This work is a trial to elucidate the effect of liquorice root extract (G.glabra) on the course o... more This work is a trial to elucidate the effect of liquorice root extract (G.glabra) on the course of c schistosomiasis mansoni. Sixty Swiss Albino mice were used in th groups. Group1chronically infected for 16 weeks. Group 2 G. glabra (1st week post infection) and praziquantel (PZQ) (6th week post infection). glabra starting from the1st till the16th week P I. consecutive days. Group 5normal un infected non treated mice. Group 6 for 16 weeks. All groups were sacrificed 16 weeks P I. Histopathological studies of the liver were done for granuloma measurments. Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and transforming Growth Factor Beta One (TGFb1) were calculated. Mic complete eradication of worms 16 weeks post infection (P. I), with vanishing of both mature and immature ova in the oogram, and minimal hepatic granuloma diameter. Again, G glabra given with praziquantel (PZQ) norma the level of both serum liver enzymes, (ALT) and (AST), and (TGF significantly c...
Cryptosporidiosis is known to trigger neoplastic combined vitamin B17 (a newly introduced antican... more Cryptosporidiosis is known to trigger neoplastic combined vitamin B17 (a newly introduced anticancer agent), and some elements such as vitamin B12, Zinc or Selenium, was tested in immunosuppressed whether the addition of either of these three elements solely to vitamin B17, could alleviate, or even hinder its deleterious effects in experimental models or not. A group of sixty (60) albino mice was used in the experiment. This group was further subdivided into ten subgroups. Subgroup1 Cryptosporidium oocysts four times per week for one month) Subgroup 2 with vitamin B17 (100 mg/kg b wt) 3weeks post infection, 3 times a week for 5 successive weeks. Subgroup 3: immunosuppressed infected mice. Subgroup 4 mg/kg) 2 weeks post infection, 3 times a week for 5 successive weeks. Subgroup 5 mice treated with vitamin B17 (100 mg/kg) simultaneously with the infection 3 times a week for 5 successive weeks. Subgroup 6: immunosuppressed infected mice treated wi prophylactic dose, 3 times a week for ...
Free-living amoebae (FLAs) are pathogenic and opportunistic unicellular, aerobic and eukaryotic p... more Free-living amoebae (FLAs) are pathogenic and opportunistic unicellular, aerobic and eukaryotic protists protozoa that exist in environments such as soil, air and water [1-4], where they play a role as predators of bacteria, algae, viruses and fungi [5]. They have been isolated from process water systems such as cooling towers, hospital water networks and drinking water and wastewater plants [6-8]. The main genera found in water are Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba spp., Balamuthia spp., Naegleria spp. and Vahlkampfia spp. They are known to be pathogenic to humans [1, 6, 9]. Acanthamoeba species are the causative agent of amoebic keratitis (AK) [10-11], and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) [12], while Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris have been associated with amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and GAE, respectively [1, 11].
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010
The detection of Fasciola antigen in serum or stool could be more valuable in diagnosis, hence ea... more The detection of Fasciola antigen in serum or stool could be more valuable in diagnosis, hence early treatment before irreparable damage. In this study, fresh adult Fasciola gigantica worms were collected, then incubation in culture medium and collected medium was used to extract crude excretory-secretory (E/S) antigen. E/S was used to immunize rabbits to raise specific antibodies against Fasciola spp. Purified antibodies are further used as primary capture to coat ELISA plates. The secondary capture of antibodies was by conjugation with horse reddish peroxidase. Sandwich ELISA and DOT-ELISA were performed to detect Fasciola antigens in both serum and stool samples collected from a total of 152 sheep. After slaughtering, gross inspection of liver and parasitological stool examination, sheep were divided into Fasciola positive group (97 sheep), other helminthic infection group (30 sheep) and healthy control group (30 sheep). Fasciola antigen detected in serum of sheep by ELISA showed 94.8 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity. Copro-antigen detected by ELISA showed 96.9% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of coproantigen by ELISA in stool sample were higher than that recorded by Sandwich ELISA for serum. Dot ELISA sensitivity was found to be 98.9% and specificity 98.3%. In conclusion the Dot ELISA gives better sensitivity and specificity than sandwich ELISA for serum and coproantigen in stool by ELISA.
treated with Ivermectin (IVC), GVI: infected and treated with Artemether (ART). Parasitological, ... more treated with Ivermectin (IVC), GVI: infected and treated with Artemether (ART). Parasitological, histopathological, and chemical examinations were done to evaluate the effect of NTZ, IVC, and ART against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic mice. Parasitological examination revealed maximum reduction of oocyst shedding in GVI, while histopathological examination showed the least pathologic changes in GV with mild vascular wall fibrosis and moderate lymphocytic infiltration of islets of Langerhans. Measurement of blood glucose level showed the best results with GIV. Nitazoxanide is effective against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic patients with minimal hyperglycemia, Artemether is especially effective in reducing the oocyst shedding in stool, whereas Ivermectin is associated with the least pathological changes in pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP, 2018
Background Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important cosmopolitan life-threatening diseases in i... more Background Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important cosmopolitan life-threatening diseases in immune-compromised patients. It is caused by an intracellular protozoon: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The parasite can cause pneumonia, encephalitis or disseminated disease in immune-deficient patients and dangerous congenital anomalies in infants born to mothers infected during early pregnancies. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Egyptian cancer patients and to correlate the prevalence with type of malignancy and the different cancer treatment modalities. Materials and Methods Blood samples from 150 cancer patients and 50 control subjects have been examined for presence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies using a lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay. Results Among cancer patients included in this study, the prevalence of anti- T.gondii antibodies was 20% for IgG and 4% for IgM, while in the control group it was 8% and 2% in the same order. This differe...
Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a coccidian protozoon mammalian intestinal tract. It is con... more Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a coccidian protozoon mammalian intestinal tract. It is considered to be the most important waterborne countries. Infection causes drastic and retractable diarrhoea resists all levels of chlorination ever-known. lauric acid (monolaurin or coconut), and used in the experiment. Animals were infected treated with ginger. Group 3: in infected treated with Nitazoxanide antiparasitic drug Drugs were given for seven consecutive oocysts count. In addition, histopathological examination duodenal contents were examined for oocysts count. following treatment. The highest percentage of reduction was noticed in the followed by Lauric acid (92.5%), followed by group (72.3%). Histopathological examination revealed complete healin treatment, while partial healing of the lining treatment. In conclusion, this study showed that concurrent therapy to the conventional anti treatment with Nitazoxanide followed by Lauric acid.
The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 2004
The relationship between epidemiology of S. mansoni infection and snail distribution at a village... more The relationship between epidemiology of S. mansoni infection and snail distribution at a village, related to Guiza Governorate and lies south to Cairo, was investigated. A systematic random sample of houses was selected. All inhabitants of the houses were invited to share in the study. The Number examined was 704. Urine and stools were examined using Nucleopore filtration and standard Kato-Katz techniques, respectively. Snail collection was done from 35 sites along the water bodies related to the village. Snails collected were examined by cercariae shedding under light. Snail differentiation was done. The results showed that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni human infection was 25.1 % and GMEC was 2.4 +/- 5.5. Schistosoma haematobium infection was zero percent. Biomphlaria alexandrina snail infection rate was 3.7% with density equal 0.5 +/- 1.3. Bulinus truncatus snail infection rate was zero percent. The pattern of S. mansoni human infection was closely related to snail distri...
Background: Although targeted chemotherapy and other public health measures are employed to contr... more Background: Although targeted chemotherapy and other public health measures are employed to control schistosomiasis and its spread, there is a need for vaccine development and/or new anti-schistosomal drugs. Objective: The study was designed to assess the potentiality of prepared immunoglobulins (anti-cercarial secretory antigen) in recognizing antigenic epitopes in different life cycle stages of S. mansoni, as well as detecting this cercarial secretory antigen in tissues and blood cells collected from S. mansoni- infected mice. Materials and Methods: Antigen prepared from S. mansoni cercarial secretions was used to immunize rabbits for production of anti-cercarial antibody. Anti-cercarial antibody was purified, tested for reactivity against different concentrations of cercarial antigen, and serially standardized by sandwich ELISA. The life cycle stages of S. mansoni were prepared on slides for immunostaining. Representative specimens of liver, spleen and intestine removed from both...
Processing of the same stool samples was done using standard Kato-Katz (KK) technique with 41.7 m... more Processing of the same stool samples was done using standard Kato-Katz (KK) technique with 41.7 mg of stools and one of the three modifications. These included KK technique using a higher concentration of glycerin (one and quarter, usual one) for preparation, or another stain (negrosin-eosin), with a specified formula, instead of the standard malachite green, or processing a smaller volume of stools (20mg). The results showed that, using cumulative infection rate from the two comparable tests as the reference, KK with higher concentration of glycerin was more sensitive than standard KK (sensitivities 77.6% and 61.2%. respectively). Using negrosin-eosin stain showed higher sensitivity (75.0%) in relation to standard KK technique (70.8%). Kato-Katz with higher concentration of glycerin showed the same sensitivity as KK with negrosin-eosin stain (85.7%) in relation to others. All comparisons showed statistically insignificant differences ((P>0.5). Using 20 mg of stools showed very l...
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2002
A coproprotozoal study was carried out on 63 patients suffering from malignancy. The majority had... more A coproprotozoal study was carried out on 63 patients suffering from malignancy. The majority had cancer of haemopoietic system. All patients were under chemotherapy and included: Group A (33 children) and Group B (30 adults) of whom 20 immunocompetent diarrhoeic patients of matched age and sex were considered as controls. Stool samples were examined by merthiolate iodine-formaldehyde concentration technique (MIF). Modified Zeihl-Neelsen (ZN) stain was performed for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Detection of Cryptosporidium coproantigen by enzyme-linked immunoassay test (Ridascreen test), was used. Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgE & IgA), C3, C4 and CD4:CD8 ratio, were measured. According to their levels 25 out of 63 patients had both humoral and cellular immunodeficiency. The incidence of Cryptosporidium in cancer patients was 23.8%, while it was 37.7% and 91% in children and adults immunodeficient patients, respectively. ZN stain was able in diagnosed Cryptosporidium in 13 out of 35 immu...
Infection with cryptosporidium produces mild and self prolonged, life-threatening cholera-like il... more Infection with cryptosporidium produces mild and self prolonged, life-threatening cholera-like illness in immunocompromised patients and underweight children .On the other hand, cells are protected from the anti-oxidant enzymes and the level of these anti the host. This study was done to assess the effect of administrat combination with nitazoxanide (nitazode) in experimental cryptosporidiosis. Lab bred albino mice were divided into 4 groups; infected control (gr I), infected IV, infected and treated with combination of Antox and The number of cryptosporidium oocysts was counted in small intestinal contents after scraping &staining with modified ZN stain. Phagocytosis index was examined in duodenal section. After animal sacrifice, ileal intestinal region was subjected to transmission electron microscopic examination. Treatment with Nitazode (gr III) resulted in significant reduction in the number of oocysts one week (52.2%) &two weeks (84.1%) post treatment. The combination regimen ...
Background: Waterborne protozoal infections are common health problems in many parts of the world... more Background: Waterborne protozoal infections are common health problems in many parts of the world especially in developing countries. Water is a major vehicle for transmission of protozoa such as G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. as well as pathogenic and opportunistic free living amoeba (FLA). Objective: This study aims to detect the presence of protozoal agents in tap water and storage water tanks at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Material and Methods: A total of ninety five water samples were collected from different water sources, taps (65) and tanks (30), from 6 Fayoum districts. The samples were processed to detect the presence of G. lamblia cysts by Lugol's iodine stain, Cryptosporidium oocysts by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and FLA by cultivation. After cultivation, Acanthamoeba spp. were identified according to their morphological features and flagellation test was performed to detect amoeboflagellates. Results: All water samples collected from tanks (100%) were contaminated by protozoa of medical importance, while only 6 (9.2%) of the tap water samples were pathogen free. The majority of water samples were contaminated with mixed protozoal infections. The overall detection rates of contaminants in water sources were 86.3%, 52.6%, 13.7% by FLA, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. lamblia, respectively. Conclusions: The recorded detection rates of waterborne protozoa present a hazard to the community resulting in silent morbidities and mortalities. It is strongly recommended to adopt proper water safety measures.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, May 1, 2007
The dipstick testing, microscopic examination of urine and urine cytology were performed for inha... more The dipstick testing, microscopic examination of urine and urine cytology were performed for inhabitants from two rural villages (El Shobak El Sharki, V.1 & El Katta, V.2) in Giza G. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Schistosoma haematobium antigen were done by immuno-histochemical stain to confirm diagnosis. Also, they were subjected to medical questionnaire, clinical examination, ultra-sonography of kidneys and urinary tract. The results showed that V.2 had higher percentage of haematuria, proteinuria, glucosuria and lower urinary tract infection than V.1. Crystaluria was higher in V.1. Sensitivity of dipstick testing compared to microscopic examination was 26.6%, & specificity was 78.7%. Lower urinary tract infection cytologically detected was 44.2% sensitivity & 62.5% specificity compared to pyuria detected by microscopic examination of urine. Among those suffering variable urinary abnormalities, schistosome antigen was not detected in any fixed urine samples in comparison to corresponding confirmed positive controls. Urine cytology detected urinary tract infection, crystaluria, dysplasia and atypia, squamous metaplasia and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). PCNA positivity was found in TCC (100%), dysplasia (50%) and squamous metaplasia (28.6%). So, microscopic examination of urine proved valuable for tract abnormalities as pyuria, haematuria and crystaluria. Also, urine cytology is a must for malignancy of urinary tract especially in adult males.
Background Giardia lamblia trophozoites colonize in the upper small intestine resulting in diarrh... more Background Giardia lamblia trophozoites colonize in the upper small intestine resulting in diarrhea and various clinical manifestations, including abdominal pain, anorexia, and signs of malabsorption. A decrease in the level of trace elements might occur because of this absorption deficiency resulting from giardiasis. Experimentally, the excretory secretory product of G. lamblia trophozoites increased the level of reactive oxygen species in mice enterocytes. The levels of bilirubin, uric acid, and albumin are often used as major nonenzymatic oxidative biomarkers. Objective This study was designed to determine the effect of therapy by metronidazole (MTZ) and artemether (ART) on trophozoite and cyst forms in experimentally Giardia spp.-infected hamsters and to reveal the changes in iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) serum levels pretreatment and post-treatment. Another objective was to evaluate the impact of this therapy on serum levels of bilirubin, uric acid, and albumin as nonenzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers. Materials and methods Hamsters were divided into four groups: the control group I included two subgroups, Ia (noninfected, nontreated) and Ib (infected, nontreated); group II (infected and treated with MTZ); group III (infected and treated with ART); and group IV (infected and treated with combined therapy of MTZ+ART). Hamsters of all four groups were killed 5 weeks postinfection (PI) - that is, 2 weeks after treatment - to evaluate drug efficacy. Stool samples and duodenal contents were examined to count the number of G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites, respectively. Blood samples were also collected to estimate trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Cr) as well as nonenzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers (bilirubin, uric acid, and albumin). Results There was a significant reduction in trophozoite and cyst counts following treatment with ART alone (88 and 82.5%, respectively) as compared with the infected control group Ib. Treatment with MTZ alone and in combination with ART also yielded a very high percentage of reduction in both trophozoites (94.2 and 98.3%, respectively) and cysts counts (93.9 and 95.5%, respectively). The trace elements in serum of infected controls (Ib) displayed nonsignificant decrease in Fe and significant decrease in Mn levels as compared with their levels in noninfected hamsters of group Ia. Cu levels increased in the infected group and were still increased after treatment with either MTZ or ART but decreased to normal with the combined therapy. Cr levels showed no significant change in all groups. Uric acid increased in infected controls as compared with normal controls. Treatment with MTZ or ART alone decreased uric acid levels lower than normal, and the combination of both drugs normalized its levels. Evaluation of serum bilirubin levels in the infected group and in those treated by MTZ and ART alone did not show any statistically significant differences compared with the normal noninfected group. Treatment with the combined therapy yielded even slightly lower insignificant level. Albumin level also did not differ significantly except in the combined regimen where it was lower than the normal range. Conclusion The effect of giardiasis on the changes in the level of trace elements and nonenzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers is relevant in this study. The combined therapy produced significant parasite eradication and normalized the studied parameters with the exception of Mn and albumin levels, which were adversely affected and remained lower than normal. Further studies are needed to evaluate these data in undernourished and chronically infected hamsters.
The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This ... more The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too fast or in an uncontrolled way. body, where it attaches (binds) directly to DNA. chemicals, radiation, or ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight, this protein plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. By stopping cells with mutated or damaged DNA from dividin prevent the development of tumors. Because p53 is essential for regulating cell division and preventing tumor formation, it has been nicknamed the "guardian of the genome." antimalarial Mefloquine on the immature stages of schistosomiasis mansoni. It is also a way to prove that, inspite of this ...
This work is a trial to elucidate the effect of liquorice root extract (G.glabra) on the course o... more This work is a trial to elucidate the effect of liquorice root extract (G.glabra) on the course of c schistosomiasis mansoni. Sixty Swiss Albino mice were used in th groups. Group1chronically infected for 16 weeks. Group 2 G. glabra (1st week post infection) and praziquantel (PZQ) (6th week post infection). glabra starting from the1st till the16th week P I. consecutive days. Group 5normal un infected non treated mice. Group 6 for 16 weeks. All groups were sacrificed 16 weeks P I. Histopathological studies of the liver were done for granuloma measurments. Serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and transforming Growth Factor Beta One (TGFb1) were calculated. Mic complete eradication of worms 16 weeks post infection (P. I), with vanishing of both mature and immature ova in the oogram, and minimal hepatic granuloma diameter. Again, G glabra given with praziquantel (PZQ) norma the level of both serum liver enzymes, (ALT) and (AST), and (TGF significantly c...
Cryptosporidiosis is known to trigger neoplastic combined vitamin B17 (a newly introduced antican... more Cryptosporidiosis is known to trigger neoplastic combined vitamin B17 (a newly introduced anticancer agent), and some elements such as vitamin B12, Zinc or Selenium, was tested in immunosuppressed whether the addition of either of these three elements solely to vitamin B17, could alleviate, or even hinder its deleterious effects in experimental models or not. A group of sixty (60) albino mice was used in the experiment. This group was further subdivided into ten subgroups. Subgroup1 Cryptosporidium oocysts four times per week for one month) Subgroup 2 with vitamin B17 (100 mg/kg b wt) 3weeks post infection, 3 times a week for 5 successive weeks. Subgroup 3: immunosuppressed infected mice. Subgroup 4 mg/kg) 2 weeks post infection, 3 times a week for 5 successive weeks. Subgroup 5 mice treated with vitamin B17 (100 mg/kg) simultaneously with the infection 3 times a week for 5 successive weeks. Subgroup 6: immunosuppressed infected mice treated wi prophylactic dose, 3 times a week for ...
Free-living amoebae (FLAs) are pathogenic and opportunistic unicellular, aerobic and eukaryotic p... more Free-living amoebae (FLAs) are pathogenic and opportunistic unicellular, aerobic and eukaryotic protists protozoa that exist in environments such as soil, air and water [1-4], where they play a role as predators of bacteria, algae, viruses and fungi [5]. They have been isolated from process water systems such as cooling towers, hospital water networks and drinking water and wastewater plants [6-8]. The main genera found in water are Acanthamoeba spp., Vermamoeba spp., Balamuthia spp., Naegleria spp. and Vahlkampfia spp. They are known to be pathogenic to humans [1, 6, 9]. Acanthamoeba species are the causative agent of amoebic keratitis (AK) [10-11], and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) [12], while Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris have been associated with amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) and GAE, respectively [1, 11].
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2010
The detection of Fasciola antigen in serum or stool could be more valuable in diagnosis, hence ea... more The detection of Fasciola antigen in serum or stool could be more valuable in diagnosis, hence early treatment before irreparable damage. In this study, fresh adult Fasciola gigantica worms were collected, then incubation in culture medium and collected medium was used to extract crude excretory-secretory (E/S) antigen. E/S was used to immunize rabbits to raise specific antibodies against Fasciola spp. Purified antibodies are further used as primary capture to coat ELISA plates. The secondary capture of antibodies was by conjugation with horse reddish peroxidase. Sandwich ELISA and DOT-ELISA were performed to detect Fasciola antigens in both serum and stool samples collected from a total of 152 sheep. After slaughtering, gross inspection of liver and parasitological stool examination, sheep were divided into Fasciola positive group (97 sheep), other helminthic infection group (30 sheep) and healthy control group (30 sheep). Fasciola antigen detected in serum of sheep by ELISA showed 94.8 % sensitivity and 95 % specificity. Copro-antigen detected by ELISA showed 96.9% sensitivity and 96.7% specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of coproantigen by ELISA in stool sample were higher than that recorded by Sandwich ELISA for serum. Dot ELISA sensitivity was found to be 98.9% and specificity 98.3%. In conclusion the Dot ELISA gives better sensitivity and specificity than sandwich ELISA for serum and coproantigen in stool by ELISA.
treated with Ivermectin (IVC), GVI: infected and treated with Artemether (ART). Parasitological, ... more treated with Ivermectin (IVC), GVI: infected and treated with Artemether (ART). Parasitological, histopathological, and chemical examinations were done to evaluate the effect of NTZ, IVC, and ART against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic mice. Parasitological examination revealed maximum reduction of oocyst shedding in GVI, while histopathological examination showed the least pathologic changes in GV with mild vascular wall fibrosis and moderate lymphocytic infiltration of islets of Langerhans. Measurement of blood glucose level showed the best results with GIV. Nitazoxanide is effective against cryptosporidiosis in diabetic patients with minimal hyperglycemia, Artemether is especially effective in reducing the oocyst shedding in stool, whereas Ivermectin is associated with the least pathological changes in pancreatic islets of Langerhans.
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP, 2018
Background Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important cosmopolitan life-threatening diseases in i... more Background Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important cosmopolitan life-threatening diseases in immune-compromised patients. It is caused by an intracellular protozoon: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The parasite can cause pneumonia, encephalitis or disseminated disease in immune-deficient patients and dangerous congenital anomalies in infants born to mothers infected during early pregnancies. The present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in Egyptian cancer patients and to correlate the prevalence with type of malignancy and the different cancer treatment modalities. Materials and Methods Blood samples from 150 cancer patients and 50 control subjects have been examined for presence of anti-toxoplasma antibodies using a lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay. Results Among cancer patients included in this study, the prevalence of anti- T.gondii antibodies was 20% for IgG and 4% for IgM, while in the control group it was 8% and 2% in the same order. This differe...
Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a coccidian protozoon mammalian intestinal tract. It is con... more Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a coccidian protozoon mammalian intestinal tract. It is considered to be the most important waterborne countries. Infection causes drastic and retractable diarrhoea resists all levels of chlorination ever-known. lauric acid (monolaurin or coconut), and used in the experiment. Animals were infected treated with ginger. Group 3: in infected treated with Nitazoxanide antiparasitic drug Drugs were given for seven consecutive oocysts count. In addition, histopathological examination duodenal contents were examined for oocysts count. following treatment. The highest percentage of reduction was noticed in the followed by Lauric acid (92.5%), followed by group (72.3%). Histopathological examination revealed complete healin treatment, while partial healing of the lining treatment. In conclusion, this study showed that concurrent therapy to the conventional anti treatment with Nitazoxanide followed by Lauric acid.
The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 2004
The relationship between epidemiology of S. mansoni infection and snail distribution at a village... more The relationship between epidemiology of S. mansoni infection and snail distribution at a village, related to Guiza Governorate and lies south to Cairo, was investigated. A systematic random sample of houses was selected. All inhabitants of the houses were invited to share in the study. The Number examined was 704. Urine and stools were examined using Nucleopore filtration and standard Kato-Katz techniques, respectively. Snail collection was done from 35 sites along the water bodies related to the village. Snails collected were examined by cercariae shedding under light. Snail differentiation was done. The results showed that the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni human infection was 25.1 % and GMEC was 2.4 +/- 5.5. Schistosoma haematobium infection was zero percent. Biomphlaria alexandrina snail infection rate was 3.7% with density equal 0.5 +/- 1.3. Bulinus truncatus snail infection rate was zero percent. The pattern of S. mansoni human infection was closely related to snail distri...
Background: Although targeted chemotherapy and other public health measures are employed to contr... more Background: Although targeted chemotherapy and other public health measures are employed to control schistosomiasis and its spread, there is a need for vaccine development and/or new anti-schistosomal drugs. Objective: The study was designed to assess the potentiality of prepared immunoglobulins (anti-cercarial secretory antigen) in recognizing antigenic epitopes in different life cycle stages of S. mansoni, as well as detecting this cercarial secretory antigen in tissues and blood cells collected from S. mansoni- infected mice. Materials and Methods: Antigen prepared from S. mansoni cercarial secretions was used to immunize rabbits for production of anti-cercarial antibody. Anti-cercarial antibody was purified, tested for reactivity against different concentrations of cercarial antigen, and serially standardized by sandwich ELISA. The life cycle stages of S. mansoni were prepared on slides for immunostaining. Representative specimens of liver, spleen and intestine removed from both...
Processing of the same stool samples was done using standard Kato-Katz (KK) technique with 41.7 m... more Processing of the same stool samples was done using standard Kato-Katz (KK) technique with 41.7 mg of stools and one of the three modifications. These included KK technique using a higher concentration of glycerin (one and quarter, usual one) for preparation, or another stain (negrosin-eosin), with a specified formula, instead of the standard malachite green, or processing a smaller volume of stools (20mg). The results showed that, using cumulative infection rate from the two comparable tests as the reference, KK with higher concentration of glycerin was more sensitive than standard KK (sensitivities 77.6% and 61.2%. respectively). Using negrosin-eosin stain showed higher sensitivity (75.0%) in relation to standard KK technique (70.8%). Kato-Katz with higher concentration of glycerin showed the same sensitivity as KK with negrosin-eosin stain (85.7%) in relation to others. All comparisons showed statistically insignificant differences ((P>0.5). Using 20 mg of stools showed very l...
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 2002
A coproprotozoal study was carried out on 63 patients suffering from malignancy. The majority had... more A coproprotozoal study was carried out on 63 patients suffering from malignancy. The majority had cancer of haemopoietic system. All patients were under chemotherapy and included: Group A (33 children) and Group B (30 adults) of whom 20 immunocompetent diarrhoeic patients of matched age and sex were considered as controls. Stool samples were examined by merthiolate iodine-formaldehyde concentration technique (MIF). Modified Zeihl-Neelsen (ZN) stain was performed for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Detection of Cryptosporidium coproantigen by enzyme-linked immunoassay test (Ridascreen test), was used. Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgE & IgA), C3, C4 and CD4:CD8 ratio, were measured. According to their levels 25 out of 63 patients had both humoral and cellular immunodeficiency. The incidence of Cryptosporidium in cancer patients was 23.8%, while it was 37.7% and 91% in children and adults immunodeficient patients, respectively. ZN stain was able in diagnosed Cryptosporidium in 13 out of 35 immu...
Infection with cryptosporidium produces mild and self prolonged, life-threatening cholera-like il... more Infection with cryptosporidium produces mild and self prolonged, life-threatening cholera-like illness in immunocompromised patients and underweight children .On the other hand, cells are protected from the anti-oxidant enzymes and the level of these anti the host. This study was done to assess the effect of administrat combination with nitazoxanide (nitazode) in experimental cryptosporidiosis. Lab bred albino mice were divided into 4 groups; infected control (gr I), infected IV, infected and treated with combination of Antox and The number of cryptosporidium oocysts was counted in small intestinal contents after scraping &staining with modified ZN stain. Phagocytosis index was examined in duodenal section. After animal sacrifice, ileal intestinal region was subjected to transmission electron microscopic examination. Treatment with Nitazode (gr III) resulted in significant reduction in the number of oocysts one week (52.2%) &two weeks (84.1%) post treatment. The combination regimen ...
Background: Waterborne protozoal infections are common health problems in many parts of the world... more Background: Waterborne protozoal infections are common health problems in many parts of the world especially in developing countries. Water is a major vehicle for transmission of protozoa such as G. lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp. as well as pathogenic and opportunistic free living amoeba (FLA). Objective: This study aims to detect the presence of protozoal agents in tap water and storage water tanks at Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Material and Methods: A total of ninety five water samples were collected from different water sources, taps (65) and tanks (30), from 6 Fayoum districts. The samples were processed to detect the presence of G. lamblia cysts by Lugol's iodine stain, Cryptosporidium oocysts by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and FLA by cultivation. After cultivation, Acanthamoeba spp. were identified according to their morphological features and flagellation test was performed to detect amoeboflagellates. Results: All water samples collected from tanks (100%) were contaminated by protozoa of medical importance, while only 6 (9.2%) of the tap water samples were pathogen free. The majority of water samples were contaminated with mixed protozoal infections. The overall detection rates of contaminants in water sources were 86.3%, 52.6%, 13.7% by FLA, Cryptosporidium spp. and G. lamblia, respectively. Conclusions: The recorded detection rates of waterborne protozoa present a hazard to the community resulting in silent morbidities and mortalities. It is strongly recommended to adopt proper water safety measures.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, May 1, 2007
The dipstick testing, microscopic examination of urine and urine cytology were performed for inha... more The dipstick testing, microscopic examination of urine and urine cytology were performed for inhabitants from two rural villages (El Shobak El Sharki, V.1 & El Katta, V.2) in Giza G. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Schistosoma haematobium antigen were done by immuno-histochemical stain to confirm diagnosis. Also, they were subjected to medical questionnaire, clinical examination, ultra-sonography of kidneys and urinary tract. The results showed that V.2 had higher percentage of haematuria, proteinuria, glucosuria and lower urinary tract infection than V.1. Crystaluria was higher in V.1. Sensitivity of dipstick testing compared to microscopic examination was 26.6%, & specificity was 78.7%. Lower urinary tract infection cytologically detected was 44.2% sensitivity & 62.5% specificity compared to pyuria detected by microscopic examination of urine. Among those suffering variable urinary abnormalities, schistosome antigen was not detected in any fixed urine samples in comparison to corresponding confirmed positive controls. Urine cytology detected urinary tract infection, crystaluria, dysplasia and atypia, squamous metaplasia and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). PCNA positivity was found in TCC (100%), dysplasia (50%) and squamous metaplasia (28.6%). So, microscopic examination of urine proved valuable for tract abnormalities as pyuria, haematuria and crystaluria. Also, urine cytology is a must for malignancy of urinary tract especially in adult males.
Background Giardia lamblia trophozoites colonize in the upper small intestine resulting in diarrh... more Background Giardia lamblia trophozoites colonize in the upper small intestine resulting in diarrhea and various clinical manifestations, including abdominal pain, anorexia, and signs of malabsorption. A decrease in the level of trace elements might occur because of this absorption deficiency resulting from giardiasis. Experimentally, the excretory secretory product of G. lamblia trophozoites increased the level of reactive oxygen species in mice enterocytes. The levels of bilirubin, uric acid, and albumin are often used as major nonenzymatic oxidative biomarkers. Objective This study was designed to determine the effect of therapy by metronidazole (MTZ) and artemether (ART) on trophozoite and cyst forms in experimentally Giardia spp.-infected hamsters and to reveal the changes in iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and chromium (Cr) serum levels pretreatment and post-treatment. Another objective was to evaluate the impact of this therapy on serum levels of bilirubin, uric acid, and albumin as nonenzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers. Materials and methods Hamsters were divided into four groups: the control group I included two subgroups, Ia (noninfected, nontreated) and Ib (infected, nontreated); group II (infected and treated with MTZ); group III (infected and treated with ART); and group IV (infected and treated with combined therapy of MTZ+ART). Hamsters of all four groups were killed 5 weeks postinfection (PI) - that is, 2 weeks after treatment - to evaluate drug efficacy. Stool samples and duodenal contents were examined to count the number of G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites, respectively. Blood samples were also collected to estimate trace elements (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Cr) as well as nonenzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers (bilirubin, uric acid, and albumin). Results There was a significant reduction in trophozoite and cyst counts following treatment with ART alone (88 and 82.5%, respectively) as compared with the infected control group Ib. Treatment with MTZ alone and in combination with ART also yielded a very high percentage of reduction in both trophozoites (94.2 and 98.3%, respectively) and cysts counts (93.9 and 95.5%, respectively). The trace elements in serum of infected controls (Ib) displayed nonsignificant decrease in Fe and significant decrease in Mn levels as compared with their levels in noninfected hamsters of group Ia. Cu levels increased in the infected group and were still increased after treatment with either MTZ or ART but decreased to normal with the combined therapy. Cr levels showed no significant change in all groups. Uric acid increased in infected controls as compared with normal controls. Treatment with MTZ or ART alone decreased uric acid levels lower than normal, and the combination of both drugs normalized its levels. Evaluation of serum bilirubin levels in the infected group and in those treated by MTZ and ART alone did not show any statistically significant differences compared with the normal noninfected group. Treatment with the combined therapy yielded even slightly lower insignificant level. Albumin level also did not differ significantly except in the combined regimen where it was lower than the normal range. Conclusion The effect of giardiasis on the changes in the level of trace elements and nonenzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers is relevant in this study. The combined therapy produced significant parasite eradication and normalized the studied parameters with the exception of Mn and albumin levels, which were adversely affected and remained lower than normal. Further studies are needed to evaluate these data in undernourished and chronically infected hamsters.
The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This ... more The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This tumor suppressor, which means that it regulates cell division by keeping cells from growing and dividing (proliferating) too fast or in an uncontrolled way. body, where it attaches (binds) directly to DNA. chemicals, radiation, or ultraviolet (UV) rays from sunlight, this protein plays a critical role in determining whether the DNA will be repaired or the damaged cell will self activates other genes to fix the damage. If the DNA cannot be repaired, this protein prevents the cell from dividing and signals it to undergo apoptosis. By stopping cells with mutated or damaged DNA from dividin prevent the development of tumors. Because p53 is essential for regulating cell division and preventing tumor formation, it has been nicknamed the "guardian of the genome." antimalarial Mefloquine on the immature stages of schistosomiasis mansoni. It is also a way to prove that, inspite of this ...
Uploads
Papers by Hoda Sabry