Papers by Irshad Ullah ,Asst. Professor Energy Engineering Technology
Sustainability
The constraints in the path of sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient photovoltaic power supp... more The constraints in the path of sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient photovoltaic power supply to the irrigation system in remote areas are addressed in this work. The intrinsic thermal losses in the PV system due to high working temperature and shading losses that are caused by dirt are mitigated through water cleaning mechanisms. Moreover, the protection against lightning strikes and surges is assimilated in the system to ensure the durability of the PV system. Lastly, cost analysis of 0.4 MW PV plant for the Area of 7444.69 m2 has been performed by the Homer Pro, and comparison is made with the same size of a Hydro power plant to estimate the economic feasibility of power generation for the purpose of irrigation through the pump house. The water-cooling mechanism resulted in the gain of one volt per panel of 260 W, which is a significant improvement with regard to collective PV plant generation. As the water cleaning mechanism for dust removal is accompanied with the cooling...
Energies
High-voltage transmission technology has advanced quickly with the overall development and increa... more High-voltage transmission technology has advanced quickly with the overall development and increased use of renewable energy. More demands on the insulating system are made when high-voltage power systems evolve. One of the significant factors is the sharp rise in population density, which led to the high demand for electricity. Right-of-way infringement is a problem that frequently occurs these days. Transmission is done over a rated capacity; as a result, the transmission line heats up, the insulation ages, and the electric field becomes distorted. The insulating system is prone to fail too soon when the operating voltage inverses or when there is a significant temperature differential. Environmentally friendly insulating materials have received much attention recently. A synergistic optimisation of heat resistance properties, mechanical properties, and dielectric properties must be accomplished before these materials can be used in high-voltage transmission systems. They must als...
Electronics
Electrical grounding is an indispensable part of the power system network. The grounding system i... more Electrical grounding is an indispensable part of the power system network. The grounding system is mainly affected by grounding resistance and the nature of the soil. High ground resistance produces the phenomenon of soil ionization, surface arching, and back flashover. A conventional grounding system requires the deep digging of electrodes, thus creating maintenance difficulties. This research work focuses on the safe operation of an electric power system from external and internal impulses arising due to lightning strikes or short circuits. The study proposes an application of mineral samples as grounding materials, and bentonite is used as backfilling material in portable grounding systems. A detailed experimental analysis was conducted under controlled conditions to evaluate the performance of selected materials in high-resistance soil. The problem of a deeply driven electrode is addressed by designing the portable grounding system. The study results demonstrate that the propose...
The rapid growth of the World Wide Web, has made the web is not just use for delivering informati... more The rapid growth of the World Wide Web, has made the web is not just use for delivering information. Currently, Web is used to carry information in a borderless way since one of its features is stateless. The extension of the technology has discovered a web also could delivered signals. Since the introduction to the smart home concept, a web plays an important roles to control almost every electrical devices connected to internet that enable the user can control it every where. This paper presents on development of web-based controller for control electrical device. The prototype developed using Microsoft Visual Studio. NET and Circuit design. The methodology used in this project consists of three main phases which are Analysis, Design and Implementation. For future advancement, the prototype intends to include SMS module so that controlling can be done through SMS.
2017 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS), 2017
The consequences due to lightning on different building shapes needs a comprehensive knowledge in... more The consequences due to lightning on different building shapes needs a comprehensive knowledge in order to provide the information to the common man. This paper is mainly concern with the development of a small scale model to study impulse flashover and attachment pattern of protected building structures due to lightning strike. The lightning strike pattern of buildings is based on the practical experimental work in high voltage laboratory. Three models are chosen for the study and it was found that the LAT arrangement on a flat roof top square building and grounding terminal for the model must follow certain procedures in order to achieve 100% LAT attachment. The model that has been developed is useful where LAT's upward streamers analysis can be applied to analyse in term of the electric field effect on the lightning air terminal and the entire building structure interaction with lightning strikes.
Equipment damages cause by electrical surges can be attributed to ineffective grounding system wh... more Equipment damages cause by electrical surges can be attributed to ineffective grounding system which by right should provide protection to equipment and personnel safety. The grounding system ineffectiveness to surge protection is due to the remoteness of earth terminal or ground system entry points from the lightning surge occurrence. Despite all considerations taken such as maintaining low resistivity soil, multiple grounding terminal rods, mesh ground system still the problems remain unsolved. The underlying reason is that the connection between the earth terminal to the lightning induced surges occurrence points are as such, creating potential rises at points of unmatched surge impedance junctions thus effecting equipment reliability. The rise in ground potential magnitudes to remote earth at equipment proximity should be eliminated. This work has shown that by employing test-model grounding electrodes that used certain materials that have low thermal transfer impedance, acts li...
2016 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2016
Lightning is a natural phenomenon having tremendously high voltage and current. It can damage str... more Lightning is a natural phenomenon having tremendously high voltage and current. It can damage structures, electronic equipments and human directly and indirectly. Protection of engineering structure and human are very important from the effect of lightning. In order to take protective measurements against lightning, this paper presents the probability of lightning strikes on different re-scaled geometrical structure. A number of tests have been performed under the ambient conditions. High voltage impulse generator has been used for a given air gap to analyze the lightning flash over on different air terminal with different re-scaled geometrical structures. The height of all the object, air gap and the number of applied flashes are kept the same for all three (square, rectangular and gable) structures in order of analyze properly the lightning strike probability. The experimental analysis shows the lightning strike points on different building roof structures.
This paper explains the number of deaths in different countries of the world. Based on the exhaus... more This paper explains the number of deaths in different countries of the world. Based on the exhaustive review of lightning stroke, the fatalities and injuries have been reported during the last two decades. Lightning is an everlasting problem and during rainy seasons normally it takes place all over the world. Lightning affects the human life as it hits the people while working outside, jogging and taking refreshment. Likewise it affects the economy as it hits buildings, power lines and research premises. The present paper highlights the number of fatalities in numerous countries of the world. This paper aims to take the preventive measures against lightning in mentioned countries. As lightning effect human life as well as the industry, the quantitative review of this article will help the contractor, consultant, research institutes, governmental and non-governmental organization to plan perfectly for the betterment of individual and improvement of the economy of countries all over t...
Urban cities grown in population day by day, proportionally to the electricity demand. The existe... more Urban cities grown in population day by day, proportionally to the electricity demand. The existence of the right of ways and the decreasing of land space to build new overhead transmission line towers, other criterion had to be observed. Other than upgrading towers, re-conductoring can be pursued if it does not violates the right of ways in any aspect. This project compares available conductors in the market to determine which will provide better performance in terms of current and sag for 275 kV lattice tower.
2018 International Symposium on Recent Advances in Electrical Engineering (RAEE), 2018
solar energy is become more eminent source of energy among renewable energy sources in order to o... more solar energy is become more eminent source of energy among renewable energy sources in order to overcome power shortfall. Energy Storage is also an important subject of renewable power generation, Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery is preferred choice among all batteries due to some advantages, e.g. comparatively better charging and discharging performance, high energy and charge density, and more favorable power support. Battery safety and reliability are ensured usually by battery management system (BMS). Among various parameters in a BMS, State of Charge (SOC) of Li-Ion cells is a key indicator which represents the ratio of the stored energy in the battery to the total energy that the battery can contain. In this paper, state of the art SOC estimation using Ampere-hour (Ah) counting and Extended Kalman filter (EKF) methods have been presented. First, EKF for estimating SOC of Li-Ion battery is mathematically designed. Then electrical battery model is implemented using Ah counting and EKF in MATLAB/Simulink. A comparison of the two methods is given which indicates that the SOC evaluation of the battery using EKF is more accurate than Ah counting method. The error observed from the results of EKF is less than 1%.
2021 IEEE International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM), 2021
This paper presents a new and alternative approach to predict the severity of pollution by using ... more This paper presents a new and alternative approach to predict the severity of pollution by using components of leakage current LC on non-uniform polluted insulators. The LC harmonics components were measured using a new method based on wireless transmission. Laboratory tests were conducted on various pollution levels (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mg/cm2) on 3 units string porcelain insulators under two level of voltage stress (0.23 kV/cm and 0.385kV/cm). The results of the test reported that the compare new indicator is the ratio of sum fifth and seventh frequency components to the third with the ratio of total harmonic distortion THD to odd harmonics components number n can be given as boundary for levels of pollution. According to the results of this test, the leakage current LC harmonics predictor K has a reasonable ability to determine the contamination level.
Wireless Personal Communications, 2020
The aim of this article is to introduce a compact configuration of an arc shape ultra-wideband (U... more The aim of this article is to introduce a compact configuration of an arc shape ultra-wideband (UWB) planar antenna with nominal characteristics towards surface penetrating radar (SPR). The design is implemented to enhance antenna gain and bandwidth widening, that makes it a suitable device to be used in the detection or scanning operations. To serve the purpose, a simplified defected ground structure (DGS) method is been adopted, in which different rectangular size slots were induced over the surface of the ground plane to condense the surface current distribution of the radiating patch. Furthermore, the measurements elaborated that the proposed DGS based antenna has a very wide bandwidth from 3 to 16 GHz, which is significantly greater than the defined UWB range. The resultant gain is 6.2 dB that helps in deep penetration and the wider bandwidth can carry more information, which makes the antenna a potential device to be used in detection applications. The detection capacity of antenna has been validated using monostatic and bistatic based experimental configurations. Apart from this, a simple structure and low cost fabrication of antenna makes it appropriate for SPR applications.
International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science & Technology, 2016
Overhead transmission line (OTL) has been around for so many years as one of the most important e... more Overhead transmission line (OTL) has been around for so many years as one of the most important elements of electric power systems. Conductors, as being a part of the medium to transfer electricity through the OTL, produces electromagnetic field to its surrounding that have been a public concern for ages. OTL were meant to be built as far away from a population. Though from time to time, the OTL rights-of-way (ROW) were violated due to lack of space and rapid urbanization. This paper addresses the challenges faced during magnetic field level measurement within a residential area that was still under construction. EMDEX II Meter, Linear Data Acquisition System (LINDA) Wheel and Gauss Meter were used during the magnetic field measurements. Maximum magnetic field level data collected from measurement were presented.
International Journal of Simulation: Systems, Science & Technology, 2016
Persekitaran yang sihat mampu untuk menjana aktiviti pembelajaran dan pengajaran yang kondusif. K... more Persekitaran yang sihat mampu untuk menjana aktiviti pembelajaran dan pengajaran yang kondusif. Kajian terdahulu menunjukkan wujudnya hubungan yang signifikan di antara persekitaran yang dibina dan perkembangan pembelajaran pelajar. Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti kesesuaian reka bentuk studio lukisan kejuruteraan mengikut persepsi pelajar dan guru seterusnya menghasilkan cadangan reka bentuk studio lukisan kejuruteraan ideal di sekolah menengah teknik. Selain itu, menentukan perbezaan antara tahap penerimaan pelajar dengan tahap penerimaan guru terhadap reka bentuk studio LK ideal. Rekabentuk kajian adalah kajian tinjauan. Populasi kajian melibatkan pelajar tingkatan 4 dan guru yang mengajar matapelajaran Lukisan Kejuruteraan di Sekolah Menengah Teknik seluruh Malaysia. Sampel dipilih menggunakan pensampelan rawak mudah. Data dikumpul menggunakan instrument dua set borang soal selidik dan temubual berstruktur untuk menyokong dapatan data soal selidik.
EPJ Web of Conferences, 2017
Protection against lightning is always a challenging job for the researcher. The consequences due... more Protection against lightning is always a challenging job for the researcher. The consequences due to lightning on different building shapes needs a comprehensive knowledge in order to provide the information to the common man. This paper is mainly concern with lightning pattern when it strikes on the building with different shape. The work is based on the practical experimental work in high voltage laboratory. Different shapes of the scaled structures have been selected in order to investigate the equal distribution of lightning voltage. The equal distribution of lightning voltage will provide the maximum probability of lightning strike on air terminal of the selected shapes. Building shapes have a very important role in lightning protection. The shapes of the roof tops have different geometry and the Franklin rod installation is also varies with changing the shape of the roof top. According to the ambient weather condition of Malaysia high voltage impulse is applied on the lightning rod installed on different geometrical shape. The equal distribution of high voltage impulse is obtained as the geometry of the scaled structure is identical and the air gap for all the tested object is kept the same. This equal distribution of the lightning voltage also proves that the probability of lightning strike is on the corner and the edges of the building structure.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 2020
This paper presents conductor sag comparison for 132 kV overhead transmission line improvement in... more This paper presents conductor sag comparison for 132 kV overhead transmission line improvement in Malaysia. Increasing industrialization and population growth around the world demands higher electricity supply. Power generation has yet to decline but transmitting sufficient electricity to consumers is worrisome due to scarce land space occupied by rapid urbanization. Hence reconductoring method was chosen to improve existing 132 kV overhead transmission line in Malaysia. A group of selected conductors were chosen for comparison where the high temperature low sag conductor stood out the most producing up to 40% sag reduction. This paper focuses on providing conductor alternatives to improve maximum sag of lowest conductor to ground for 132 kV transmission line in Malaysia in accordance to her climate and geographical factor.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2017
Human population and power consumption keeps on growing with each year. In order to satisfy elect... more Human population and power consumption keeps on growing with each year. In order to satisfy electricity demand, more electrical energy has to be supplied, resulting in higher magnetic field level radiation. In rapid urbanization country, lack of space will force civilization to be built near overhead transmission line that sparks public concern on adverse health effects due to the magnetic field radiation. A new UTHM hostel residential area was built near OTLs that shared the same concern. Thus a proper planning to conduct magnetic field level measurement was done to examine the maximum magnetic field level radiated that covered the hostel residential area. The results were far from reaching the maximum permissible magnetic field level proposed by ICNIRP. Though, the steps taken and the methods used might be suitable guidelines for others that encounter similar situations.
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), 2017
Lightning activities are growing up rapidly with global warming. It can affect anything on the ea... more Lightning activities are growing up rapidly with global warming. It can affect anything on the earth. All the constructed buildings need proper protection from the harmful effect of lightning. Lightning strike points on different geometrical shapes have been investigated. Lightning strike distribution of different building structure is very important to be studied. In order to analyse the maximum effect of lightning strike pattern is obtained of different air terminals installed on scaled building structures. High voltage impulse generator is used in order to get the impulse voltage. Different numbers of air terminals have been applied to all the shapes in order to see the lightning strike points. Electric field is obtained in order to see its minimum and maximum effect on the entire building structure. Interestingly the phenomenon of lightning air terminal bypasses has been proved in this paper.
Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, 2019
During the lightning activities every air terminal has the equal chances to be hit by the lightni... more During the lightning activities every air terminal has the equal chances to be hit by the lightning flashes and it produce electric field in the surrounding. Therefore, with the passage of time when the lightning air terminals become aged due to acidic rain and chemical contamination, lightning air terminal (LAT) bypasses on side edges takes place which has not been given much attention by the researchers. A modified lightning protection system (LPS) was proposed in this paper using experimental and electromagnetic field approach. One of the LAT on different geometrical structure was selected as sacrificial point in order to reduce the chances of LAT bypasses. The modified protection system can be referred by different standard to make sure buildings protection. All the experimental work was done using high voltage impulse and ANSYS/MAXWELL was used as a simulation tool. The modified protection technique will help different standards to provide comprehensive protective measures against lightning.
Nanoscale Reports, 2019
Nano science and nanotechnology innovations have shown incredible results in current era. It incr... more Nano science and nanotechnology innovations have shown incredible results in current era. It increases their applications in various fields such as Engineering, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. The development in nanotechnology has replaced conventional concepts. The remarkable performance of nanotechnology caught the eye of electrical engineers to make reliable and efficient electrical components. Electrical engineers using Nano-concept and make Nano-structured valueadded products with high superior qualities. This review climaxes the concept of nanotechnology in various electrical components such as in nanowires, insulators, transformers and dielectric fluids with possible future prospects
Uploads
Papers by Irshad Ullah ,Asst. Professor Energy Engineering Technology