Nowadays, urban population is witnessing a rapid growth and henceforth its mobility. City infrast... more Nowadays, urban population is witnessing a rapid growth and henceforth its mobility. City infrastructures and economic resources may not follow at the same rate as the increasing mobility. So often, projected increase in transport needs goes beyond projected expansion of transit network capacity. This asymmetry between transportation supply and demand is unmistakable: congestion, unpleasant travelling conditions and other phenomena that comes with are already witnessed in the public transit system. Public transport performance is constrained not only by its availability but also by its capacity. Actually, the capacity of a transit line is defined by the operating frequency as well as the physical capacity of each vehicle. The relationship between loaded demand and capacity contributes to the setting of comfort levels in particular and the quality of service in general. To simulate these phenomena in an assignment model describing the users' route and mode choices, the transportation supply should be subject to several constraints: capacity of the vehicles (sitting and standing places), boarding and alighting movements, and the lines and network load (operating frequency of each line). Till recently, in most case studies including new transportation projects, crowding was not taken into account in transport modelling, while congestion should be integrated in simulation, particularly in the objective of effective traffic management. In this paper the studied approach includes three parts. The first part consists of a literature review of French and International existing researches on the influence of crowding in public transport and how it is modelled. The second part describes the adopted crowd-methodologies in our cases studies. The third part outlines the results of three case studies. A conclusion provides a synthesis of the compared results and recommendations. The results are based upon three selected projects conducted by SYSTRA: (1) The extension of the current Metro network and restructuring the bus network in Baku (Azerbaijan); (2) The feasibility study of the Guayaquil (Ecuador) cable line taking into
Nowadays, urban population is witnessing a rapid growth and henceforth its mobility. City infrast... more Nowadays, urban population is witnessing a rapid growth and henceforth its mobility. City infrastructures and economic resources may not follow at the same rate as the increasing mobility. So often, projected increase in transport needs goes beyond projected expansion of transit network capacity. This asymmetry between transportation supply and demand is unmistakable: congestion, unpleasant travelling conditions and other phenomena that comes with are already witnessed in the public transit system. Public transport performance is constrained not only by its availability but also by its capacity. Actually, the capacity of a transit line is defined by the operating frequency as well as the physical capacity of each vehicle. The relationship between loaded demand and capacity contributes to the setting of comfort levels in particular and the quality of service in general. To simulate these phenomena in an assignment model describing the users' route and mode choices, the transportation supply should be subject to several constraints: capacity of the vehicles (sitting and standing places), boarding and alighting movements, and the lines and network load (operating frequency of each line). Till recently, in most case studies including new transportation projects, crowding was not taken into account in transport modelling, while congestion should be integrated in simulation, particularly in the objective of effective traffic management. In this paper the studied approach includes three parts. The first part consists of a literature review of French and International existing researches on the influence of crowding in public transport and how it is modelled. The second part describes the adopted crowd-methodologies in our cases studies. The third part outlines the results of three case studies. A conclusion provides a synthesis of the compared results and recommendations. The results are based upon three selected projects conducted by SYSTRA: (1) The extension of the current Metro network and restructuring the bus network in Baku (Azerbaijan); (2) The feasibility study of the Guayaquil (Ecuador) cable line taking into
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Papers by Imane Essadeq