Papers by Idris Sabo Abdullahi
Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology, 2019
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of processing methods on the antinutrients and amino... more A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of processing methods on the antinutrients and amino acids composition of Balanites aegyptiaca. The durations for soaking, roasting and fermentation were 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours to determine the optimal duration of inclusion of processed Balanites aegyptica. Raw and processed samples were analysed for amino acids composition and anti-nutritional factors.The trial showed a linear increase in processing duration resulted into a decrease in the concentration of antinutritional factors. Raw Balanites aegyptica had higher concentration of concentration of amino acid than the soaked and boiled Balanites aegyptica. Soaking, fermentation and boiling up to 96 hours reduced the antinutritional components of Balanite aegyptica. Percentage reduction of anti-nutrients in Balanites aegyptica. fruit meal was best at 96 hours of soaking and fermentation and 60 minutes of boiling and roasting. All anti-nutrients in Balanites aegyptiaca fruit meal showe...
Background and study aim: Inadequately treated water supply and unhygienic food consumption are t... more Background and study aim: Inadequately treated water supply and unhygienic food consumption are the major sources of contracting feco-orally transmitted viral pathogens, including Rotavirus. This prospective study aimed to assess the presence of Rotavirus in sewage, underground and surface waters collected from different locations within Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 sewage and water samples (underground and surface waters) were collected from various sources in high-density and low-density areas of the Maiduguri metropolis. A modified adsorption- elution method for concentration of enteric viruses in sewage and water samples and detection of the presence of rotavirus (if present) was done using Enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). The viruses in water were concentrated by negatively charged membrane filtration, eluted with 0.05M Glycine at pH 11.5, and re-concentrated by centrifugation at 12,000rpm for one hour. Results: Out of the 60 d...
Pathogens and Disease, 2021
The 2019 and 2020 sporadic outbreaks of yellow fever (YF) in Sub-Saharan African countries had ra... more The 2019 and 2020 sporadic outbreaks of yellow fever (YF) in Sub-Saharan African countries had raised a lot of global health concerns. This article aims to narratively review the vector biology, YF vaccination program, environmental factors and climatic changes, and to understand how they could facilitate the reemergence of YF. This study comprehensively reviewed articles that focused on the interplay and complexity of YF virus (YFV) vector diversity/competence, YF vaccine immunodynamics and climatic change impacts on YFV transmission as they influence the 2019/2020 sporadic outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on available reports, vectorial migration, climatic changes and YF immunization level could be reasons for the re-mergence of YF at the community and national levels. Essentially, the drivers of YFV infection due to spillover are moderately constant. However, changes in land use and landscape have been shown to influence sylvan-to-urban spillover. Furthermore, increas...
Annals of Medicine, 2021
Background: There are no robust national prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in Ni... more Background: There are no robust national prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in Nigerian women despite the high burden of cervical cancer morbidity and mortality. The objective of study: This study aims to determine the pooled prevalence and risk factors of genital HPV infection in Nigeria through a systemic review protocol. Methods: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and AJOL were searched between 10 April to 28 July 2020. HPV studies on Nigerian females and published from April 1999 to March 2019 were included. GRADE was used to assess the quality of evidence. Results: The pooled prevalence of cervical HPV was 20.65% (95%CI: 19.7-21.7). Genotypes 31 (70.8%), 35 (69.9%) and 16 (52.9%) were the most predominant HPV in circulation. Of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria, northeast had the highest pooled prevalence of HPV infection (48.1%), while the least was in the northwest (6.8%). After multivariate logistic regression, duration (years) of sexual exposure (OR ¼ 3.24, 95%CI: 1.78-9.23]), history of other malignancies (OR ¼ 1.93, 95%CI: 1.03-2.97]), history of sexually transmitted infection (OR ¼ 2.45, 95% CI: 1.31-3.55]), coital frequency per week (OR ¼ 5.11, 95%CI: 3.86-14.29), the status of circumcision of the sexual partner (OR ¼ 2.71, 95%CI: 1.62-9.05), and marital status (OR ¼ 1.72, 95%CI: 1.16-4.72), were significant risk factors of HPV infection (p < 0.05). Irregular menstruation, postcoital bleeding and abdominal vaginal discharge were significantly associated with HPV infection (p < 0.05). Conclusion: HPV prevalence is high in Nigeria and was significantly associated with several associated risk factors. Rapid screening for high-risk HPV genotypes is recommended and multivalent HPV vaccines should be considered for women.
BioMedicine, 2021
Background: The clinical symptoms, cellular immune response, and serum cytokine homeostasis durin... more Background: The clinical symptoms, cellular immune response, and serum cytokine homeostasis during falciparum malaria among children living in endemic regions depend on the parasite densities. This study aims to evaluate the CD4 þ and CD8 þ T cells, leucocytes subpopulations, IL-6, IL-10 and biomarkers of oxidative stress among children infected with varying grades of malaria attending the
Journal of Public Affairs, 2020
In this study, we examined various forms of mathematical models that are relevant for the contain... more In this study, we examined various forms of mathematical models that are relevant for the containment, risk analysis, and features of COVID-19. Greater emphasis was laid on the extension of the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) models for policy relevance in the time of COVID-19. These mathematical models play a significant role in the understanding of COVID-19 transmission mechanisms, structures, and features. Considering that the disease has spread sporadically around the world, causing large scale socioeconomic disruption unwitnessed in contemporary ages since World War II, researchers, stakeholders, government, and the society at large are actively engaged in finding ways to reduce the rate of infection until a cure or vaccination procedure is established. We advanced argument for the various forms of the mathematical model of epidemics and highlighted their relevance in the containment of COVID-19 at the present time. Mathematical models address the need for understanding the transmission dynamics and other significant factors of the disease that would aid policymakers to make accurate decisions and reduce the rate of transmission of the disease.
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 2020
The incidence and case-fatality rates (CFRs) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (... more The incidence and case-fatality rates (CFRs) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the etiological agent for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been rising unabated. Even though the entire world has been implementing infection prevention and control measures, the pandemic continues to spread. It has been widely accepted that preventive vaccination strategies are the public health measures for countering this pandemic. This study critically reviews the latest scientific advancement in genomics, replication pattern, pathogenesis, and immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and how these concepts could be used in the development of vaccines. We also offer a detailed discussion on the anticipated potency, efficacy, safety, and pharmaco-economic issues that are and will be associated with candidate COVID-19 vaccines.
Jurnal Intelek, 2021
This paper reviews empirical literature to develop a conceptual framework for the adoption of Fac... more This paper reviews empirical literature to develop a conceptual framework for the adoption of Facebook as a marketing channel by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries like Nigeria. Recent peer-review journal articles were reviewed to develop the conceptual framework for this study. Facebook provides SMEs with a cost-effective strategy for marketing their products and services to both local and international customers. However, SMEs in developing countries like Nigeria are slow in the adoption of Facebook. A literature review has revealed a lack of research on the adoption of Facebook by SMEs from the context of developing countries like Nigeria. Most of the existing studies on Facebook adoption were conducted in developed countries. Findings from such studies cannot be directly applied to SMEs in developing countries because they face different challenges. The paper proposes a conceptual framework based on the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framewor...
Epidemiology and Health, 2020
West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne and zoonotic viral infection which is large... more West Nile virus (WNV) is a re-emerging mosquito-borne and zoonotic viral infection which is largely underestimated in Nigeria. This study sought to determine the pooled prevalence pattern and risk factors of WNV infection among humans and animals in Nigeria. Methods: A systematic review of eligible articles was conducted from "PubMed", "Scopus", "Google Scholar" and "Web of Science", from 1 st January 1950 to 30 th August 2020. Peer-reviewed articles describing WNV infection of humans and animals in cross-sectional studies were systematically reviewed and analyzed. Cochrane Q was used to determine the heterogeneity of studies reports. Results: About 61.5% human studies had low risk of bias. Howewer, all had high heterogeneity. Southwestern Nigeria had the highest pooled prevalence of anti-WNV IgM, 7.8% in humans. The pooled WNV IgM and IgG seroprevalence were 7.1% (95% CI: 5.9-8.3) and 76.5% (95% CI: 74.0-78.8), respectively. The WNV RNA prevalence was 1.9% (95% CI: 1.4-2.9), while 14.3% (95% CI: 12.9-15.8) had WNV neutralizing antibodies. In animals, the pooled WNV IgM and IgG seroprevalence were 90.3% (95% CI: 84.3-94.6) and 3.5% (95% CI: 1.9-5.8), respectively while 20.0% (95% CI: 12.9-21.4) had WNV neutralizing antibodies. Age (OR=3.73, 95% CI: 1.87-7.45; p=0.0002) and level of education [no formal education (OR=4.31, CI: 1.08-17.2; E p u b a h e a d o f p r i n t 2 p=0.0386), primary (OR=7.29, 95% CI: 1.80-29.6; p=0.0054)], were significant risk factors of WNV IgM seropositivity in humans. Conclusion: Findings from this study highlighted the endemicity of WNV infection in animals and humans in Nigeria and underscored the need for "One health" prevention and control approach against WNV infection.
Microbes and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Microbiologia Medica, 2020
Background: Human non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) have been associated with certain life-threaten... more Background: Human non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) have been associated with certain life-threatening disorders in children. However, there is paucity of NPEV infection data in most developing countries. This study determined the 3-year prevalence of non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) among children in some Northern States of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Duplicate stool samples were collected from 27778 children ≤15 years. These samples were processed and analyzed for characteristic NPEVs cytopathic effects (CPE) on L20B and RD cell lines. Tests were considered positive if the duplicate samples produced distinct CPE on both cell lines. Results: Of the 27778 samples processed, 3991 (14.4%) NPEVs were isolated. Participants of the male gender (14.5%) within the age range of 0-5 years (14.7%) from Yobe state (15.3%) whose samples were received in the month of June (22.2%) and in the year 2015 (18.8%) had the highest prevalence of NPEVs. June had significant risk factors of NPEVs (p˂0.00...
Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Pulmonary fungal infections are a significant etiology of morbidity among immunocompromised and i... more Pulmonary fungal infections are a significant etiology of morbidity among immunocompromised and immunosuppressed patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fungal pathogens and associated risk factors among pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and non-PTB patients attending Federal Teaching Hospital, Gombe, Nigeria. Methods: Three consecutive early morning sputum samples were collected from 43 PTB patients and 173 non-PTB persons and then examined for fungal pathogens using standard mycological stains, microscopy, and biochemical assays. All the participants were screened for HIV by the World Health Organization HIV testing algorithm and M. tuberculosis infection using GeneXpert ® nested PCR equipment. Samples with at least two significant fungal growths were considered positive. Results: Out of 216 sputa, 73.6% showed fungal growth in cultures. One hundred percent and 67% of PTB and non-PTB participants had positive sputa culture, respectively. In PTB patients, Candida albicans (25.6%) and Aspergillus fumigatus (20.9%), and in non-PTB individuals A. fumigatus (51.7%) and A. nigar (17.2%) were the most prevalent species. Age and residential areas were significantly associated with fungal infection in PTB and non-PTB subjects (p˂0.05). Cigarette smoking, prolonged antibiotic use, and having domestic pets were significant risk factors for developing pulmonary fungal infections in both groups (p˂0.05). None of the studied risk factors was significantly associated with pulmonary mycosis among TB patients (p˃0.05). However, prolonged use of antibiotics was a significant risk factor of pulmonary fungal infection among non-TB patients (p=0.009). Conclusion: Our study showed that PTB was a predisposing factor for fungal infection, especially among individuals with low socioeconomic status.
Microbiologia Medica, 2019
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis still constitutes a diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to i... more Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis still constitutes a diagnostic challenge for clinicians due to its non-specific symptoms. HIV infection represents one of the major risk factors due to the progressive failure of the immune system. In this study, Aspergillus serum galactomannan enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients living with HIV/AIDS attending University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 97 patients affected by HIV/AIDS. Age range of the study population was between 0 and 79 years. Length of the study: 3 weeks. Three out of the 97 samples were positive for the galactomannan assay with an optical density index of 1.1, 0.9 and 1.1 using the 0.5 cut-off optical density value; the concentration level of galactomannan antigen was therefore 2.20 μg/L, 1 μg/L and 2.19 μg/L, respectively. A prevalence of 3.1 % (3/97) was detected; all positive participa...
The Egyptian Journal of Internal Medicine, 2021
Background Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is highly pathogenic, and clinical studies revealed that HDV i... more Background Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is highly pathogenic, and clinical studies revealed that HDV infection aggravates the natural history of the underlying hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by progression to cirrhosis that leads to early decompensation of liver function compared with HBV mono-infection. To determine the seroprevalence of HDV among HBsAg-seropositive patients and associated biochemical profiles at Maiduguri, Nigeria, a hospital-based cross-sectional study on 180 sera of patients positive for HBsAg by ELISA were evaluated for anti-HDV, hepatitis B envelop antigen, anti-HBs antibodies and liver enzyme profiles. Results HDV seroprevalence of 3.3% among 180 HBsAg-positive patients. Relatively higher seroprevalence of HDV was observed in males (4.3%) than in females (2.3%). The highest infection rate (20%) was obtained in patients ≥ 56 years. However, no significant association between positive anti-HDV seroprevalence and gender (p > 0.05). Of the 6 (3.3%) anti-HDV-posi...
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020
For over 6 months of its emergence, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV... more For over 6 months of its emergence, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has resulted to unprecedented global health challenge and economic uncertainties. The pandemic swiftly disseminated to almost all the countries and territories of the world. The index case in Nigeria was imported by an Italian citizen on February 27, 2020. Typical of a novel respiratory tract viral infection, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Nigeria was slow in the first few days. However, as at 8:00 AM GMT+1, July 1, 2020, there were 25694 confirmed COVID-19 cases. With the continuous daily rise in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, enhanced surveillance programs were immediately activated and implemented in all parts of Nigeria. Even though an inadequate number of persons have been tested so far, the government of Nigeria has been activating public health laboratories to scale up its testing capacity. Due to the i...
Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Chikungunya (CHIK) is a re-emerging and myo-arthritogenic arboviral infection that has affected s... more Chikungunya (CHIK) is a re-emerging and myo-arthritogenic arboviral infection that has affected significant global population. However, CHIK is a neglected disease in Nigeria. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence pattern of CHIK virus infection in Nigeria. A systematic review of eligible articles was conducted from "PubMed", "Scopus", "Google Scholar" and "Web of Science", between January 1980 to February 2020. Peer-reviewed articles describing CHIKV infection in cross-sectional studies were systematically reviewed. Randomeffect model was used to pool the prevalence of CHIKV infection and associated sociodemographic data reported from eligible studies. In total, there were 10 published articles on CHIKV infection. Of these, 7 were cross-sectional studies, which comprised of 1347 pooled participants. The pooled anti-CHIKV IgM and IgG seroprevalence were 26.7% (95% CI: 23.2-30.4) and 29.3% (95% CI: 26.2-32.6), respectively. Of the pooled studies, there were 3.8% (95% CI: 2.0-6.4) CHIKV RNA positive cases and 46.1% prevalence of CHIKV neutralizing antibodies. Of the 6 geopolitical zones in Nigeria, Northeast had the highest serological evidence of CHIKV infection. There was a significance association between the prevalence of anti-CHIKV and geopolitical zones of Nigeria (χ²= 70.04; p˂0.0001). Sex (p ˂0.0001; OR= 1.87 [1.47-2.38]) and level of education (p ˂0.0001; OR= 2.74 [1.89-3.95]) were significant risk factors for pooled anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity. However, no significant association was found with other sociodemographic variables (p ˃0.05). Although there was paucity of data on CHIKV research in Nigeria, this metaanalysis revealed a high prevalence of CHIKV infection in the country.
Italian Journal of Medicine, 2020
To the Editor, The world is currently battling with and trying to survive yet another pandemic th... more To the Editor, The world is currently battling with and trying to survive yet another pandemic that threatens human health security. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is one of the three most virulent coronaviruses (CoVs). Based on available clinical details, geriatric group of over 65 years of age and persons with chronic comorbidities such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases and immunodeficiencies tend to rapidly develop multi-organ failure, severe COVID-19 and ultimately, death...
Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 2020
Lassa virus (LASV) has increasingly been recognised as a significant public-health pathogen trans... more Lassa virus (LASV) has increasingly been recognised as a significant public-health pathogen transmitted by rodents. LASV infection leads to life-threatening Lassa fever, which has high potential for severe morbidity and mortality. There have been several scientific efforts to understand the genomics and ecological epidemiology of Lassa. However, very limited studies have focused on the short- and long-term impacts of environmental factors, human behaviours and rodent activities on LASV transmission dynamics and control. Recently, a very plausible and ideal way to address the Lassa epidemic has been considered through the One Health approach. The One Health system of intervention is capable of providing better and comprehensive information necessary to address the complex interplay between human, ecological, and environmental determinants of LASV transmission, persistence and re-emergence. Thus, the aim of this article was to review critically the impacts of various environmental fac...
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2020
Objectives: Destruction of blood cells and damage to hepatocytes are the hallmark of hepatitis B ... more Objectives: Destruction of blood cells and damage to hepatocytes are the hallmark of hepatitis B viral infection. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate some hematological parameters and biomarkers of liver injury in healthy blood donors infected with the occult and overt hepatitis B attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH) and Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 overt and 14 occult hepatitis B virus-infected blood donors were confirmed and enrolled using Roche ® COBAS q-PCR from 212 consented pooled subjects. Hematological parameters and absolute CD4+ T-cell count were determined using the Sysmex hematology analyzer and Partec cyflow counter, respectively. Determination of serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alpha Feto-protein (AFP) levels were done spectrophotometrically and ELISA, respectively. Results: The mean red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells, C...
Calabar Journal of Health Sciences, 2020
Objective: An estimated 75% of Nigerians are at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure. In an a... more Objective: An estimated 75% of Nigerians are at risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure. In an attempt to reduce the menace, the assessment of risk factors associated with HBV infection and general perception of infected individuals is a step in that direction. This study, therefore, identified exposure to risk factors and general perceptions associated with HBV infection in infected individuals in Zaria, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Four milliliters of blood were collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid container from each of 165 HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive participants recruited purposively from the gastroenterology clinic of ABUTH Zaria from May to August 2017. Plasma was separated and used to screen for HBsAg with Fastep® rapid strip. Epi Info® questionnaire database was used to collate data on sociodemographics, risk factors, and perception indices. GraphPad Prism 6 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The median interquartile range age of the participan...
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Papers by Idris Sabo Abdullahi