Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Future smart antenna technology requires multielement, adaptive array antennas to be placed on ve... more Future smart antenna technology requires multielement, adaptive array antennas to be placed on very small cell phone units. Small adaptive array antennas require heavy signal processing if the statistical techniques are used to maximize radiation in the desired direction and to null the beam in the direction of interfering signals. In terms of weight, battery energy and computational memory and time required it is imperative to minimize computational time, memory required and weight of the hardware to be used for adaptive beamforming in smart antennas. In this paper is presented a three-element antenna that uses analytically solved weight computation. No statistical or number crunching techniques are used. Moreover, it is shown that the antenna elements behind which two signal processing units are placed are critical. The placement of the weight processing signal processing units is critical for obtaining simultaneous beam maximizing towards the desired direction and nulling towards...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are best solutions for numerous aspects of engineering applicatio... more Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are best solutions for numerous aspects of engineering applications such as monitoring, control and surveillance of electrical plant amongst others. Autonomously, sensors will communicate with each other, collaborate, share and forward information in a multi-hop fashion without any centralized controller. To gather relevant data, the route optimization mechanism is used to solve the long routing problem and provide the shortest path amongst communicating nodes. Thus, this shortest path criterion is not suitable for WSN as it may lead to power drainage of several nodes and may cause high signaling and processing costs due to the network reconstruction. This paper proposes an optimal route configuration technique based on an adaptive genetic algorithm in which the architecture of multi-hop wireless sensor network is considered as a distributed computing infrastructure. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm provides an optimal route confi...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Nowadays, there is a significant diminution in agricultural production due to the unpredictable c... more Nowadays, there is a significant diminution in agricultural production due to the unpredictable control of crop climate conditions. Thus, to alleviate the crops exposure from excess cold or heat and unwanted pests, an intelligent environment monitoring and control system based Arduino UNO board consisting of ATmega 328P microcontroller has been developed for a small-scale agriculture namely greenhouse. The system user can monitor and control the greenhouse climate conditions remotely via web interface/mobile applications and GSM in a real-time manner. To deliver the environmental conditions in a timely manner, low-cost wireless sensor network (WSN) is used to monitor the temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light of the greenhouse. The sensor network constitutes a multi-hop network structure for large coverage. The developed system is implemented and tested in laboratory conditions using Proteus toolkit. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tool is used to develop ne...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is a well-known threat to aerospace vehicles and microelectronic sy... more Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is a well-known threat to aerospace vehicles and microelectronic systems. This is especially so with the increased use of non-metallic, composite material for the aircraft body. Moreover, the severe lightning flashes to aircraft also commence with ESD on the aircraft body. The ESD results in the initiation of positive leaders that grow towards the thundercloud from one part of the aircraft. Moreover, a negative leader is launched towards the ground or another cloud. In this paper, we discuss the induced electric charges due to the vertical electric field component of the thundercloud charge center. Further, the electric currents induced on the surface of the aircraft body or equipment by the horizontal component of the thundercloud generated electric field is examined. From the electrostatic fields computed prior to the initiation of corona or the initial leader, we show that in addition to the most commonly identified part of the aircraft from which le...
The success of a modern power grid system is inevitably based on the integration of a smart data ... more The success of a modern power grid system is inevitably based on the integration of a smart data exchange amid several devices in power production, transportation, dispatching and loads. For large coverage data exchange, a distributed multi-hop mesh is structured from low voltage distribution boards to the substations. Thus, being cheap, less power intake, easy set-up and operating in a free licensed spectrum, ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 makes the most suitable wireless protocol for communicating in power grid systems. Nevertheless, IEEE802.15.4MAC protocol lacks a mechanism to enable a multi-hop mesh network with efficient energy and quality of service (QoS). Hence, in this paper, a Multi-Hop Mesh IEEE802.15.4MAC protocol is designed for a large coverage data exchange. This developed model provides a resilient network with energy efficiency and QoS. Hence, the IEEE802.15.4 super_frame standard_structure is modified by swapping the contention_free period (CFP) and contention_access period (...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016
This paper proposes an improved spectral efficiency in space communications using square root rai... more This paper proposes an improved spectral efficiency in space communications using square root raised cosine (SRRC) pulse-shaping technique. The proposal is necessitated by the global shortage of bandwidths confronting the wireless communication system. The major contribution of this technique is its ability to reduce the channel bandwidth and eliminate inter-symbol interference and spectral seepages with ease. This is achieved by tightly constraining wider channel bandwidths in a given frequency spectrum using SRRC pulse-shape filtering, thus eliciting more channels, higher data rates per channel and more users in the system. To authenticate the rationality of the proposed technique, MATLAB simulations are carried out under varying SRRC filter roll-off factors. The proposed technique is capable of achieving 43.76% channel bandwidth improvement, which is close to an ideal case of 50%. This is a great achievement in band-limited communication system. It is envisioned that this techniq...
2016 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2016
The quality and reliability of electric power supply are the key indicators for the comfort of a ... more The quality and reliability of electric power supply are the key indicators for the comfort of a society. Hence, to serve customers with high quality electricity, the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is being used in the distribution system (DS) for power monitoring and control. The SCADA is feed with operation data like current and voltage via Feeder_Remote Terminal_Units (FRTUs). The FRTUs are capable of triggering actions to detach the portion of DS experiencing an unusual condition. Nevertheless, the existing grids do not operate at their optimal capacity due to the usage of one way data communication installations. Thus, to optimize the operation of the legacy power distribution grids, the innovation of the state-of-the-art communication techniques play a vital role-leading to the creation of smart grid Systems. This paper reviews the development of wireless communication technologies envisioned as full-duplex information exchange medium in the ongoing development of Smart Grid Systems.
The success of Smart Grid will be based on gridintegrated real-time communication between various... more The success of Smart Grid will be based on gridintegrated real-time communication between various grid elements in generation, transmission, distribution and loads. Merit to the ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4std low cost, low power, low data rate, short range, simplicity and free licensed spectrum that makes wireless sensor networks (WSNs) the most suitable wireless technology for smart grid applications. This paper focuses at the distribution layer from advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) gateways at the consumer premises to the distribution point where a multi-hop mesh network is built for large coverage data exchange. While beacon-enabled mode is adopted for energy efficient operations, IEEE802.15.4std does not define any mechanisms to enable beacon mode in mesh network. Therefore, in this paper, a modified Zigbee WSN MAC protocol for real-time multi-hop mesh network topology is developed. The protocol performance is evaluated using NS-2 simulation and the preliminary results are encouraging.
2014 IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO2014), 2014
ABSTRACT Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a computer system for collect... more ABSTRACT Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a computer system for collecting and analysing data in almost real-time fashion for monitoring and control of electric powersystem applications. Thus, communication channels play a core role in SCADA systems implementation. The use of wireless sensor network (WSN) communication can, however, lead to a more flexible and powerful electric power systemprotection scenarios than the current used wired sensor. Hence, in order to provide a real-time data exchange in Low Voltage Smart Grid Distribution Systems and thus, predict a Real-time electric power system control, a Novel IEEE802.15.4 Protocol aimed atWSN for Modern SCADA Communication System is modeled in this paper. The protocol performance is evaluated using NS-2 Simulation and the preliminary results are encouraging.
ABSTRACT The loss of the integrity and/or availability of data has the potential to diversely aff... more ABSTRACT The loss of the integrity and/or availability of data has the potential to diversely affect power utility core operations. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a computer system for collecting and analyzing data in almost real-time fashion for monitoring purposes. SCADA refers to the combination of telemetry and data acquisition. Communication plays, thus, a core role in SCADA systems. The use of wireless sensor network (WSN) can, however, lead to a more flexible and powerful protection scenarios than the current used wired sensor. Merit to Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4 as one of the promising WSN standards due to its low cost of deployment, low power, low data rate, short range, simplicity and free licensed spectrum. While a beacon-enabled mode is adopted for energy efficiency operations with a multi-hop mesh network built up for large coverage, IEEE802.15.4 standard does not provide any mechanisms for a beacon-enabled mode in multi-hop mesh networks. Hence, in order to provide a real-time data exchange and thus, predict a real-time system control, a Novel Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4 MAC Protocol for SCADA system is modeled in this paper. The protocol performance is evaluated using NS-2 Simulation and the preliminary results are encouraging.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2013
ABSTRACT A smart grid refers to a modernization of the electricity system that brings intelligenc... more ABSTRACT A smart grid refers to a modernization of the electricity system that brings intelligence, reliability, efficiency and optimality to the power grid. To provide an automated and widely distributed energy delivery, the smart grid will be branded by a two-way flow of electricity and information system between energy suppliers and their customers. Thus, the smart grid is a power grid that integrates data communication networks which provide the collected and analysed data at all levels in real time. Therefore, the performance of communication systems is so vital for the success of smart grid. Merit to the ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4std low cost, low power, low data rate, short range, simplicity and free licensed spectrum that makes wireless sensor networks (WSNs) the most suitable wireless technology for smart grid applications. Unfortunately, almost all ZigBee channels overlap with wireless local area network (WLAN) channels, resulting in severe performance degradation due to interference. In order to improve the performance of communication systems, this paper proposes an optimal throughput and self-adaptability of ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4std for smart grid.
2013 IEEE 7th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), 2013
ABSTRACT The future of Smart Grid is based on grid-integrated real-time communications between th... more ABSTRACT The future of Smart Grid is based on grid-integrated real-time communications between the grid elements of generation, transmission, distribution and loads. Due to Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 standard's features such as low cost, low power, low data rate, short range, simplicity and free licensed spectrum which makes Zigbee-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) the wireless technology of choice for smart grid applications. This paper focuses on the electricity distribution layer, ranging from Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) gateways at the house-hold to the distribution point where a multi-hop mesh network is built for large coverage data exchanges. Although beacon-based mode of operation is adopted in IEEE802.15.4 standard, it does not, however, specify any mechanism to enable beacon mode in mesh networks. Therefore, in this paper, the Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol is modified to suit the beacon-based wireless sensor multi-hop mesh networks application. Such network configuration is expected to proliferate in is smart grid auto-metering scenarios. A simulation model was built and validated using the network simulator (NS-2) and the preliminary results showed considerable enhancements as expected for the ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol.
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Future smart antenna technology requires multielement, adaptive array antennas to be placed on ve... more Future smart antenna technology requires multielement, adaptive array antennas to be placed on very small cell phone units. Small adaptive array antennas require heavy signal processing if the statistical techniques are used to maximize radiation in the desired direction and to null the beam in the direction of interfering signals. In terms of weight, battery energy and computational memory and time required it is imperative to minimize computational time, memory required and weight of the hardware to be used for adaptive beamforming in smart antennas. In this paper is presented a three-element antenna that uses analytically solved weight computation. No statistical or number crunching techniques are used. Moreover, it is shown that the antenna elements behind which two signal processing units are placed are critical. The placement of the weight processing signal processing units is critical for obtaining simultaneous beam maximizing towards the desired direction and nulling towards...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are best solutions for numerous aspects of engineering applicatio... more Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are best solutions for numerous aspects of engineering applications such as monitoring, control and surveillance of electrical plant amongst others. Autonomously, sensors will communicate with each other, collaborate, share and forward information in a multi-hop fashion without any centralized controller. To gather relevant data, the route optimization mechanism is used to solve the long routing problem and provide the shortest path amongst communicating nodes. Thus, this shortest path criterion is not suitable for WSN as it may lead to power drainage of several nodes and may cause high signaling and processing costs due to the network reconstruction. This paper proposes an optimal route configuration technique based on an adaptive genetic algorithm in which the architecture of multi-hop wireless sensor network is considered as a distributed computing infrastructure. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm provides an optimal route confi...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Nowadays, there is a significant diminution in agricultural production due to the unpredictable c... more Nowadays, there is a significant diminution in agricultural production due to the unpredictable control of crop climate conditions. Thus, to alleviate the crops exposure from excess cold or heat and unwanted pests, an intelligent environment monitoring and control system based Arduino UNO board consisting of ATmega 328P microcontroller has been developed for a small-scale agriculture namely greenhouse. The system user can monitor and control the greenhouse climate conditions remotely via web interface/mobile applications and GSM in a real-time manner. To deliver the environmental conditions in a timely manner, low-cost wireless sensor network (WSN) is used to monitor the temperature, humidity, soil moisture and light of the greenhouse. The sensor network constitutes a multi-hop network structure for large coverage. The developed system is implemented and tested in laboratory conditions using Proteus toolkit. Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tool is used to develop ne...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2017
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is a well-known threat to aerospace vehicles and microelectronic sy... more Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) is a well-known threat to aerospace vehicles and microelectronic systems. This is especially so with the increased use of non-metallic, composite material for the aircraft body. Moreover, the severe lightning flashes to aircraft also commence with ESD on the aircraft body. The ESD results in the initiation of positive leaders that grow towards the thundercloud from one part of the aircraft. Moreover, a negative leader is launched towards the ground or another cloud. In this paper, we discuss the induced electric charges due to the vertical electric field component of the thundercloud charge center. Further, the electric currents induced on the surface of the aircraft body or equipment by the horizontal component of the thundercloud generated electric field is examined. From the electrostatic fields computed prior to the initiation of corona or the initial leader, we show that in addition to the most commonly identified part of the aircraft from which le...
The success of a modern power grid system is inevitably based on the integration of a smart data ... more The success of a modern power grid system is inevitably based on the integration of a smart data exchange amid several devices in power production, transportation, dispatching and loads. For large coverage data exchange, a distributed multi-hop mesh is structured from low voltage distribution boards to the substations. Thus, being cheap, less power intake, easy set-up and operating in a free licensed spectrum, ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 makes the most suitable wireless protocol for communicating in power grid systems. Nevertheless, IEEE802.15.4MAC protocol lacks a mechanism to enable a multi-hop mesh network with efficient energy and quality of service (QoS). Hence, in this paper, a Multi-Hop Mesh IEEE802.15.4MAC protocol is designed for a large coverage data exchange. This developed model provides a resilient network with energy efficiency and QoS. Hence, the IEEE802.15.4 super_frame standard_structure is modified by swapping the contention_free period (CFP) and contention_access period (...
Journal of Telecommunication, Electronic and Computer Engineering, 2016
This paper proposes an improved spectral efficiency in space communications using square root rai... more This paper proposes an improved spectral efficiency in space communications using square root raised cosine (SRRC) pulse-shaping technique. The proposal is necessitated by the global shortage of bandwidths confronting the wireless communication system. The major contribution of this technique is its ability to reduce the channel bandwidth and eliminate inter-symbol interference and spectral seepages with ease. This is achieved by tightly constraining wider channel bandwidths in a given frequency spectrum using SRRC pulse-shape filtering, thus eliciting more channels, higher data rates per channel and more users in the system. To authenticate the rationality of the proposed technique, MATLAB simulations are carried out under varying SRRC filter roll-off factors. The proposed technique is capable of achieving 43.76% channel bandwidth improvement, which is close to an ideal case of 50%. This is a great achievement in band-limited communication system. It is envisioned that this techniq...
2016 IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2016
The quality and reliability of electric power supply are the key indicators for the comfort of a ... more The quality and reliability of electric power supply are the key indicators for the comfort of a society. Hence, to serve customers with high quality electricity, the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is being used in the distribution system (DS) for power monitoring and control. The SCADA is feed with operation data like current and voltage via Feeder_Remote Terminal_Units (FRTUs). The FRTUs are capable of triggering actions to detach the portion of DS experiencing an unusual condition. Nevertheless, the existing grids do not operate at their optimal capacity due to the usage of one way data communication installations. Thus, to optimize the operation of the legacy power distribution grids, the innovation of the state-of-the-art communication techniques play a vital role-leading to the creation of smart grid Systems. This paper reviews the development of wireless communication technologies envisioned as full-duplex information exchange medium in the ongoing development of Smart Grid Systems.
The success of Smart Grid will be based on gridintegrated real-time communication between various... more The success of Smart Grid will be based on gridintegrated real-time communication between various grid elements in generation, transmission, distribution and loads. Merit to the ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4std low cost, low power, low data rate, short range, simplicity and free licensed spectrum that makes wireless sensor networks (WSNs) the most suitable wireless technology for smart grid applications. This paper focuses at the distribution layer from advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) gateways at the consumer premises to the distribution point where a multi-hop mesh network is built for large coverage data exchange. While beacon-enabled mode is adopted for energy efficient operations, IEEE802.15.4std does not define any mechanisms to enable beacon mode in mesh network. Therefore, in this paper, a modified Zigbee WSN MAC protocol for real-time multi-hop mesh network topology is developed. The protocol performance is evaluated using NS-2 simulation and the preliminary results are encouraging.
2014 IEEE 8th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO2014), 2014
ABSTRACT Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a computer system for collect... more ABSTRACT Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a computer system for collecting and analysing data in almost real-time fashion for monitoring and control of electric powersystem applications. Thus, communication channels play a core role in SCADA systems implementation. The use of wireless sensor network (WSN) communication can, however, lead to a more flexible and powerful electric power systemprotection scenarios than the current used wired sensor. Hence, in order to provide a real-time data exchange in Low Voltage Smart Grid Distribution Systems and thus, predict a Real-time electric power system control, a Novel IEEE802.15.4 Protocol aimed atWSN for Modern SCADA Communication System is modeled in this paper. The protocol performance is evaluated using NS-2 Simulation and the preliminary results are encouraging.
ABSTRACT The loss of the integrity and/or availability of data has the potential to diversely aff... more ABSTRACT The loss of the integrity and/or availability of data has the potential to diversely affect power utility core operations. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a computer system for collecting and analyzing data in almost real-time fashion for monitoring purposes. SCADA refers to the combination of telemetry and data acquisition. Communication plays, thus, a core role in SCADA systems. The use of wireless sensor network (WSN) can, however, lead to a more flexible and powerful protection scenarios than the current used wired sensor. Merit to Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4 as one of the promising WSN standards due to its low cost of deployment, low power, low data rate, short range, simplicity and free licensed spectrum. While a beacon-enabled mode is adopted for energy efficiency operations with a multi-hop mesh network built up for large coverage, IEEE802.15.4 standard does not provide any mechanisms for a beacon-enabled mode in multi-hop mesh networks. Hence, in order to provide a real-time data exchange and thus, predict a real-time system control, a Novel Zigbee/IEEE802.15.4 MAC Protocol for SCADA system is modeled in this paper. The protocol performance is evaluated using NS-2 Simulation and the preliminary results are encouraging.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2013
ABSTRACT A smart grid refers to a modernization of the electricity system that brings intelligenc... more ABSTRACT A smart grid refers to a modernization of the electricity system that brings intelligence, reliability, efficiency and optimality to the power grid. To provide an automated and widely distributed energy delivery, the smart grid will be branded by a two-way flow of electricity and information system between energy suppliers and their customers. Thus, the smart grid is a power grid that integrates data communication networks which provide the collected and analysed data at all levels in real time. Therefore, the performance of communication systems is so vital for the success of smart grid. Merit to the ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4std low cost, low power, low data rate, short range, simplicity and free licensed spectrum that makes wireless sensor networks (WSNs) the most suitable wireless technology for smart grid applications. Unfortunately, almost all ZigBee channels overlap with wireless local area network (WLAN) channels, resulting in severe performance degradation due to interference. In order to improve the performance of communication systems, this paper proposes an optimal throughput and self-adaptability of ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4std for smart grid.
2013 IEEE 7th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference (PEOCO), 2013
ABSTRACT The future of Smart Grid is based on grid-integrated real-time communications between th... more ABSTRACT The future of Smart Grid is based on grid-integrated real-time communications between the grid elements of generation, transmission, distribution and loads. Due to Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 standard's features such as low cost, low power, low data rate, short range, simplicity and free licensed spectrum which makes Zigbee-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) the wireless technology of choice for smart grid applications. This paper focuses on the electricity distribution layer, ranging from Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) gateways at the house-hold to the distribution point where a multi-hop mesh network is built for large coverage data exchanges. Although beacon-based mode of operation is adopted in IEEE802.15.4 standard, it does not, however, specify any mechanism to enable beacon mode in mesh networks. Therefore, in this paper, the Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol is modified to suit the beacon-based wireless sensor multi-hop mesh networks application. Such network configuration is expected to proliferate in is smart grid auto-metering scenarios. A simulation model was built and validated using the network simulator (NS-2) and the preliminary results showed considerable enhancements as expected for the ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol.
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Papers by Hikma Shabani