image-based algorithm for a shape recognition of an architectural element from an image. Given an orthophoto of a particular element such as a window, and a query image of the object facade, the algorithm estimates the level of matching to the shape of an observed window. In order to test and evaluate the algorithm, images of two church facades, containing windows distinguished by their specific shape of a long opening with pointed arches, have been used. The proposed algorithm for shape recognition is semi-automatic and it relies on geometric shape representation.
This paper presents an overview of the use of Augmented Reality in the area of architecture and c... more This paper presents an overview of the use of Augmented Reality in the area of architecture and cultural heritage visualization. The subject of this research are objects that have significant cultural and historical values which, for different reasons, cannot be perceived in their real environment. Using two case-studies, the processes of 3D reconstruction, optimization and AR presentation of the reality models are described in detail. The 3D models are created by using photogrammetry and the AR visualization is performed by using an existing platform for the AR presentation. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of incorporating photogrammetry and augmented reality for the visualization of different types of object features.
The aim of this research is to analyse, numerically describe and classify the elements from the i... more The aim of this research is to analyse, numerically describe and classify the elements from the image, using the shape descriptors. The paper discusses standard shape descriptors based on discrete moments associated with the certain element shape, as well as their combinations with other global shape descriptors. The new shapebased object analysis approach is illustrated by studying two essentially diverse types of the engineering elements, different by their nature and origin, but similar according to the visual representation of their shape characteristics. The usefulness and efficiency of the considered descriptors in such classification tasks is illustrated by experimental results.
Symmetry: Art and Science | 12th SIS-Symmetry Congress
This paper presents some examples of symmetry and asymmetry in the geometry of 3D digital charact... more This paper presents some examples of symmetry and asymmetry in the geometry of 3D digital character, as well as in its movement. This is one of the topics studied in the Computer Graphics studies, which have existed for 11 years at the Faculty of Technical Sciences at the Uni- versity in Novi Sad. The first goal of this paper is to show how to create a 3D digital character, which consists of a surface called Mesh that connects to a system that allows the movement of that character, and that the system consists of a bone system with associated controls and is called a rig. The character is most often created using symmetry, namely, a mesh of one half of the character is created and then the other half of the character is obtained by creating a symmetrical half, and the plane of symmetry is a vertical plane that halves the character. The second goal is to show that the 3D character created in this way can be geometrically symmetric or asymmetric. The next goal is to show how symmetric...
This paper is part of ongoing research which aims is to develop the methodology for the church he... more This paper is part of ongoing research which aims is to develop the methodology for the church heritage digitization and visualization. The subject of the presented work is the iconostasis, as a significant part of the Christian Orthodox church heritage, distinguished by its bilateral character, as an architectural element of a church interior and an art piece composed of icons. Considering that iconostases can be seen only in situ, we developed the methodology for its digitization and virtual representation dissemination, which provides a user with the possibility to visualize iconostases outside the physical borders of sacral interiors. The proposed methodology relies on techniques for photogrammetric surveying, 3D modeling, and augmented reality visualization, and it is presented in a particular case study of the iconostasis. An outcome is shown as the multimedia presentation of an exhibition, realized throughout collaboration between the university and the museum.
Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe)
Recently, photogrammetry has become a relatively easy and low-cost method for cultural heritage 3... more Recently, photogrammetry has become a relatively easy and low-cost method for cultural heritage 3D reconstruction. Plenty of free and open-source photogrammetry programs have been developed, but not all of them provide an adequate solution for the 3D reconstruction of cultural heritage. In this research, an overview of the state-of-the-art open-source photogrammetry programs was done. In order to investigate whether among the open-source software packages there is an adequate alternative to the commercial software for the purpose of cultural heritage 3D reconstruction, the open-source software-AliceVision Meshroom was compared to the most commonly used commercial software Agisoft Metashape. The programs were compared on the examples of cultural heritage objects and according to the predefined criteria that are important for achieving detailed and accurate 3D reconstruction. The results of testing and comparing the 3D reconstructions obtained using Meshroom and Metashape were illustrated and explained through two case studies of antic objects of cultural heritage, characterized by similar materialization, but different geometric shapes.
In recent years, digitization of cultural heritage objects, for the purpose of creating virtual m... more In recent years, digitization of cultural heritage objects, for the purpose of creating virtual museums, is becoming increasingly popular. Moreover, cultural institutions use modern digitization methods to create three-dimensional (3D) models of objects of historical significance to form digital libraries and archives. This research aims to suggest a method for protecting these 3D models from abuse while making them available on the Internet. The proposed method was applied to a sculpture, an object of cultural heritage. It is based on the digitization of the sculpture altered by adding local clay details proposed by the sculptor and on sharing on the Internet a 3D model obtained by digitizing the sculpture with a built-in error. The clay details embedded in the sculpture are asymmetrical and discreet to be unnoticeable to an average observer. The original sculpture was also digitized and its 3D model created. The obtained 3D models were compared and the geometry deviation was measu...
During recent years, the synergy of virtual reality (VR) and photogrammetry has become an increas... more During recent years, the synergy of virtual reality (VR) and photogrammetry has become an increasingly prevalent way to visualize, represent, preserve and disseminate cultural heritage objects. Photogrammetry offers a reliable method for a faithful and accurate image-based modeling of real-world objects, while VR applications provide not only visualization, but also an immersive and interactive experience of the photogrammetrically reconstructed cultural heritage. This research aims to create and apply the method for providing VR experience in the context of cultural heritage by developing a workflow for the VR applications based on photogrammetric models. The proposed workflow was applied on the iconostasis of the Serbian Orthodox Cathedral church of Saint Nicholas in Sremski Karlovci (Serbia). The presented method is based on the following main steps: generation ofan accurate 3D reconstruction of the iconostasisusing photogrammetry, the 3D model optimization, retopology, control a...
Three-dimensional digitization technologies have been proved as reliable methods for detailed and... more Three-dimensional digitization technologies have been proved as reliable methods for detailed and accurate spatial data collection from existing cultural heritage. In addition, the point segmentation techniques are particularly relevant for contour detection and classification of the unstructured point cloud. This paper describes an approach to obtain 2D CAD-like visualizations of complex geometry from photogrammetric models so that the detected contours of particular object elements can be used for 2D shape analysis. The work process uses the point clouds derived from photogrammetric models to create the plane visualization of the object’s geometry by segmenting points based on the verticality geometric feature. The research presented is on the case studies of iconostases as the specific art and architectural elements of the Christian Orthodox church that can be appreciated only in situ. To determine relations between the characteristics of the particular shapes and the iconostases...
This research describes an image-based algorithm for a shape recognition of an architectural elem... more This research describes an image-based algorithm for a shape recognition of an architectural element from an image. Given an orthophoto of a particular element such as a window, and a query image of the object facade, the algorithm estimates the level of matching to the shape of an observed window. In order to test and evaluate the algorithm, images of two church facades, containing windows distinguished by their specific shape of a long opening with pointed arches, have been used. The proposed algorithm for shape recognition is semi-automatic and it relies on geometric shape representation.
This paper presents an overview of the use of Augmented Reality in the area of architecture and c... more This paper presents an overview of the use of Augmented Reality in the area of architecture and cultural heritage visualization. The subject of this research are objects that have significant cultural and historical values which, for different reasons, cannot be perceived in their real environment. Using two case-studies, the processes of 3D reconstruction, optimization and AR presentation of the reality models are described in detail. The 3D models are created by using photogrammetry and the AR visualization is performed by using an existing platform for the AR presentation. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance of incorporating photogrammetry and augmented reality for the visualization of different types of object features.
The aim of this research is to analyse, numerically describe and classify the elements from the i... more The aim of this research is to analyse, numerically describe and classify the elements from the image, using the shape descriptors. The paper discusses standard shape descriptors based on discrete moments associated with the certain element shape, as well as their combinations with other global shape descriptors. The new shapebased object analysis approach is illustrated by studying two essentially diverse types of the engineering elements, different by their nature and origin, but similar according to the visual representation of their shape characteristics. The usefulness and efficiency of the considered descriptors in such classification tasks is illustrated by experimental results.
Symmetry: Art and Science | 12th SIS-Symmetry Congress
This paper presents some examples of symmetry and asymmetry in the geometry of 3D digital charact... more This paper presents some examples of symmetry and asymmetry in the geometry of 3D digital character, as well as in its movement. This is one of the topics studied in the Computer Graphics studies, which have existed for 11 years at the Faculty of Technical Sciences at the Uni- versity in Novi Sad. The first goal of this paper is to show how to create a 3D digital character, which consists of a surface called Mesh that connects to a system that allows the movement of that character, and that the system consists of a bone system with associated controls and is called a rig. The character is most often created using symmetry, namely, a mesh of one half of the character is created and then the other half of the character is obtained by creating a symmetrical half, and the plane of symmetry is a vertical plane that halves the character. The second goal is to show that the 3D character created in this way can be geometrically symmetric or asymmetric. The next goal is to show how symmetric...
This paper is part of ongoing research which aims is to develop the methodology for the church he... more This paper is part of ongoing research which aims is to develop the methodology for the church heritage digitization and visualization. The subject of the presented work is the iconostasis, as a significant part of the Christian Orthodox church heritage, distinguished by its bilateral character, as an architectural element of a church interior and an art piece composed of icons. Considering that iconostases can be seen only in situ, we developed the methodology for its digitization and virtual representation dissemination, which provides a user with the possibility to visualize iconostases outside the physical borders of sacral interiors. The proposed methodology relies on techniques for photogrammetric surveying, 3D modeling, and augmented reality visualization, and it is presented in a particular case study of the iconostasis. An outcome is shown as the multimedia presentation of an exhibition, realized throughout collaboration between the university and the museum.
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