Papers by Ir. Gatot Rusbintardjo,M.Sc
Pavement failure phenomena is normally caused by low quality of mixture materials, especially bit... more Pavement failure phenomena is normally caused by low quality of mixture materials, especially bitumen. The modification of bitumen is one of the alternatives to improve the performance of the material. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the performance of a polymer-modified binder (PG-76) with the addition of different percentages of Reduce Heat-Warm Mix Asphalt (RH-WMA) at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 % (by-weight of binder). Several testings such as penetration, softening point and ductility tests were conducted to determine the physical properties of PG-76 and RH-WMA modified binders. The molecular structures of the materials were analysed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test while the contact angle test was conducted to investigate the type of binder's surface. In addition, an optical microscopy test was carried out to determine the morphological properties of the modified binders. Results show that the PG-76's hardness decreases with the increasing of RH-WMA percentage, but the ductility values are still within the specification. The FTIR test shows an increase of RH-WMA percentage does not provide a significant reaction of the binder and the original properties of the materials remain. The morphology test shows that all percentage of RH-WMA selected are well dispersed in bitumen PG-76. Based on the contact angle results, all the PG-76 and RH-WMA modified binders fall into hydrophobic category.
The strength of pavement is highly depend on the quality of the subgrade. Pavement placed on poor... more The strength of pavement is highly depend on the quality of the subgrade. Pavement placed on poor subgrade will require sufficient thickness to be able to withstand traffic load. If the soil where the pavement will be constructed have low strength, then some efforts must be done to increase its strength. There are three methods to increase the soil strength, first by replacing the original soil with other better soil, the second method is by thickening the layers of pavement, and the third method is by strengthening the existing soil. In this research, the third method was used. Expansive clay soil was stabilized using Button Natural Rock Asphalt (BNRA). 20% to 35% of BNRA is finely ground to pass sieve #200. The Proctor, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), direct shear, and Atterberg Limit tests are conducted. The CBR test results indicate that the CBR value increases with increasing of BNRA content. CBR values resulted from the test are 2.89%, 3.13%, 3.36%, 3.91% for BNRA ...
Bitumen penetration grade 80/100 was modified with oil palm fruit ash (OPFA) to improve its resis... more Bitumen penetration grade 80/100 was modified with oil palm fruit ash (OPFA) to improve its resistance to the change of pavement temperature and its physical properties. OPFA is a waste by product of palm oil mill, the ash of burning mesocarp of palm oil fruitlets. OPFA with uniform grain size less than 0.075 mm was added to the bitumen 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% by weight of the bitumen. The mixtures of OPFA and bitumen or OPFAmodified bitumen (OPFA-MB) as well as the base bitumen then were aged using rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) prior to rheological testing using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and direct tension tester (DTT). The results show that OPFA-MB content 5% OPFA can resist permanent deformation or rutting at high temperature 70 degree Centigrade, fatigue cracking at intermediate temperature 20 degree Centigrade, and thermal cracking at low temperature-15 degree Centigrade.
In Buton Island, an island located in SouthEast Sulawesi Island in Indonesia is found about 700 m... more In Buton Island, an island located in SouthEast Sulawesi Island in Indonesia is found about 700 million tons natural rock asphalt (NRA) which have not been maximally utilized yet. Buton-NRA contains 20 to 30% of bitumen. This paper reported the experimental study on utilizing of Buton-NRA as additive of bitumen binder in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. Amount of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25% of very fine of Buton-NRA was added into the bitumen, resulted Buton-NRA-Bitumen's binder. Penetration and softening point test were conducted to get penetration index (PI) value, an index to determine the temperature susceptibility of the binder. The results show that the Buton-NRA-Bitumen's binder has low temperature susceptibility. Used as binder in HMA mixtures also shown that the Buton-NRA-Bitumen's binder can improve the performance of the mixtures. Marshall Stability and stiffness of the mixtures are higher compared to that of base bitumen binder, especially Buton-NRA-Bitumen's binde...
Abstrak-The performance of pavements is governed by the strength of the subgrade, because subgrad... more Abstrak-The performance of pavements is governed by the strength of the subgrade, because subgrade is roadbed soil where the pavement structure is laid. If bearing capacity of the subgrade high, deformation of pavement will not occur and it is not easy to deteriorate. In the contrary, if bearing capacity of the subgrade low, pavement deformation will occur and pavement will deteriorate. This research have objectives to analysis the pavement structure of using existing subgrade soil and using subgrade stabilized with Buton Natural Rock Asphalt (BNRA). The road connecting Semarang-Purwodadi where always in worst condition was used for study in this research. Semarang-Purwodadi road is laid over montmorillonite expansive clay with lower bearing capacity or have low CBR value only 1 to 2 %. To analysis the pavement structure, both flexible and rigid pavement, AASHTO 1993 pavement design are used. The result show that flexible pavement structure laid over stabilized soil have thinner pav...
In flexible pavement, base course is the layer immediately under the wearing surface layer. Becau... more In flexible pavement, base course is the layer immediately under the wearing surface layer. Because the base course lies close under the pavement surface, it is subject to severe loading. It follows the materials in a base course must be of extremely high quality. To get high quality of base course, research on treated base course with Buton Natural Rock Asphalt (BNRA) have been conducted. Amount of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35% BNRA by weight of base course aggregate are mixed in the base course aggregate. California Bearing Rasio (CBR) and direct shear test are performed to the mixed of BNRA-base course and also to the original base course to konw how far the influence of BNRA to improve the strength or quality of the base course. The test results show that with BNRA 25% the CBR value can increase from 52.30% to 98%, and cohesion change from 0.127 for original become 0.199 for base course treated BNRA, as well as angle of internal friction (φ) increase from 21 0 to 43 0. It can be c...
Perkerasan jalan dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan tanah dasar, karena tanah dasar merupakan lapisan tana... more Perkerasan jalan dipengaruhi oleh kekuatan tanah dasar, karena tanah dasar merupakan lapisan tanah yang difungsikan sebagai alas perletakkan struktur perkerasaan. Jika daya dukung tanah dasarnya tinggi, perubahan bentuk pada perkerasan tidak akan terjadi dan tidak mudah rusak. Sebaliknya, jika daya dukung tanah dasarnya rendah, perubahan bentuk pada perkerasan akan terjadi dan akan memburuk dengan mudah. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk menganalisa struktur perkerasan yang menggunakan tanah dasar asli dan menggunakan tanah dasar yang telah distabilisasi denga aspal buton. Jalan yang menghubungkan Semarang – Purwodadi dimana jalan yang selalu dalam kondisi sangat buruk tersebut akan dipelajari pada penelitian ini. Jalan Semarang – Purwodadi terletak di atas tanah lempung ekspansif montmorillonit dengan daya dukung rendah atau nilai CBR nya kecil yaitu 1 – 2%. Untuk menganalisa struktur perkerasan, perkerasan lentur dan perkerasan kaku keduanya, digunakan desain perkerasan oleh A...
The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using oil palm fruit ash (OPFA)... more The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using oil palm fruit ash (OPFA) as a bitumen modifier, to formulate the mix between OPFA and bitumen as a new binder with better physical and mechanical properties, and to evaluate the use of OPFA-modified bitumen (OPFA-MB) as a binder of stone mastic asphalt (SMA). In this study two sources of bitumen, bitumen B-1 and bitumen B-2 each had penetration grade 80/100 were modified by using OPFA. The bitumen was mixed with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, and 15% OPFA by weight of the bitumen at mixing temperature 160°C, mixing time 60 minutes, and mixing stirring speed 800 revolution per minute. There were two types of OPFA, Fine and Coarse-OPFA. Fine- OPFA was OPFA which had uniform particle size 75µm, and Coarse-OPFA was OPFA which had graded particle with maximum grains size 600µm. The bitumen mixed with OPFA was called OPFA-modified bitumen (OPFA-MB). There were four types of OPFA-MB namely Fine-OPFA-MB1, Coarse-OPFA-MB1,...
It can be denied that most of roads condition in Indonesia is worst. It is because maintenance wo... more It can be denied that most of roads condition in Indonesia is worst. It is because maintenance works is not properly conducted because of insufficiently, unsustainably, and inconsistency on allocating budget for maintenance. Insufficient or uncertain budgetary allocations to road maintenance have resulted in road deterioration that has significantly increased production and transport costs. To avoid this problem, highway professionals advocate the establishment of dedicated road funds, managed by independent road boards made up of road user representatives. So far roads maintenance in Indonesia is financed using the government budget allocation. It is difficult to give guarantee to the sustainable road maintenance if the finance for road maintenance takes from the government budget allocation. Therefore in this paper will be introduced road fund, the road maintenance funding system widely used in some countries that road conditions can be well maintained. The conclusion isthat the r...
The subgrade is the in situ material upon which the pavement structure is placed. Although there ... more The subgrade is the in situ material upon which the pavement structure is placed. Although there is a tendency to look at pavement performance in terms of pavement structures and mix design alone, the subgrade soils can often be the overriding factor in pavement performance. The subgrade must be able to support loads transmitted from the pavement structure, or in other word, the subgrade must be have high bearing capacity. Bearing capacity is often affected by degree of compaction, moisture content, and soil type. A subgrade that can support a high amount of loading without excessive deformation is considered good. Semarang-Purwodadi road is located over poor subgrade of expansive clay soil which have low bearing capacity. As a result, the pavements structures tend to damage in early stage.Some efforts to improve and to strengthen the subgrade have been conducted,however,no one of those efforts can stop the subgrade deformation. Realizing the results of those efforts,Buton Natural R...
This study was conducted to investigate the use of oil palm fruit ash-modified bitumen (OPFA-MB) ... more This study was conducted to investigate the use of oil palm fruit ash-modified bitumen (OPFA-MB) as a binder in stone-mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures. The OPFA was used to take advantage of a waste by-product of the palm oil milling industry which could help to reduce environmental pollution. Binder tests such as penetration, softening point, viscosity, storage stability, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and the direct tension test (DTT) were conducted on both unmodified and OPFA-modified bitumens. It was found that the properties of unmodified bitumen improve when OPFA is added. In addition, several asphalt mixture tests, including the Marshall Stability test, indirect tensile modulus resilience test, static uniaxial creep test, wheel tracking test, static-immersion and boiling water test, and drain-down test, were also performed on SMA mixes. The presence of OPFA was observed to enhance the stability, resilient modulus, and rut resistance of SMA mixes com...
Pada perkerasan lentur, lapisan pondasi atas merupakan lapisan yang berada langsung dibawah lapis... more Pada perkerasan lentur, lapisan pondasi atas merupakan lapisan yang berada langsung dibawah lapisan permukaan jalan. Karena lapisan pondasi atas sangat dekat dengan lapisan permukaan jalan, maka dia akan menerima beban yang sangat besar. Maka lapisan pondasi atas harus didukung oleh material yang berkualitas sangat tinggi. Untuk mendapatkan kualitas tinggi pada lapisan pondasi atas, penelitian dalam penambahan material base dengan Aspal Buton Alam telah dilakukan. Sebanyak 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, dan 35% Aspal Buton Alam dari berat agregat lapisan pondasi atas, dicampur dalam agregat lapisan pondasi atas. CBR dan uji geser langsung dilakukan pada campuran Aspal Buton Alam-Lapisan Pondasi Atas dan juga pada agregat lapisan pondasi atas yang asli, untuk mengerahui seberapa jauh pengaruh Aspal Buton Alam untuk meningkatkan kekuatan atau kualitas dari lapisan pondasi atas. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dengan aspal alam buton (BNRA) 25% nilai CBR dapat meningkat dari 52% menjadi 90% dan...
Several roads in Indonesia are in bad conditions. It is because maintenance works is not properly... more Several roads in Indonesia are in bad conditions. It is because maintenance works is not properly conducted because of insufficiently, unsustainably, and inconsistency on allocating budget for maintenance. Insufficient or uncertain budgetary allocations to road maintenance have resulted in road deterioration that has significantly increased production and transport costs. To avoid this problem, highway professionals advocate the establishment of dedicated road funds, managed by independent road boards made up of road user representatives. So far roads maintenance in Indonesia is financed using the government budget allocation. It is difficult to give guarantee to the sustainable road maintenance if the finance for road maintenance takes from the government budget allocation. Therefore in this paper will be introduced road fund, the road maintenance funding system widely used in some countries that road conditions can be well maintained. The conclusion is that the road fund needs to ...
Construction and Building Materials, 2013
h i g h l i g h t s We investigate the suitability of using oil palm fruit ash as a bitumen modif... more h i g h l i g h t s We investigate the suitability of using oil palm fruit ash as a bitumen modifier. Several fundamental and rheological tests had been conducted in this study. The OPFA-modified bitumen can be categorised as a binder with penetration grade of 60/70 or as PG 70-16.
Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering, Oct 31, 2018
The natural asphalt in the world which can be explored until today is Buton Natural Rock Asphalt ... more The natural asphalt in the world which can be explored until today is Buton Natural Rock Asphalt (BNRA). The other natural asphalt like Trinidad Lake Asphalt Based on survey conducted by Directorate General of Mining Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republik of Indonesia, amount of 650 million ton of BNRA are found in Buton island, yet until 92 years since BNRA in Buton Island discover by Hetzel, a Dutch Geolog, only 3.4 ton that have been explored to be used for road work. This paper reported the using of BNRA to modify bitumen to improve their properties in order to resist the high temperature rutting, and to stabilize clay soil, to improve their strenght. Bitumen penetration grade 80/100 which will be modified was blend by 15 to 65% of BNRA in increments of 5% by weight of bitumen, and to stabilized clay soil, amount of 2% to 8% in increements of 2% BNRA by weight of soil was added. To determine Penetration Index (PI) of neat bitumen and alsobitumen modified with BNRA, penetration at 25 0 Celcius and softening point test were conducted. Penetration Index is the parameter to measure the temperature susceptibility of binder. The test results show that bitumen modified with 50% BNRA have PI value-1.9 and bitumen modified with 60% BNRA have PI value-1.5, those value was higher compare to-3.2 the PI value of neat bitumen. The higher PI value of a binder, the lower its temperature susceptibility. All bitumen modified with BNRA then were used as binder of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) mixtures. All HMA mixtures using bitumen modified with BNRA as binder have Marshall Stability higher then HMA using neat bitumen as binder. Marshall test result shows that Marshall Stability of HMA with binder neat bitumen was 1294 kg, while HMA with bitumen modified BNRA as binder have higher then 1294kg, especially for BNRA content 15% was 2229kg, and for BNRA content 50% was 2374kg. For clay soil stabilization, some tests such as Atteberg Limit, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), and Direct Shear were conducted on BNRA stabilized clay soil. The test results show that BNRA can improve the strenght of expansive clay.
Traffic load is dominant function on pavement design because the main function of pavement is to ... more Traffic load is dominant function on pavement design because the main function of pavement is to resist traffic load. Efforts to repair of the road damages have been done; but almost meaningless since the overloading trucks keep in progress, even reach twofold from the normal load. Analysis of sensitivity was used to measure the influence of overloading to level of road damage. In addition of analysis of sensitivity, calculation using vehicle damage factors (VDF) was also used to determine the capacity of single, dual, or triple axle trucks on damaging of pavement. The result of analysis of sensitivity show that 150% overloading of single, dual, and triple axle truck, will bring about 500, 135, and 122% level of damage respectively. The results of calculation using VDF also have the similar result namely 47.20, 10.30, and 7.99 times the capacity to deteriorated pavement respectively.
Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering
The strength and durability of the flexible pavement is highly dependent on the quality of the ag... more The strength and durability of the flexible pavement is highly dependent on the quality of the aggregate material used for base and subbase layers. This is can be understand since 95 percent of the weight-volume of the base and subbase layer is aggregate. Therefore using a good quality and strong base and subbase material is very important. In this paper, which is a report of a reseacrh, Feldspar is used as stabilizer of base and subbase materlias of flexible pavement. Feldspar is a group rock-ftant forming tectosilicate minerals that made up about 41% of the earth’s continental crust by weight. 5 to 25% of Feldspar with increment of 5% by weight of the base and also subbase were added. Direct Shear and California Baring Ratio (CBR) test were conducted., beside water content and dry density test. The results of direct shear test show that cohesion of base and subbase materials decrease from 0,164 kg/cm2 of original base and subbase materials become 0,01 kg/cm2 for base and subba...
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Papers by Ir. Gatot Rusbintardjo,M.Sc