Journal of pharmaceutical research international, Feb 28, 2022
Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney... more Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney disease, little or no attention has been paid to the existence of polycystic kidney disease in Nigeria. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of some risk factors of ADPKD among hypertensive adult patients in
between signs and symptoms of BPH and RI in their population-based sample of 467 white men [9]: t... more between signs and symptoms of BPH and RI in their population-based sample of 467 white men [9]: there was a significant association between RI and BPH. Studies in Africa have shown that countries like Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon have similar prevalence of 25% of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in kidney disease [10]. In the United State of America, 13.6% of men with BPH have been reported to have chronic renal failure [11]. The impact of BPH and renal impairment on health should not be underestimated as it accounts for about 10% of hospital admission in Nigeria [6]. The most successful approach to detect BPH is the use of percent fPSA= fPSA × 100/tPSA, where f=free and t=total
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2022
Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney... more Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney disease, little or no attention has been paid to the existence of polycystic kidney disease in Nigeria. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of some risk factors of ADPKD among hypertensive adult patients in NAUTH, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria Study design: A cross-sectional and prospective study Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Medical out-patient, cardiology and nephrology units of NAUTH Nnewi between February and June, 2019. Methodology: A total of 160(80 newly diagnosed hypertensive and 80 normotensive subjects) aged between 25-75 years were randomly selected. Estimation of serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total calcium, eGFR and total protein, BMI and waist-hip ratio of the subjects were taken were done using standard laboratory methods. Results: 12.5% of the hypertensive subjects have undergone dialysis, 7.5% had kidney transplant, 13....
Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, 2021
This study was designed to investigate the effects of Juglan nigra lectin on haematological param... more This study was designed to investigate the effects of Juglan nigra lectin on haematological parameters and lethal dose of rats. An authenticated Juglan nigra (UBHP401) collected from Lokoja was used to extract lectin and treated on Swiss Wistar rats (n=35) and (n=17) with weights from 75-129g for haematological parameters and LD50 respectively. The Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups labeled A, B, C, D, and E. Lectin concentrations were prepared and administered at stipulated days. Group A served as control, group B received 30%, C received 50%, D received 70% and group E received 90% of lectin intraperitoneally. Samples (Baseline-BL, First Harvests-FH and Second Harvest-SH) were collected from all the groups and analyzed for the following haematological parameters: white blood count (WBC), Red Blood count (RBC), Haemoglobin (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), platelet count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocytes, eosinophil and basophil. The data were analysed using two-way ana...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
This was a cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the use of albumin, hepatic lipase (HL) and li... more This was a cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the use of albumin, hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme as predictive markers of treatment failure in HIV-1 infected individuals. 154 participants {40 (group A), 35 (group B) on antiretroviral drugs (Test group) and 79 (group C) HIV naive participants (Control group)} aged 18 and 65 years were randomly recruited. Blood sample was collected from each test participant 6 months apart and once from control for determination of Albumin, HL, LPL, viral load (VL), CD4+ cells count. VL was significantly decreased while, Albumin, HL and LPL activities were significantly higher in test participants when compared with control P ≤ 0.05 respectively). Biochemical markers in test participants at 6 months of therapy were significantly lower compared with 12 months of therapy (P ≤ 0.05). Albumin and VL correlated positively with CD4 count while, lamivudine, nevirapine, tenofovir, HL, LPL correlated strongly and negatively wit...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with altered metabolism and increased energy exp... more Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with altered metabolism and increased energy expenditure, this energy requirement increases significantly as the HIV disease progresses. This study aimed on the use of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Guanosine triphosphate (GTP), Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as an index of energy utilization, storage and energy balance in HIV infected individuals. This is a longitudinal, prospective, case-controlled study involving seventy seven (77) HIV Sero-positive individuals newly diagnosed attending retroviral disease treatment centre of Nnamdi Azikiwe University University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) aged 18-60 years both male and female not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), were enrolled in the study as test subjects and thirty six (36) apparently healthy HIV Sero-negative individuals both male and female as control subjects. ATP, GTP, ADP and AMP were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (...
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2020
The practice of herbal medication is as old as the culture of the people and despite the advent o... more The practice of herbal medication is as old as the culture of the people and despite the advent of modern medication, many people of south eastern Nigeria, still patronizes herbal medication. Herbal medications are consumed directly and could be contaminated with mycotoxins which are detrimental to human and animal health. This study was therefore, designed to determine the extent of mycotoxin contamination of herbal medications on sale in Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria. In this regard, a multistage random sampling technique was used to select 19 herbal medication samples from stores and markets in Ebonyi State, Nigeria and evaluated for occurrence of three major mycotoxins- aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins (FB). Employing wet extraction procedure, mycotoxin occurrence and levels were determined via lateral flow immunoassay technique. Results showed high prevalence of all three mycotoxins in the samples in the order OTA (89.47%), FB (82.46%) and AF (82.21%). ...
Background: There is limited information on if HIV infection induces stress in pregnancy. HIV can... more Background: There is limited information on if HIV infection induces stress in pregnancy. HIV can possibly contribute to the alterations in some fetal viability hormones thereby lead to adverse pregnancy outcome. The present study aimed to assess the possible changes in maternal cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) hormone concentrations in HIV-infected pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A cross sectional study of 80 (Eighty) volunteer pregnant women aged (18-49) years recruited during routine antenatal clinics in Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria was conducted. The participants were divided into groups: 40 (forty) apparently healthy pregnant and 40 (forty) HIV-infected pregnant women. 5 ml of morning blood samples were collected from each subject in their 1 st and 2 nd trimesters for estimation of Cortisol, ACTH, AFP and PAPP-A using ELISA method. Results: The result showed that the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mmHg) of HIV pregnant women were significantly higher than control (p<0.05 respectively). The mean value of cortisol (ng/ml) in HIV pregnant women was significantly higher when compared with control subjects (p<0.05). Cortisol showed inverse significant correlation with AFP in HIV-infected pregnant women. Maternal outcomes showed thatt HIV-infected pregnant women had significantly higher incidence of miscarriages and preeclampsia with higher incidence of perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight babies (LBW), preterm delivery, spontaneous abortion, still birth and low Apgar scores when compared with apparently normal pregnant women (P<0.05 respectively). Conclusion: the significantly higher cortisol level and BP in HIV pregnant women is indicative of oxidative stress due to perceived stress by HIV infection which might predispose the affected women to hypertension and preeclampsia. The highest adverse reactions observed in HIV pregnant women might be related to the damaged immune system by HIV infection however, the placental defect associated with increased placental permeability to AFP and the activity of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is not related to the activity of stress thereby do not influence their birth outcomes.
Aims: Improved diagnosis of prostate cancer has led to increasing life expectancy in adult men. T... more Aims: Improved diagnosis of prostate cancer has led to increasing life expectancy in adult men. The use of PSA as the current practice for screening and treatment has become a key prognostic factor in the management of PCa. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic use of serum PSA, creatinine, urea, protein and uric acid in PCa subjects with or without renal impairment. Methods: One hundred and ten adult men aged 51-70 years were conveniently recruited for the study. Diagnosis was based on biopsy, PSA, Cr/U and UA results obtained, and grouped as (A) PCa subjects with RI (35), (B) PCa subjects without RI (35) and 40 apparently healthy men (Controls) which is regarded as group (C). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for PSA and renal indices using ELISA and colorimetric methods respectively. Results: The result showed that serum tPSA, fPSA, cPSA, %fPSA, creatinine, urea and uric acid were significantly higher while total protein was significantly lower in PCa subjects with RI compared with controls (P&lt;.05). Similar results were obtained in PCa without RI compared with controls except for urea (P=.001 respectively). However, tPSA, fPSA, cPSA were significantly lower while creatinine, urea and uric acid were significantly higher in Pca with RI compared with the corresponding values in PCa without RI (P&lt;.05). The correlation between cPSA, creatinine and urea showed association between PCa and RI. ROC showed that tPSA and cPSA had significantly higher diagnostic performance than fPSA and % fPSA in the prediction of PCa associated with RI while Creatinine, urea and uric acid had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of RI associated with PCa within the age range of 50-61 than 61-70 years. Conclusions: Increased serum uric acid level observed in RI subjects suggests decreased excretion of uric acid by the kidney. ROC analysis shows significant evidence that tPSA and cPSA have higher predictive value for PCa with or without RI while creatinine, urea and uric acid have higher predictive efficacy for RI in PCa subjects. Adult men from 50 years are recommended for early screening for PDs to minimize progression to RI.
Journal of pharmaceutical research international, Feb 28, 2022
Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney... more Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney disease, little or no attention has been paid to the existence of polycystic kidney disease in Nigeria. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of some risk factors of ADPKD among hypertensive adult patients in
between signs and symptoms of BPH and RI in their population-based sample of 467 white men [9]: t... more between signs and symptoms of BPH and RI in their population-based sample of 467 white men [9]: there was a significant association between RI and BPH. Studies in Africa have shown that countries like Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon have similar prevalence of 25% of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in kidney disease [10]. In the United State of America, 13.6% of men with BPH have been reported to have chronic renal failure [11]. The impact of BPH and renal impairment on health should not be underestimated as it accounts for about 10% of hospital admission in Nigeria [6]. The most successful approach to detect BPH is the use of percent fPSA= fPSA × 100/tPSA, where f=free and t=total
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2022
Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney... more Aims & objectives: Due to other chronic diseases that are associated with hypertension and kidney disease, little or no attention has been paid to the existence of polycystic kidney disease in Nigeria. The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence of some risk factors of ADPKD among hypertensive adult patients in NAUTH, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria Study design: A cross-sectional and prospective study Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Medical out-patient, cardiology and nephrology units of NAUTH Nnewi between February and June, 2019. Methodology: A total of 160(80 newly diagnosed hypertensive and 80 normotensive subjects) aged between 25-75 years were randomly selected. Estimation of serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total calcium, eGFR and total protein, BMI and waist-hip ratio of the subjects were taken were done using standard laboratory methods. Results: 12.5% of the hypertensive subjects have undergone dialysis, 7.5% had kidney transplant, 13....
Journal of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, 2021
This study was designed to investigate the effects of Juglan nigra lectin on haematological param... more This study was designed to investigate the effects of Juglan nigra lectin on haematological parameters and lethal dose of rats. An authenticated Juglan nigra (UBHP401) collected from Lokoja was used to extract lectin and treated on Swiss Wistar rats (n=35) and (n=17) with weights from 75-129g for haematological parameters and LD50 respectively. The Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups labeled A, B, C, D, and E. Lectin concentrations were prepared and administered at stipulated days. Group A served as control, group B received 30%, C received 50%, D received 70% and group E received 90% of lectin intraperitoneally. Samples (Baseline-BL, First Harvests-FH and Second Harvest-SH) were collected from all the groups and analyzed for the following haematological parameters: white blood count (WBC), Red Blood count (RBC), Haemoglobin (HB), packed cell volume (PCV), platelet count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocytes, eosinophil and basophil. The data were analysed using two-way ana...
International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020
This was a cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the use of albumin, hepatic lipase (HL) and li... more This was a cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the use of albumin, hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme as predictive markers of treatment failure in HIV-1 infected individuals. 154 participants {40 (group A), 35 (group B) on antiretroviral drugs (Test group) and 79 (group C) HIV naive participants (Control group)} aged 18 and 65 years were randomly recruited. Blood sample was collected from each test participant 6 months apart and once from control for determination of Albumin, HL, LPL, viral load (VL), CD4+ cells count. VL was significantly decreased while, Albumin, HL and LPL activities were significantly higher in test participants when compared with control P ≤ 0.05 respectively). Biochemical markers in test participants at 6 months of therapy were significantly lower compared with 12 months of therapy (P ≤ 0.05). Albumin and VL correlated positively with CD4 count while, lamivudine, nevirapine, tenofovir, HL, LPL correlated strongly and negatively wit...
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with altered metabolism and increased energy exp... more Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with altered metabolism and increased energy expenditure, this energy requirement increases significantly as the HIV disease progresses. This study aimed on the use of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), Guanosine triphosphate (GTP), Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as an index of energy utilization, storage and energy balance in HIV infected individuals. This is a longitudinal, prospective, case-controlled study involving seventy seven (77) HIV Sero-positive individuals newly diagnosed attending retroviral disease treatment centre of Nnamdi Azikiwe University University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) aged 18-60 years both male and female not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), were enrolled in the study as test subjects and thirty six (36) apparently healthy HIV Sero-negative individuals both male and female as control subjects. ATP, GTP, ADP and AMP were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (...
International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 2020
The practice of herbal medication is as old as the culture of the people and despite the advent o... more The practice of herbal medication is as old as the culture of the people and despite the advent of modern medication, many people of south eastern Nigeria, still patronizes herbal medication. Herbal medications are consumed directly and could be contaminated with mycotoxins which are detrimental to human and animal health. This study was therefore, designed to determine the extent of mycotoxin contamination of herbal medications on sale in Ebonyi State, South-Eastern Nigeria. In this regard, a multistage random sampling technique was used to select 19 herbal medication samples from stores and markets in Ebonyi State, Nigeria and evaluated for occurrence of three major mycotoxins- aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins (FB). Employing wet extraction procedure, mycotoxin occurrence and levels were determined via lateral flow immunoassay technique. Results showed high prevalence of all three mycotoxins in the samples in the order OTA (89.47%), FB (82.46%) and AF (82.21%). ...
Background: There is limited information on if HIV infection induces stress in pregnancy. HIV can... more Background: There is limited information on if HIV infection induces stress in pregnancy. HIV can possibly contribute to the alterations in some fetal viability hormones thereby lead to adverse pregnancy outcome. The present study aimed to assess the possible changes in maternal cortisol, Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH), Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) hormone concentrations in HIV-infected pregnant women and their pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A cross sectional study of 80 (Eighty) volunteer pregnant women aged (18-49) years recruited during routine antenatal clinics in Nnamdi Azikiwe Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria was conducted. The participants were divided into groups: 40 (forty) apparently healthy pregnant and 40 (forty) HIV-infected pregnant women. 5 ml of morning blood samples were collected from each subject in their 1 st and 2 nd trimesters for estimation of Cortisol, ACTH, AFP and PAPP-A using ELISA method. Results: The result showed that the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mmHg) of HIV pregnant women were significantly higher than control (p<0.05 respectively). The mean value of cortisol (ng/ml) in HIV pregnant women was significantly higher when compared with control subjects (p<0.05). Cortisol showed inverse significant correlation with AFP in HIV-infected pregnant women. Maternal outcomes showed thatt HIV-infected pregnant women had significantly higher incidence of miscarriages and preeclampsia with higher incidence of perinatal outcomes such as low birth weight babies (LBW), preterm delivery, spontaneous abortion, still birth and low Apgar scores when compared with apparently normal pregnant women (P<0.05 respectively). Conclusion: the significantly higher cortisol level and BP in HIV pregnant women is indicative of oxidative stress due to perceived stress by HIV infection which might predispose the affected women to hypertension and preeclampsia. The highest adverse reactions observed in HIV pregnant women might be related to the damaged immune system by HIV infection however, the placental defect associated with increased placental permeability to AFP and the activity of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is not related to the activity of stress thereby do not influence their birth outcomes.
Aims: Improved diagnosis of prostate cancer has led to increasing life expectancy in adult men. T... more Aims: Improved diagnosis of prostate cancer has led to increasing life expectancy in adult men. The use of PSA as the current practice for screening and treatment has become a key prognostic factor in the management of PCa. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic use of serum PSA, creatinine, urea, protein and uric acid in PCa subjects with or without renal impairment. Methods: One hundred and ten adult men aged 51-70 years were conveniently recruited for the study. Diagnosis was based on biopsy, PSA, Cr/U and UA results obtained, and grouped as (A) PCa subjects with RI (35), (B) PCa subjects without RI (35) and 40 apparently healthy men (Controls) which is regarded as group (C). Blood samples were collected and analyzed for PSA and renal indices using ELISA and colorimetric methods respectively. Results: The result showed that serum tPSA, fPSA, cPSA, %fPSA, creatinine, urea and uric acid were significantly higher while total protein was significantly lower in PCa subjects with RI compared with controls (P&lt;.05). Similar results were obtained in PCa without RI compared with controls except for urea (P=.001 respectively). However, tPSA, fPSA, cPSA were significantly lower while creatinine, urea and uric acid were significantly higher in Pca with RI compared with the corresponding values in PCa without RI (P&lt;.05). The correlation between cPSA, creatinine and urea showed association between PCa and RI. ROC showed that tPSA and cPSA had significantly higher diagnostic performance than fPSA and % fPSA in the prediction of PCa associated with RI while Creatinine, urea and uric acid had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy in the prediction of RI associated with PCa within the age range of 50-61 than 61-70 years. Conclusions: Increased serum uric acid level observed in RI subjects suggests decreased excretion of uric acid by the kidney. ROC analysis shows significant evidence that tPSA and cPSA have higher predictive value for PCa with or without RI while creatinine, urea and uric acid have higher predictive efficacy for RI in PCa subjects. Adult men from 50 years are recommended for early screening for PDs to minimize progression to RI.
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