Papers by Hussen Mohammed
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in su... more INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We qualitatively evaluated the implementation of an Evidence-Based Multiple Focus Integrated Intensified TB Screening package (EXIT-TB) in the East African region, aimed at increasing TB case detection and number of patients receiving care. OBJECTIVE We present the accounts of participants from Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia regarding the implementation of EXIT-TB, and suggestions for scaling up. METHODS A qualitative descriptive design was used to gather insights from purposefully selected healthcare workers, community health workers, and other stakeholders. A total of 27, 13, 14, and 19 in-depth interviews were conducted in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, and Ethiopia respectively. Data were transcribed and translated simultaneously and then thematically analysed. RESULTS The EXIT-TB project was described to contribute to increased TB case detection, improved detectio...
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2022
BackgroundIn most African countries where a legitimate vital registration system is lacking, phys... more BackgroundIn most African countries where a legitimate vital registration system is lacking, physicians often review verbal autopsy (VA) data to determine the cause of death, while there are concerns about the routine practicality, accuracy, and reliability of this procedure. In Ethiopia where the burden of tuberculosis (TB) remains unacceptably high, reliable VA data are needed to guide intervention strategies. This study aimed to validate the InterVA model against the physician VA in tracking TB-related mortality in Ethiopia.MethodsFrom a sample of deaths in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, VAs were conducted on TB-related mortality, physician-certified verbal autopsy (PCVA) through multiple steps to ascertain the causes of death. InterVA model was used to interpret the causes of death. Estimates of TB-related deaths between physician reviews and the InterVA model were compared using Cohen’s Kappa (k), Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, sensitivity, and specificity to co...
International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 2021
Background: One-third of tuberculosis (TB) cases are missed each year and delays in the diagnosis... more Background: One-third of tuberculosis (TB) cases are missed each year and delays in the diagnosis of TB are hampering the whole cascade of care. Early chest X-ray (CXR) in patients with cough irrespective of duration may reduce TB diagnostic and treatment delays and increase the number of TB patients put into TB care. We aimed to evaluate the impact of CXR on delay in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among people with cough of any duration. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected health facilities from two regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia. Patients who sought health care were screened for cough of any duration, and those with cough underwent CXR for PTB and their sputum specimens were tested for microbiological confirmation. Delays were followed up and calculated using median and inter-quartile range (IQR) to summarize (first onset of cough to first facility visit, ≥15 days), diagnosis delay (first facility visit to date of PTB diagnosis, >7 days), and total delay (first onset of cough to date of PTB diagnosis, >21 days). Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Witney tests were used to compare the delays among independent variables. Results: A total of 309 PTB cases were consecutively diagnosed of 1853 presumptive TB cases recruited in the study that were identified from 2647 people who reported cough of any duration. The median (IQR) of patient delay, diagnosis delay, and the total delay was 30 (16–44), 1 (0–3), and 31 (19–48) days, respectively. Patients' delay contributed a great role in the total delay, 201/209 (96.2%). Median diagnosis delay was higher among those that visited health center, diagnosed at a facility that had no Xpert mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/RIF assay, radiologist, or CXR (P < 0.05). Factors associated with patients delay were history of previous TB treatment (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63–0.99) and history of weight loss (aPR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.0–1.25). Early CXR screening for cough of <2 weeks duration significantly reduced the patients' delay and thus the total delay, but not diagnostic delay alone. Conclusion: Early screening using CXR minimized delays in the diagnosis of PTB among people with cough of any duration. Patients' delay was largest and contributed great role in the delay of TB cases. Screening by cough of any duration and/or CXR among people seeking healthcare along with ensuring the availability of Xpert MTB/RIF assay and skilled human power at primary healthcare facilities are important to reduce patient and diagnostic delays of PTB in Ethiopia.
Bismuth Hall effect sensors with active sizes in the range 0.1µm - 2µm have been fabricated by el... more Bismuth Hall effect sensors with active sizes in the range 0.1µm - 2µm have been fabricated by electron beam lithography and lift-off techniques for applications in scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM). The key figures of merit of the sensors have been systematically characterised as a function of device size. The miniumum detectable field of 100nm probes at room temperature is found to be Bmin=0.9mT/Hz0.5, with scope for more than a factor of ten reduction by using higher Hall probe currents. This is significantly lower than in similar samples fabricated by focussed ion beam (FIB) milling of continuous Bi films, suggesting that the elimination of FIB damage and Ga+ ion incorporation through the use of lift-off techniques leads to superior figures of merit. A number of ways in which the T=300K performance of our sensors could be improved still futher are discussed. High resolution scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) with semiconductor 2DEG Hall probe devices has been used to sear...
Datasets underpinning the 6 Figures for "Tuning the structure of the Josephson vortex lattic... more Datasets underpinning the 6 Figures for "Tuning the structure of the Josephson vortex lattice in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ single crystals with pancake vortices" in Scientific Reports. The primary data files are scanning Hall microscopy (SHM) images of pancake vortices catured at a temperature of 85K. Also included are graphs of vortex chain spacing and the estimated effective anisotropy extracted from the SHM images as a function of applied magnetic field. Simulation results for the vortex chain spacing as a function of applied magnetic field arising from the model described in the Supporting Materials are also included.
Frontiers in Public Health, 2021
Background: There is a global concern that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cannot be addresse... more Background: There is a global concern that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cannot be addressed without the integration and active engagement of communities. We aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of the residents in Eastern Ethiopia toward COVID-19.Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on May 1–30, 2020 among the residents of Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices toward COVID-19. We used random sampling to select the participants. Data was entered into the statistics and data (STATA) version for data cleaning and analysis. Binary logistic regression models with 95% CI were used to conduct bivariable [crude odds ratio (COR)] and multivariable [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)] analyses.Result: A total of 415 community residents responded to the questionnaire. Of those participants, 52.5% (95% CI 47.7–57) had adequate knowledge...
Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, 2020
Asian Journal of Medical Research, 2019
Asian Journal of Medical Research, 2019
Bioorganic chemistry, Jun 26, 2016
Twenty derivatives of 5-aryl-2-(6'-nitrobenzofuran-2'-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (1-20) were s... more Twenty derivatives of 5-aryl-2-(6'-nitrobenzofuran-2'-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (1-20) were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compounds containing hydroxyl and halogens (1-6, and 8-18) were found to be five to seventy folds more active with IC50 values in the range of 12.75±0.10-162.05±1.65μM, in comparison with the standard drug, acarbose (IC50=856.45±5.60μM). Current study explores the α-glucosidase inhibition of a hybrid class of compounds of oxadiazole and benzofurans. These findings may invite researchers to work in the area of treatment of hyperglycemia. Docking studies showed that most compounds are interacting with important amino acids Glu 276, Asp 214 and Phe 177 through hydrogen bonds and arene-arene interaction.
Qatar Medical Journal, 2005
The study involved 196 participants, 83 (42.3%) of which were consultants and 113 (57.7%) were Ge... more The study involved 196 participants, 83 (42.3%) of which were consultants and 113 (57.7%) were General Practitioners (GP's). Background: The way that GP's and hospital consultants or specialists interact has important implications for any health care system in which a GP is the first contact health professional person for patients and the point of access to relatively scarce and expensive hospital services, for this reason, the relationship between the two main branches of the medical profession has received a considerable amount of interest. Objectives: To test out some professional issues on a random sample of both parties to determine their ability to work together productively. Methods: We conducted a lickert-style survey based upon statements made in qualitative questionnaire sent to GP's and specialists working at Hamad Medical Corporation and health centers in state of Qatar. The questionnaire was modified and validated during a multistage pilot and was distribute...
Science, Technology and Arts Research Journal, 2013
British Microbiology Research Journal, 2014
Aim: Childhood diarrheal diseases are common clinical episodes seen among children under 5 years ... more Aim: Childhood diarrheal diseases are common clinical episodes seen among children under 5 years old in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Epidemiological information of enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea will provides clinical information to alliterate and enhance effective therapy management in our hospital. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrheal cases. Place and Duration: The study was carried out in Federal Medical Centre, Nguru, over one year period from January to December, 2010. Methodology: Fecal specimens were collected from patients presented with childhood diarrheal symptoms seen at the tertiary hospital at Nguru, Nigeria over the study period. Standard microbiological methods were employed in the enteropathogens detection. A total of 144 diarrheic fecal specimens were examined for existence of enteropathogens. The Original Research Article British Microbiology Research Journal, 4(5): 583-591, 2014 584 breakdowns of associated clinical diagnosis are as follows, gastroenteritis, 14 (9.7%), diarrhea, 80 (55.6%), dysentery, 31 (21.5%) and mucoid/bloody stool, 19 (13.2%). Results: Of the 144 specimens analysed, enteropathogens were found in 89 (61.8%), 41 (46.1%) parasites and 48 (53.9%) bacterial cases respectively. Only two bacterial groups were identified, 43 (29.9%) were Escherichia coli and 5 (3.5%) belonged to Shigella spp. Among the parasites, Enteamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent (31 isolates, 21.5%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides with 7 isolates (4.9%), Taenia saginata with 2 isolates (1.4%) and Hookworm with only 1 isolate (0.4%). Statistical significant difference was observed when the isolation frequency of enteropathogens was compared with the agegroup and associated clinical diagnosis of the patients (p<0.02). Co-infections were observed in 16 (12.2%) cases, including 10 (62.5%) cases of E. coli / E. histolytica and one case (6.3%) of A. lumbricoides and Shigella spp. Conclusion: The frequency of enteropathogens detected in this study was similar with those reported in other studies. In addition, it provides the epidemiological information on enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in the studied region and serves as a guide to pediatricians towards empirical therapy.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEEARCH, 2012
East African Journal of Sciences, 2008
Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2018
Back ground: Mothers and their newborns are vulnerable to illnesses and deaths during the postnat... more Back ground: Mothers and their newborns are vulnerable to illnesses and deaths during the postnatal period. More than half a million women each year die of causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. The majority of deaths occur in less developed countries. Utilization of postnatal care (PNC) service in Ethiopia is low due to various factors. These problems significantly hold back the goal of decreasing maternal and child mortality a descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Fiche town from a total of 431 women who had delivered in previous one year was participated in the study. Study populations were selected from different age group from (15-45) using simple random sampling technique. Out of 431 mothers 330(77%) heard about PNC but the rest 101(23%) mothers did not heard about it. From the total mothers who heard about PNC 36% heard from health extension workers during home to home visit while, 6% heard from friends. Among the Total respondent 321 (74.5%) of them went ...
Uploads
Papers by Hussen Mohammed