Papers by Ian Darnton-Hill
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Apr 1, 1987
This study assessed the biochemical status of a number of vitamins and iron in a group of new veg... more This study assessed the biochemical status of a number of vitamins and iron in a group of new vegetarians. Values were compared with a group of omnivores of similar age. Satisfactory to high levels of serum folate, vitamin E, and riboflavin were found, and all were significantly higher in vegetarians than omnivores. Thiamin status was satisfactory in both groups although a small but statistically significant difference in favor of the omnivores was found. Serum vitamin B-12 was significantly lower in vegetarians, and iron status as measured by serum ferritin was very significantly lower in vegetarians. Pyridoxine status was similar in both groups. A number of sex differences were found in the vegetarian sample. New vegetarian women appear to be at particular risk of developing low iron stores.
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, Feb 1, 2002
The Medical Journal of Australia, Nov 1, 1985
Hypnosis with pediatric cancer patients. In: Kellerman 1, ed. Psychological aspects of childhood ... more Hypnosis with pediatric cancer patients. In: Kellerman 1, ed. Psychological aspects of childhood cancer. Springfield, Illinois; Charies e. Thomas, 1980. 124. McCue K. Preparing children for medical procedures. In: Kellerman 1, ed. Psychological aspects of childhood cancer. Springfield, Illinois: Charles e. Thomas, 1980. 125. Ellenberg L. Kellerman .I, Dash .I, er al. Use of hypnosis for multiple symptoms in an adolescent girl with leukaemia.
Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 2001
Medical Journal of Australia, 1979
SIR: It seems the hounds of bureaucracy are closing in, for an entitled pensioner, when filing a ... more SIR: It seems the hounds of bureaucracy are closing in, for an entitled pensioner, when filing a claim for a "PayDoctor" payment, has now to supply: Medibank number; pension entitlement number; registration number with a health insurance fund or Medibank; plus the remaining details "required" by the claim form. In spite of those happy "pensioners" who pay cash and collect their total refund in person, and those who wish to "assign benefits" (if you wish to accept "assignment of benefits"). surely there can be evolved some less taxing and onerous device to facilitate "PayDoctor" arrangements for services rendered by medical practitioners to the aged, the infirm, the supporting mother and the deserted wife, who wish to utilize this method of payment. Is bulk-billing to be thus enforced?
British Journal of Nutrition, Jan 16, 2012
The present study examined whether long-term supplementation with once-and twice-weekly multiple ... more The present study examined whether long-term supplementation with once-and twice-weekly multiple micronutrients (MMN-1 and MMN-2) can improve Hb and micronutrient status more than twice-weekly Fe-folic acid (IFA-2) supplementation in non-anaemic adolescent girls in Bangladesh. An equal number of 324 rural schoolgirls aged 11-17 years were given MMN-1 or MMN-2 or IFA-2 supplements for 52 weeks in a randomised, double-blind trial. Blood samples were collected at baseline, and at 26 and 52 weeks of supplementation. The girls receiving IFA-2 supplements were more likely to be anaemic than the girls receiving MMN-2 supplements for 26 weeks (OR 5•1, 95 % CI 1•3, 19•5; P¼ 0•018). All three supplements reduced Fe deficiency effectively. Both the MMN-1 and MMN-2 groups showed significantly greater improvements in vitamins A, B 2 and C status than the girls in the IFA-2 group, as might be expected. Receiving a MMN-1 supplement was found to be less effective than MMN-2 supplement in improving Fe, vitamins A, B 2 and folic acid status. Receiving micronutrient supplements beyond 26 weeks showed little additional benefit in improving micronutrient status. In conclusion, given twice-weekly for 26 weeks, MMN supplements can improve micronutrient status effectively with no significant increase in Hb concentration compared with IFA supplements in non-anaemic Bangladeshi adolescent girls. However, it significantly reduces the risk of anaemia. Before any recommendations can be made, further research, including into cost-effectiveness, is needed to see whether MMN supplementation has any additional longer-term health benefits over that of IFA supplementation in this population.
Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, Jun 1, 1999
Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop series, 2012
Maternal mortality, low birthweight infants and childhood stunting continue to be major global pu... more Maternal mortality, low birthweight infants and childhood stunting continue to be major global public health problems, part of a recurring cycle of disadvantage. Maternal undernutrition in particular is one of the most neglected aspects of nutrition in public health. One possible low-cost public health intervention that might help address these problems is the antenatal provision of multiple micronutrient supplements. If the evidence base could be established, cost-effectiveness found to be acceptable and safety ensured, supplementation could ameliorate the impact of poor nutrition and diets, high disease burdens and the sociocultural factors contributing to these problems. There have been good studies in over a dozen countries addressing some of these issues but with conflicting results. Consequently, at least three meta-analyses have been undertaken to establish significant findings that could help guide policies and programs. They concluded that multimicronutrient supplementation improves birthweight and likely reduces the number of infants born low birthweight. Supplementation with iron-folic acid or multimicronutrients also appears to have positive longer-term impacts on the health and development of the offspring. There remain concerns about possible increased infant mortality in some populations. Given the results of the meta-analyses, cautious scaling-up of country effectiveness trials appears justified with careful monitoring and evaluation.
Nutrition Reviews, Apr 27, 2009
I propose to consider the features of eating and food habits of adolescents, as seen primarily in... more I propose to consider the features of eating and food habits of adolescents, as seen primarily in Northern Europe, North America and Australia, that seem to differ (at least in degree) from these habits at other stages of life. I think there are about ten of these features. I will consider them in turn, selected from what has been reported or commented on each in the recent nutrition literature. “There is not enough information on the range and variation of food intakes of adolescents, especially those living in permissive affluent societies.”’ This makes adolescence a good subject for this Marabou Symposium because previous symposia have stimulated interest in the subjects discussed. The last part of our paper will give an example of adolescent food habits in the preliminary report of a mid1979 survey of 4-day food intakes in 290 senior students aged 16 and 17 years in 12 secondary schools (high schools) in Sydney, Australia. Biologically, adolescence is the phase of completion of growth and of sexual maturation. The timing of the growth spurt and the onset of sexual function varies considerably in individuak2 This can cause unhappiness and embarrassment in those who develop behind or in front of the main group of their peers. With the secular changes that have occurred in the age of the menarche, this wide individual range gives some vagueness in setting age borders to adolescence. The ages should be younger for girls than boys yet they usually work and play together. I have taken as a guide McKigney & Munro’s3 ages of 13 to 17 years for girls and 15 to 21 years for boys. This means that, in a coeducational school or college, at 13 or 14 years the girls are adolescents, but not yet the boys while at 18 to 21 the boys are still adolescents but the girls are (as a rule) already fully grown adults. Only at 15, 16 and 17 years are both boys and girls in the same classroom adolescents together. Note that ”teenagers” strictly speaking if males at 13 and 14 years are preadolescent; if females at 18 and 19 years would be adults but the word seems to be used mainly for those starting their teens. There are, of course, social and well as biological aspects to adolescence and food habits in different communities must be affected by the opportunities that adolescents have of eating with their peers and away from the family and on the investment that food manufacturers and caterers put into providing products. advertising and eating places aimed at this age group. Adolescents are able to break away from their family eating pattern more frequently in sophisticated cities than on isolated rural farms. But at school and in the home the need of the newly emerging adult to forge his or her own identity is likely to be expressed partly in food habits.
Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2013
World review of nutrition and dietetics, Apr 20, 2015
L'auteur essaie d'analyser les liens entre malnutrition alcoolisme et mauvaise sante. Il ... more L'auteur essaie d'analyser les liens entre malnutrition alcoolisme et mauvaise sante. Il remarque que la plupart des etudes sont effectuees sur des animaux et que les consequences de l'alcoolisme chez l'animal ne sont pas facilement comparables a celles observees chez l'homme. L'influence des facteurs genetiques, socio-culturels sur l'alcoolisme, la malnutrition et la mauvaise sante qui en decoule est analysee
Nutrition Reviews, Apr 27, 2009
Although there has been a remarkable decline in thg proportion of malnourished children in Latin ... more Although there has been a remarkable decline in thg proportion of malnourished children in Latin America, micronutrient deficiencies, especially iron deficiency anemia, remain significant public health problems. A substantial reduction in the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is an important goal for the end of the decade. Interest in fortifying wheat flour and drymilled maize flour is thus growing, and significant experience in the fortification of flours with iron and the B vitamins, including folate, is emerging. It is necessary to ensure that fortification levels and standards, legislation, and quality assurance and control measures are in place nationally and harmonized regionally
Proceedings - Nutrition Society of Australia., Dec 1, 1989
PubMed, Jun 1, 1992
A new global 'baby-friendly hospital initiative' has been launched by UNICEF and WHO. Its central... more A new global 'baby-friendly hospital initiative' has been launched by UNICEF and WHO. Its central elements are hospital practices that are known to protect, promote and support breast-feeding. The health benefits of breast-feeding have been shown to be more extensive than previously believed. The new initiative is needed because the 'code of marketing of breast-milk substitutes' alone has not had enough impact on infant-feeding practices. Also, contrary to expectations in most parts of the world, the health services have generally been unable to help mothers to breast-feed. The 'baby-friendly hospital initiative' employs four basic interventions that have been shown to be effective in increasing breast-feeding: counselling of the mother, early initiation of breast-feeding, rooming-in and the establishment of support groups for mothers. The main strategy for overcoming institutional constraints to breast-feeding is to train the maternity health care providers. Also, administrative procedures and public information campaigns may be needed.
Others who have been helpful along the way are Ms. Beth Kopecky, my Administrative Assistant and ... more Others who have been helpful along the way are Ms. Beth Kopecky, my Administrative Assistant and friend at UNICEF, Ms Tiya Habachy, Mr Eunchul Bae and Ms Claire Cullen who helped with various formatting issues and getting the CD-Roms in order. Finally I would like to thank my daughter Phoebe Hill who is just embarking on the same, but hopefully shorter process, and her mother Dr Johanna Watson, always supportive. I would also like to thank friends and colleagues in UNICEF, WHO and WFP, amongst other partners, who shared their experiences, strategies and unpublished documentation, and many supportive friends, including
International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 2022
The bidirectional relationship between TB and nutrition is well recognizedprimary undernutrition ... more The bidirectional relationship between TB and nutrition is well recognizedprimary undernutrition is a risk factor for developing TB disease, while TB results in wasting. Although nutrition support is acknowledged as an important intervention in TB programmes, it is seldom afforded commensurate priority for action. TB incidence and deaths worldwide are falling too slowly to meet WHO End TB Strategy milestones, and the number of undernourished people is increasing, likely to be further exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Undernutrition needs to be more urgently and intensively addressed. This is especially true for the WHO SouthEast Asia Region, where the high rates of undernutrition are a key driver of the TB epidemic. The evidence base has been sufficiently robust for clear and workable programmatic guidance to be formulated on assessment, counselling and interventions for TB patients. Many highburden countries have developed policies addressing TB and nutrition. Gaps in research to date have frustrated the development of more refined programmatic approaches related to addressing TB and malnutrition. Future research can be shaped to inform targeted, actionable policies and programmes delivering dual benefits in terms of undernutrition
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Papers by Ian Darnton-Hill