Cultural relics contain rich historical and cultural information, and their English translation i... more Cultural relics contain rich historical and cultural information, and their English translation is an important part of cross-cultural communication. There are numerous cultural relics in the Liangzhu site, which represent the late Neolithic culture. This article analyzes the translation methods based on the requirements of translation of the cultural relics. The author intends to adopt the literal translation, annotations, and free translations. Through translation the author hope that the target readers can better understand the Liangzhu cultural relics and promote the dissemination of Chinese culture and Liangzhu culture.
This paper examines the Eurocentric bias that plagues the discipline of political science and exp... more This paper examines the Eurocentric bias that plagues the discipline of political science and explores ways to evaluate geography. Historically, political science has been dominated by Western theories and methods, leaving non-Western political theories lacking. This Eurocentrism not only ignores the diversity of international politics, but also leads to international conflict. This paper argues for a more unified and representative approach to politics by examining the political realm, the laws that currently govern, and the integration of Global South theory into international relations theory. This paper also explores the need to address research using alternative methods that reflect the complexity of non-Western political systems. Finally, decolonizing political science requires not only a broadening of inquiry but also a rethinking of the discipline's fundamental assumptions in order to create a more equitable and universal understanding of politics.
This paper undertakes a critical analysis of Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Guzaarish (2010) via the int... more This paper undertakes a critical analysis of Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Guzaarish (2010) via the interdisciplinary framework of Disability Studies, emphasising the intricate relationship between representation, agency, and socio-cultural ideology. The film focusses on Ethan Mascarenhas, a quadriplegic ex-magician, whose request for euthanasia generates conflicting narratives on autonomy, masculinity, and the commodification of suffering. This study employs the critical insights of academics such as Margrit Shildrick, David T. Mitchell, and Sharon L. Snyder to examine the interconnections of disability, vulnerability, and posthuman embodiment within cinematic discourse. The paper analyses how Guzaarish (2010) both romanticises and problematises disability, presenting it within an aestheticised tragedy while addressing Ethan's charismatic agency. This paper examines how the film's portrayal of Ethan's dependency redefines conventional masculinity and contests dominant notions of bodily perfection through posthumanist lens. This paper characterises Guzaarish (2010) as a contradictory work that alternates between reinforcing disability stereotypes as a manifestation of loss and offering instances of subversion that suggest the recovery of agency and dignity within the limitations of cinematic conventions. This paper elucidates the conflicts within Bollywood's engagement with disability as both a narrative and visual construct, providing new insights into its capacity for critique and complicity in sustaining ableist ideologies.
In Aditi Banerjee's The Curse of Gandhari, Gandhari's self-imposed blindness operates as a centra... more In Aditi Banerjee's The Curse of Gandhari, Gandhari's self-imposed blindness operates as a central narrative prosthesis, deeply influencing the development of her character and the thematic direction of the novel. Narrative prosthesis refers to the use of disability to advance the plot, reveal deeper meanings, or shape the trajectory of character development. Gandhari's voluntary blindness serves multiple purposesit reflects her internal conflict, symbolizes her moral dilemmas, and becomes a powerful metaphor for the blindness of power, fate, and maternal helplessness. This article examines how Gandhari's blindness not only reflects her psychological state but also drives the narrative forward, making it an indispensable tool in the novel's exploration of patriarchal restrictions, moral blindness, and the tragic weight of maternal responsibility.
The day-to day micro-governance of the world's largest democracy is performed through the multi-t... more The day-to day micro-governance of the world's largest democracy is performed through the multi-tiered machinery of the Indian Administrative Service which was established by the East India Company as the Indian Civil Service in the late eighteenth century. Ontologically perceived, it is an immensely complex system, devised by the administrators of a colonial government to rule a group of 'natives' with whom they had hardly anything in common. The inevitable heavy influx of Indians into the service post-Independence has only accentuated its hybrid nature. This article seeks to understand the hybrid nature of this system and its representatives through the fictional representation by Upamanyu Chatterjee of the "steel frame" of the welfare state. In Upamanyu Chatterjee's novels, English, August (1988) and its sequel The Mammaries of the Welfare State (2000), the protagonist, Agastya Sen, an IAS officer, is a classic representation of the hybridity of the system that he serves. Burdened with the name of a mythical Indian Saint, Agastya, the son of a Hindu Bengali father and a Goanese Christian mother, epitomizes the inbetweenness of the postcolonial subject. His missionary education and Anglicized upbringing have conferred upon him several nicknames like August and English. His existential crisis comes to a head when he finds himself taxed with the task of understanding the system of governance in the far-off district of Madna as a trainee officer. This article seeks to understand Agastya's plight as symptomatic of the problems inherent within the structure of the Indian Administrative Service and the state of India itself. Using the theoretical framework developed by Homi K Bhabha in The Location of Culture, I would like to understand Agastya as a postcolonial 'mimic' subject and the system he represents as a 'hybrid' and 'ambivalent' one.
Since the Holocaust genre held its significance in terms of literature and cultural memory, it se... more Since the Holocaust genre held its significance in terms of literature and cultural memory, it served as a medium for preserving historical truth, which can also foster empathy and develop critical thinking skills among individuals. This study explores the significance of using the Holocaust genre to understand the conceptual metaphor through two notable works: The Tattooist of Auschwitz by Heather Morris and The Librarian of Auschwitz by Antonio Iturbe. Indeed, the use of these two novels could bridge the gap between historical events and the readers using Lakoff's The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor, offering new insight into the roles of metaphor in representing Holocaust survivors' experience during wartime, which underlines the concept related to survival, identity, moral ambiguity, atrocity, etc.
This study aimed to assess the level attitude towards learning English of the Senior High School ... more This study aimed to assess the level attitude towards learning English of the Senior High School STEM students in Siocon District, Division of Zamboanga del Norte during the school year 2022-2023. Frequency count and percent, weighted mean, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Kruskal-Wallis H Test were the statistical tools used in the study. There were two hundred forty (240) respondents involved in the survey. The study revealed that most of the respondents were females, 18 years and above, most of them were grade 12 and majority of them were Bisaya/Cebuano. The study revealed that behavioral attitudes level toward learning English was high, cognitive attitudes level toward learning English was high, and affective attitudes level toward learning English was high. There was no significant difference in the perceived of level students' attitudes toward learning English in terms of sex, age, grade level and ethnic group. Based on the findings, it is recommended that teachers should elevate the students' attitudes, and their interest in English should increase because of the teachers' provision of worthwhile activities, such as but not limited to remedial instruction, extracurricular English activities, and language-related programs.
Despite notable improvements in the social conditions of villages across Haryana, significant cha... more Despite notable improvements in the social conditions of villages across Haryana, significant challenges remain for a large segment of the population, particularly in accessing higher education and essential services. While the government has made considerable efforts to provide basic facilities in rural areas, many residents continue to struggle with inadequate healthcare, education, and sanitation. To gain deeper insights into these persistent issues, a detailed case study was conducted in Hansawas Khurd village, situated in the Charkhi Dadri District. The study focused on evaluating various indicators of education and socioeconomic status among rural households. Key aspects analyzed included household facilities, levels of educational achievement, employment patterns, and income distribution. The research utilized primary data collected from 60 households, covering a total of 150 respondents. By examining this data, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the community's access to essential resources and the impact of infrastructure development on their daily lives.
Survival is a prominent theme in the genre of post-apocalyptic literature. Such narrative unravel... more Survival is a prominent theme in the genre of post-apocalyptic literature. Such narrative unravels in the aftermath of a catastrophic event, where civilization has crumbled, leaving behind a desolate world. Its central theme revolves around survival-the instinctual drive of characters to stay alive amidst chaos, scarcity, and danger. These narratives explore the resilience of humanity, the loss of societal norms, and the pursuit of hope in dire circumstances. The strategy of survival is different for each survivor of every story-ranging from combating the outbreak of a deadly virus to coping with a world ending natural disaster. The novels of Cormac McCarthy, a prominent figure in modern American Fiction, tell the tale of a struggle for human survival. The novels of Emily St John Mandel also depict realistic scenarios where survival of humans is threatened. This paper intends to analyse the various survival strategies adopted by the characters of the selected post-apocalyptic fiction by the above mentioned authors in order to tackle the life threatening circumstances they are presented with.
The image of Chinese women in official media is a crucial component of China's national image. Th... more The image of Chinese women in official media is a crucial component of China's national image. The story of Wang Yaping, an outstanding female astronaut, is widely promoted worldwide, influencing foreign perceptions of the country. Using Fairclough's Three-dimensional Model as a guiding framework, this study analyzes how China Daily constructs Wang's image. The study yields three major findings: (1) China Daily depict Wang as a space hero to China, a female role model and a knowledge disseminator, linking her personal achievements to national development and emphasizing her qualities such as persistence and approachability; (2) the newspaper balances the authenticity and vividness, provides properly detailed and concise reports and demonstrates objective and immersive narrative of Wang's story; (3) Wang's image combines the people's aspirations and social mainstream values, encourages women to pursue higher achievements and creates a positive international image for China. This study may investigate a new perspective to the field of female image research in China.
This paper critically examines the intersection of medical norms, disability, and societal stigma... more This paper critically examines the intersection of medical norms, disability, and societal stigma in Perumal Murugan's novel One Part Woman. Set in rural Tamil Nadu, the narrative of Kali and Ponna's struggle with infertility provides a lens through which to explore how disability is constructed and perceived within traditional Indian society. This study analyzes the novel's portrayal of cultural and medical practices that marginalize and stigmatize individuals who deviate from normative health and ability standards. By focusing on the characters' experiences and societal interactions, the paper uncovers the deep-seated biases and prejudices that underpin these practices. Through a critical disability studies framework, this research highlights the intersectionality of gender, disability, and cultural expectations, revealing the compounded challenges faced by disabled individuals. The paper argues that Murugan's work not only critiques existing medical and societal norms but also advocates for a more inclusive and empathetic approach to disability. This analysis contributes to the broader discourse on disability studies by challenging established paradigms and promoting a re-evaluation of both medical practices and societal attitudes. The findings underscore the importance of fostering a more inclusive and equitable society, free from the stigmas that perpetuate discrimination against disabled individuals. This study provides valuable insights for scholars and practitioners interested in the intersections of literature, culture, and disability, offering a significant contribution to the advancement of disability studies and the promotion of inclusivity. I.
This groundbreaking choreopoem, "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow i... more This groundbreaking choreopoem, "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow is Enuf," penned by Ntozake Shange, delves into the intricate tapestry of experiences faced by women of color in America. Through a poignant blend of poetry, dance, and music, Shange gives voice to the silenced narratives of seven women, each representing a distinct color of the rainbow. This seminal work excavates the intersections of racism, sexism, and personal identity, laying bare the struggles and triumphs of women navigating the complexities of a patriarchal society. As a powerful exploration of intersectional feminism, this choreopoem continues to resonate with audiences, offering a testament to the resilience and strength of women of color. The choreopoem's non-linear narrative structure and innovative use of language, dance, and music create a unique and immersive experience for the audience. Shange's masterful storytelling weaves together themes of love, loss, trauma, and empowerment, providing a nuanced and multifaceted portrayal of the lives of women of color. By centering the voices and experiences of these women, Shange challenges dominant narratives and power structures, creating a powerful and enduring work of art. Furthermore, "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow is Enuf," has had a profound impact on American literature and culture, paving the way for future generations of women writers and artists of color. Its influence can be seen in a wide range of artistic and literary works, from the poetry of Maya Angelou and Audre Lorde to the plays of Anna Deavere Smith and Suzan-Lori Parks. As a testament to its enduring relevance and power, "For Colored Girls" continues to be performed, taught, and celebrated around the world. I.
This paper provides a detailed overview of the origin and development of Proximization Theory, as... more This paper provides a detailed overview of the origin and development of Proximization Theory, as well as the related literature review both abroad and in China. The author also discusses its limitations and the trend for development, in the hope of providing useful reference for further research and development of PT on the one hand, and looking forward to further innovation and breakthrough in the theoretical framework of critical cognitive linguistics on the other. Thus discourse analysis can provide people with better criteria for judgement and help people better reshape their positive cognition of the world through language resources and enjoy the beauty of diversity and harmony. I.
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a paradigm shift in India's education system,... more The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a paradigm shift in India's education system, emphasizing inclusive, equitable and lifelong learning. Public libraries have been positioned as critical "learning and resource centres" in integrating formal and self-directed education while fostering literacy, skill development and digital empowerment. Lifelong learning, as envisioned in the NEP 2020, encompasses both formal and non-formal learning processes aimed at enhancing individual and societal well-being. This study pointed to the role of public libraries in implementing the lifelong learning framework of the NEP 2020, highlighting challenges such as resource constraints, skill gaps among staff, limited community collaboration and accessibility issues. It also explores opportunities for libraries to become dynamic hubs of adult education and lifelong learning through modernization, community-focused programming, and improved policy support. Recommendations include fostering partnerships with educational institutions and local organizations, equipping librarians with expertise in ICT and pedagogy, upgrading infrastructure, and developing inclusive, vernacular-rich collections. The study underscores the transformative potential of public libraries in shaping a knowledgeable and self-reliant society by aligning their services with the goals of NEP 2020 for lifelong learning and cultural preservation.
Postmodern literature is considered as a special approach of literature keeping in mind its ideol... more Postmodern literature is considered as a special approach of literature keeping in mind its ideological and stylistic features. As a genre of literature it is not confined within any boundary. Rather it is suggestive of "Zero-boundary". 'Postmodern' is not a time zone or it does signify any particular time. But the postmodern school appeared before us with the intensity of discussion in the decade of 80s of Twentieth Century considering a radical change in sociological perspective. After Second world War the term 'postmodern' was applied on several subjects such as literature, art, architect, sociology, philosophy, film, communication and so on. Though it is said that postmodern is not sequel of modern, yet we cannot ignore the concepts of modern while discussing postmodern. In literature the features regarded as postmodern often were applied and are being still applied in poetry. Bengali poetry does not strictly follow the features of European postmodern aspects. It contains its own stylistics devices in reflecting postmodern swing. Binayak Bandyapadhyay, a poet of the "Shunya Dashak" of Bengali poetry is very much experimental in his creative output. His anthology namely "Sambhabami", published from Signet Press is genuinely regarded as a postmodern discourse of the "Srimad Bhagvad Gita". In this article I intend to mark the postmodern ethos found in the said anthology of Binayak Bandyapadhyay.
This study aims to investigate the linguistic features and strategies used by Donald Trump in his... more This study aims to investigate the linguistic features and strategies used by Donald Trump in his verbal attacks during his presidential campaign. The study aims to investigate the quotes, either directly or indirectly. The objective is to determine the persuasive level of verbal abuse as a rhetorical device in contemporary political discourse. A comprehensive linguistic analysis of his speeches during his campaign trail is used to examine the effect of verbal attacks on the delivery of his campaign speech in the presidential campaign and how this kind of political action affects the field of politics or politicians, which remains the main area of interest.
It can be challenging to consider and discuss the often unsaid ethical aspect of teaching. From a... more It can be challenging to consider and discuss the often unsaid ethical aspect of teaching. From a professional standpoint, the caliber and standing of the teaching profession depend on professional ethics and a shared body of knowledge. The impetus for this descriptive phenomenological study stemmed from the need to understand how teachers perceive their own professional ethics and how they manifest in their instruction. We interviewed thirty-six Iraqi teachers who work with students ages one to sixteen to formulate the essence of the phenomenon. The findings demonstrate that teaching pupils right from wrong is the primary ethical duty of educators. A secure learning environment, relationships with and among the pupils, and guidance are all interdependent. The surrounding society impacts the pupil's supervision and opportunities for cooperation with guardians and coworkers.
The current research investigates teachers roles and question techniques in the EFL classroom. Th... more The current research investigates teachers roles and question techniques in the EFL classroom. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether a relationship exists between the roles of teachers and question techniques in EFL classrooms at AL-Iraqia University, and to determine whether there is a difference in the roles of male and female teachers. This research employs a questionnaire as its tool. The population of the present study covers EFL teachers (male and female) who teach English language in the college of media at Al-Iraqia University for the academic year 2023/2024. The research restricts its sample to EFL teachers, both male and female, who instruct undergraduate students. The results obtained in this research indicate that there is a significant relationship between teachers' roles and question techniques in EFL classrooms at Al-Iraqia University, and there is no substantial relationship between teachers' roles (male and female).
Education highly enables the individual to get better job opportunities, which leads to personal ... more Education highly enables the individual to get better job opportunities, which leads to personal development, social development, and economic stability (UNESCO, 2021). Education equips the individual with skills to sustain their career, business, and financial life. Higher educational attainment often tends to be associated with higher wages in the workforce (Hanushek & Woessmann, 2020). In addition, education improves quality of life, social empowerment, and economic stability at the national level (World Bank, 2018). Individuals with a good educational background are more likely to make better decisions in planning for their families, managing finances, and achieving economic independence (OECD, 2019). Education is not just about income; it also develops personal growth, financial security, and social development (Psacharopoulos & Patrinos, 2018). It is a trigger for skill building, social status, and quality of life. Poverty, inequality, injustice, unemployment, child marriage, and discrimination can be discouraged through education (UNDP, 2019).
In Shakespeare's King Lear, the protagonist's journey from powerful monarch to vulnerable beggar ... more In Shakespeare's King Lear, the protagonist's journey from powerful monarch to vulnerable beggar serves as a profound exploration of identity and transformation. This paper examines Lear's metamorphosis, focusing on how his shifting sense of self reflects broader themes of authority, vulnerability, and human frailty. At the outset, Lear defines his identity through his royal power and relationship with his daughters, but his misguided decisions lead to his downfall, initiating a process of personal and psychological unraveling. The Fool and Lear's madness serve as pivotal moments, forcing him to confront the discrepancy between self-deception and self-awareness. Stripped of his kingdom and family, Lear's transformation into a beggar marks a profound shift in his understanding of identity. In the absence of external markers of power, Lear gains insight into his own humanity, recognizing the universality of suffering and the impermanence of authority. Ultimately, this paper argues that Lear's tragic transformation is not just a loss of status but an awakening to self-knowledge. His death, while tragic, represents the completion of his transformation, as he gains a deeper understanding of love, humility, and the fragility of human existence. Through this process, King Lear offers a poignant meditation on the nature of identity and its complex, often fragile, formation.
Cultural relics contain rich historical and cultural information, and their English translation i... more Cultural relics contain rich historical and cultural information, and their English translation is an important part of cross-cultural communication. There are numerous cultural relics in the Liangzhu site, which represent the late Neolithic culture. This article analyzes the translation methods based on the requirements of translation of the cultural relics. The author intends to adopt the literal translation, annotations, and free translations. Through translation the author hope that the target readers can better understand the Liangzhu cultural relics and promote the dissemination of Chinese culture and Liangzhu culture.
This paper examines the Eurocentric bias that plagues the discipline of political science and exp... more This paper examines the Eurocentric bias that plagues the discipline of political science and explores ways to evaluate geography. Historically, political science has been dominated by Western theories and methods, leaving non-Western political theories lacking. This Eurocentrism not only ignores the diversity of international politics, but also leads to international conflict. This paper argues for a more unified and representative approach to politics by examining the political realm, the laws that currently govern, and the integration of Global South theory into international relations theory. This paper also explores the need to address research using alternative methods that reflect the complexity of non-Western political systems. Finally, decolonizing political science requires not only a broadening of inquiry but also a rethinking of the discipline's fundamental assumptions in order to create a more equitable and universal understanding of politics.
This paper undertakes a critical analysis of Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Guzaarish (2010) via the int... more This paper undertakes a critical analysis of Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Guzaarish (2010) via the interdisciplinary framework of Disability Studies, emphasising the intricate relationship between representation, agency, and socio-cultural ideology. The film focusses on Ethan Mascarenhas, a quadriplegic ex-magician, whose request for euthanasia generates conflicting narratives on autonomy, masculinity, and the commodification of suffering. This study employs the critical insights of academics such as Margrit Shildrick, David T. Mitchell, and Sharon L. Snyder to examine the interconnections of disability, vulnerability, and posthuman embodiment within cinematic discourse. The paper analyses how Guzaarish (2010) both romanticises and problematises disability, presenting it within an aestheticised tragedy while addressing Ethan's charismatic agency. This paper examines how the film's portrayal of Ethan's dependency redefines conventional masculinity and contests dominant notions of bodily perfection through posthumanist lens. This paper characterises Guzaarish (2010) as a contradictory work that alternates between reinforcing disability stereotypes as a manifestation of loss and offering instances of subversion that suggest the recovery of agency and dignity within the limitations of cinematic conventions. This paper elucidates the conflicts within Bollywood's engagement with disability as both a narrative and visual construct, providing new insights into its capacity for critique and complicity in sustaining ableist ideologies.
In Aditi Banerjee's The Curse of Gandhari, Gandhari's self-imposed blindness operates as a centra... more In Aditi Banerjee's The Curse of Gandhari, Gandhari's self-imposed blindness operates as a central narrative prosthesis, deeply influencing the development of her character and the thematic direction of the novel. Narrative prosthesis refers to the use of disability to advance the plot, reveal deeper meanings, or shape the trajectory of character development. Gandhari's voluntary blindness serves multiple purposesit reflects her internal conflict, symbolizes her moral dilemmas, and becomes a powerful metaphor for the blindness of power, fate, and maternal helplessness. This article examines how Gandhari's blindness not only reflects her psychological state but also drives the narrative forward, making it an indispensable tool in the novel's exploration of patriarchal restrictions, moral blindness, and the tragic weight of maternal responsibility.
The day-to day micro-governance of the world's largest democracy is performed through the multi-t... more The day-to day micro-governance of the world's largest democracy is performed through the multi-tiered machinery of the Indian Administrative Service which was established by the East India Company as the Indian Civil Service in the late eighteenth century. Ontologically perceived, it is an immensely complex system, devised by the administrators of a colonial government to rule a group of 'natives' with whom they had hardly anything in common. The inevitable heavy influx of Indians into the service post-Independence has only accentuated its hybrid nature. This article seeks to understand the hybrid nature of this system and its representatives through the fictional representation by Upamanyu Chatterjee of the "steel frame" of the welfare state. In Upamanyu Chatterjee's novels, English, August (1988) and its sequel The Mammaries of the Welfare State (2000), the protagonist, Agastya Sen, an IAS officer, is a classic representation of the hybridity of the system that he serves. Burdened with the name of a mythical Indian Saint, Agastya, the son of a Hindu Bengali father and a Goanese Christian mother, epitomizes the inbetweenness of the postcolonial subject. His missionary education and Anglicized upbringing have conferred upon him several nicknames like August and English. His existential crisis comes to a head when he finds himself taxed with the task of understanding the system of governance in the far-off district of Madna as a trainee officer. This article seeks to understand Agastya's plight as symptomatic of the problems inherent within the structure of the Indian Administrative Service and the state of India itself. Using the theoretical framework developed by Homi K Bhabha in The Location of Culture, I would like to understand Agastya as a postcolonial 'mimic' subject and the system he represents as a 'hybrid' and 'ambivalent' one.
Since the Holocaust genre held its significance in terms of literature and cultural memory, it se... more Since the Holocaust genre held its significance in terms of literature and cultural memory, it served as a medium for preserving historical truth, which can also foster empathy and develop critical thinking skills among individuals. This study explores the significance of using the Holocaust genre to understand the conceptual metaphor through two notable works: The Tattooist of Auschwitz by Heather Morris and The Librarian of Auschwitz by Antonio Iturbe. Indeed, the use of these two novels could bridge the gap between historical events and the readers using Lakoff's The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor, offering new insight into the roles of metaphor in representing Holocaust survivors' experience during wartime, which underlines the concept related to survival, identity, moral ambiguity, atrocity, etc.
This study aimed to assess the level attitude towards learning English of the Senior High School ... more This study aimed to assess the level attitude towards learning English of the Senior High School STEM students in Siocon District, Division of Zamboanga del Norte during the school year 2022-2023. Frequency count and percent, weighted mean, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Kruskal-Wallis H Test were the statistical tools used in the study. There were two hundred forty (240) respondents involved in the survey. The study revealed that most of the respondents were females, 18 years and above, most of them were grade 12 and majority of them were Bisaya/Cebuano. The study revealed that behavioral attitudes level toward learning English was high, cognitive attitudes level toward learning English was high, and affective attitudes level toward learning English was high. There was no significant difference in the perceived of level students' attitudes toward learning English in terms of sex, age, grade level and ethnic group. Based on the findings, it is recommended that teachers should elevate the students' attitudes, and their interest in English should increase because of the teachers' provision of worthwhile activities, such as but not limited to remedial instruction, extracurricular English activities, and language-related programs.
Despite notable improvements in the social conditions of villages across Haryana, significant cha... more Despite notable improvements in the social conditions of villages across Haryana, significant challenges remain for a large segment of the population, particularly in accessing higher education and essential services. While the government has made considerable efforts to provide basic facilities in rural areas, many residents continue to struggle with inadequate healthcare, education, and sanitation. To gain deeper insights into these persistent issues, a detailed case study was conducted in Hansawas Khurd village, situated in the Charkhi Dadri District. The study focused on evaluating various indicators of education and socioeconomic status among rural households. Key aspects analyzed included household facilities, levels of educational achievement, employment patterns, and income distribution. The research utilized primary data collected from 60 households, covering a total of 150 respondents. By examining this data, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the community's access to essential resources and the impact of infrastructure development on their daily lives.
Survival is a prominent theme in the genre of post-apocalyptic literature. Such narrative unravel... more Survival is a prominent theme in the genre of post-apocalyptic literature. Such narrative unravels in the aftermath of a catastrophic event, where civilization has crumbled, leaving behind a desolate world. Its central theme revolves around survival-the instinctual drive of characters to stay alive amidst chaos, scarcity, and danger. These narratives explore the resilience of humanity, the loss of societal norms, and the pursuit of hope in dire circumstances. The strategy of survival is different for each survivor of every story-ranging from combating the outbreak of a deadly virus to coping with a world ending natural disaster. The novels of Cormac McCarthy, a prominent figure in modern American Fiction, tell the tale of a struggle for human survival. The novels of Emily St John Mandel also depict realistic scenarios where survival of humans is threatened. This paper intends to analyse the various survival strategies adopted by the characters of the selected post-apocalyptic fiction by the above mentioned authors in order to tackle the life threatening circumstances they are presented with.
The image of Chinese women in official media is a crucial component of China's national image. Th... more The image of Chinese women in official media is a crucial component of China's national image. The story of Wang Yaping, an outstanding female astronaut, is widely promoted worldwide, influencing foreign perceptions of the country. Using Fairclough's Three-dimensional Model as a guiding framework, this study analyzes how China Daily constructs Wang's image. The study yields three major findings: (1) China Daily depict Wang as a space hero to China, a female role model and a knowledge disseminator, linking her personal achievements to national development and emphasizing her qualities such as persistence and approachability; (2) the newspaper balances the authenticity and vividness, provides properly detailed and concise reports and demonstrates objective and immersive narrative of Wang's story; (3) Wang's image combines the people's aspirations and social mainstream values, encourages women to pursue higher achievements and creates a positive international image for China. This study may investigate a new perspective to the field of female image research in China.
This paper critically examines the intersection of medical norms, disability, and societal stigma... more This paper critically examines the intersection of medical norms, disability, and societal stigma in Perumal Murugan's novel One Part Woman. Set in rural Tamil Nadu, the narrative of Kali and Ponna's struggle with infertility provides a lens through which to explore how disability is constructed and perceived within traditional Indian society. This study analyzes the novel's portrayal of cultural and medical practices that marginalize and stigmatize individuals who deviate from normative health and ability standards. By focusing on the characters' experiences and societal interactions, the paper uncovers the deep-seated biases and prejudices that underpin these practices. Through a critical disability studies framework, this research highlights the intersectionality of gender, disability, and cultural expectations, revealing the compounded challenges faced by disabled individuals. The paper argues that Murugan's work not only critiques existing medical and societal norms but also advocates for a more inclusive and empathetic approach to disability. This analysis contributes to the broader discourse on disability studies by challenging established paradigms and promoting a re-evaluation of both medical practices and societal attitudes. The findings underscore the importance of fostering a more inclusive and equitable society, free from the stigmas that perpetuate discrimination against disabled individuals. This study provides valuable insights for scholars and practitioners interested in the intersections of literature, culture, and disability, offering a significant contribution to the advancement of disability studies and the promotion of inclusivity. I.
This groundbreaking choreopoem, "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow i... more This groundbreaking choreopoem, "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow is Enuf," penned by Ntozake Shange, delves into the intricate tapestry of experiences faced by women of color in America. Through a poignant blend of poetry, dance, and music, Shange gives voice to the silenced narratives of seven women, each representing a distinct color of the rainbow. This seminal work excavates the intersections of racism, sexism, and personal identity, laying bare the struggles and triumphs of women navigating the complexities of a patriarchal society. As a powerful exploration of intersectional feminism, this choreopoem continues to resonate with audiences, offering a testament to the resilience and strength of women of color. The choreopoem's non-linear narrative structure and innovative use of language, dance, and music create a unique and immersive experience for the audience. Shange's masterful storytelling weaves together themes of love, loss, trauma, and empowerment, providing a nuanced and multifaceted portrayal of the lives of women of color. By centering the voices and experiences of these women, Shange challenges dominant narratives and power structures, creating a powerful and enduring work of art. Furthermore, "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide/When the Rainbow is Enuf," has had a profound impact on American literature and culture, paving the way for future generations of women writers and artists of color. Its influence can be seen in a wide range of artistic and literary works, from the poetry of Maya Angelou and Audre Lorde to the plays of Anna Deavere Smith and Suzan-Lori Parks. As a testament to its enduring relevance and power, "For Colored Girls" continues to be performed, taught, and celebrated around the world. I.
This paper provides a detailed overview of the origin and development of Proximization Theory, as... more This paper provides a detailed overview of the origin and development of Proximization Theory, as well as the related literature review both abroad and in China. The author also discusses its limitations and the trend for development, in the hope of providing useful reference for further research and development of PT on the one hand, and looking forward to further innovation and breakthrough in the theoretical framework of critical cognitive linguistics on the other. Thus discourse analysis can provide people with better criteria for judgement and help people better reshape their positive cognition of the world through language resources and enjoy the beauty of diversity and harmony. I.
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a paradigm shift in India's education system,... more The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a paradigm shift in India's education system, emphasizing inclusive, equitable and lifelong learning. Public libraries have been positioned as critical "learning and resource centres" in integrating formal and self-directed education while fostering literacy, skill development and digital empowerment. Lifelong learning, as envisioned in the NEP 2020, encompasses both formal and non-formal learning processes aimed at enhancing individual and societal well-being. This study pointed to the role of public libraries in implementing the lifelong learning framework of the NEP 2020, highlighting challenges such as resource constraints, skill gaps among staff, limited community collaboration and accessibility issues. It also explores opportunities for libraries to become dynamic hubs of adult education and lifelong learning through modernization, community-focused programming, and improved policy support. Recommendations include fostering partnerships with educational institutions and local organizations, equipping librarians with expertise in ICT and pedagogy, upgrading infrastructure, and developing inclusive, vernacular-rich collections. The study underscores the transformative potential of public libraries in shaping a knowledgeable and self-reliant society by aligning their services with the goals of NEP 2020 for lifelong learning and cultural preservation.
Postmodern literature is considered as a special approach of literature keeping in mind its ideol... more Postmodern literature is considered as a special approach of literature keeping in mind its ideological and stylistic features. As a genre of literature it is not confined within any boundary. Rather it is suggestive of "Zero-boundary". 'Postmodern' is not a time zone or it does signify any particular time. But the postmodern school appeared before us with the intensity of discussion in the decade of 80s of Twentieth Century considering a radical change in sociological perspective. After Second world War the term 'postmodern' was applied on several subjects such as literature, art, architect, sociology, philosophy, film, communication and so on. Though it is said that postmodern is not sequel of modern, yet we cannot ignore the concepts of modern while discussing postmodern. In literature the features regarded as postmodern often were applied and are being still applied in poetry. Bengali poetry does not strictly follow the features of European postmodern aspects. It contains its own stylistics devices in reflecting postmodern swing. Binayak Bandyapadhyay, a poet of the "Shunya Dashak" of Bengali poetry is very much experimental in his creative output. His anthology namely "Sambhabami", published from Signet Press is genuinely regarded as a postmodern discourse of the "Srimad Bhagvad Gita". In this article I intend to mark the postmodern ethos found in the said anthology of Binayak Bandyapadhyay.
This study aims to investigate the linguistic features and strategies used by Donald Trump in his... more This study aims to investigate the linguistic features and strategies used by Donald Trump in his verbal attacks during his presidential campaign. The study aims to investigate the quotes, either directly or indirectly. The objective is to determine the persuasive level of verbal abuse as a rhetorical device in contemporary political discourse. A comprehensive linguistic analysis of his speeches during his campaign trail is used to examine the effect of verbal attacks on the delivery of his campaign speech in the presidential campaign and how this kind of political action affects the field of politics or politicians, which remains the main area of interest.
It can be challenging to consider and discuss the often unsaid ethical aspect of teaching. From a... more It can be challenging to consider and discuss the often unsaid ethical aspect of teaching. From a professional standpoint, the caliber and standing of the teaching profession depend on professional ethics and a shared body of knowledge. The impetus for this descriptive phenomenological study stemmed from the need to understand how teachers perceive their own professional ethics and how they manifest in their instruction. We interviewed thirty-six Iraqi teachers who work with students ages one to sixteen to formulate the essence of the phenomenon. The findings demonstrate that teaching pupils right from wrong is the primary ethical duty of educators. A secure learning environment, relationships with and among the pupils, and guidance are all interdependent. The surrounding society impacts the pupil's supervision and opportunities for cooperation with guardians and coworkers.
The current research investigates teachers roles and question techniques in the EFL classroom. Th... more The current research investigates teachers roles and question techniques in the EFL classroom. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether a relationship exists between the roles of teachers and question techniques in EFL classrooms at AL-Iraqia University, and to determine whether there is a difference in the roles of male and female teachers. This research employs a questionnaire as its tool. The population of the present study covers EFL teachers (male and female) who teach English language in the college of media at Al-Iraqia University for the academic year 2023/2024. The research restricts its sample to EFL teachers, both male and female, who instruct undergraduate students. The results obtained in this research indicate that there is a significant relationship between teachers' roles and question techniques in EFL classrooms at Al-Iraqia University, and there is no substantial relationship between teachers' roles (male and female).
Education highly enables the individual to get better job opportunities, which leads to personal ... more Education highly enables the individual to get better job opportunities, which leads to personal development, social development, and economic stability (UNESCO, 2021). Education equips the individual with skills to sustain their career, business, and financial life. Higher educational attainment often tends to be associated with higher wages in the workforce (Hanushek & Woessmann, 2020). In addition, education improves quality of life, social empowerment, and economic stability at the national level (World Bank, 2018). Individuals with a good educational background are more likely to make better decisions in planning for their families, managing finances, and achieving economic independence (OECD, 2019). Education is not just about income; it also develops personal growth, financial security, and social development (Psacharopoulos & Patrinos, 2018). It is a trigger for skill building, social status, and quality of life. Poverty, inequality, injustice, unemployment, child marriage, and discrimination can be discouraged through education (UNDP, 2019).
In Shakespeare's King Lear, the protagonist's journey from powerful monarch to vulnerable beggar ... more In Shakespeare's King Lear, the protagonist's journey from powerful monarch to vulnerable beggar serves as a profound exploration of identity and transformation. This paper examines Lear's metamorphosis, focusing on how his shifting sense of self reflects broader themes of authority, vulnerability, and human frailty. At the outset, Lear defines his identity through his royal power and relationship with his daughters, but his misguided decisions lead to his downfall, initiating a process of personal and psychological unraveling. The Fool and Lear's madness serve as pivotal moments, forcing him to confront the discrepancy between self-deception and self-awareness. Stripped of his kingdom and family, Lear's transformation into a beggar marks a profound shift in his understanding of identity. In the absence of external markers of power, Lear gains insight into his own humanity, recognizing the universality of suffering and the impermanence of authority. Ultimately, this paper argues that Lear's tragic transformation is not just a loss of status but an awakening to self-knowledge. His death, while tragic, represents the completion of his transformation, as he gains a deeper understanding of love, humility, and the fragility of human existence. Through this process, King Lear offers a poignant meditation on the nature of identity and its complex, often fragile, formation.
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