The notion of f-ideal is recent and has so far been studied in several papers. In [15], the idea ... more The notion of f-ideal is recent and has so far been studied in several papers. In [15], the idea of f-ideal is generalized to quasi f-ideals, which is much larger class than the class of f-ideals. In this paper, we introduce the concept of quasi f-simplicial complex and quasi f-graph. We give a characterization of quasi f-graphs on n vertices. A complete solution of connectedness of quasi fsimplicial complexes is described. We have also shown a method of constructing Cohen-Macaulay quasi f-graphs.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
NiCo2O4/NiO nanocomposites were synthesized via atmospheric pressure microplasma electrochemical ... more NiCo2O4/NiO nanocomposites were synthesized via atmospheric pressure microplasma electrochemical method. The influence of surfactants on the morphology and properties of as-synthesized nanostructures was studied. Nanorods, nanowires and nanoflowers like morphologies were obtained from SEM analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to study the structural properties of NiCo2O4/NiO nanostructures and the crystallite size was found to be dependent on surfactants used. Photoluminescence (PL) study disclosed the band edge emission for NiCo2O4/NiO nanostructures with extra emission in visible region due to the presence of defects such as vacancy and interstitial. The functional characteristics of as-prepared nanostructures were carried out by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of these nanostructures in the presence of sun light has been investigated using Rhodamine B (RhB) dye solution. It is found that 83.66% decolorization was obtained after 120 min of irradiation for this cationic dye, which showed that both the visible light and photocatalyst are important for effective decolorization of RhB dye.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures are synthesized via a simple and novel atmospheric pressure mic... more Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures are synthesized via a simple and novel atmospheric pressure microplasma technique without using any surfactant. The effect of electrolyte concentration on structure, size, and morphology of CuO nanostructures has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed the formation of highly crystalline single phase CuO, exhibiting a monoclinic structure. SEM images have shown an interpenetrating self-assembled nanosheets (NS) with varying sizes. The energy bandgap of the samples is estimated between 2.0 and 2.73 eV. The antibacterial activity of CuO NS demonstrates significant bactericidal efficiency against gram-negative bacteria. In addition, these NS are checked for the degradation of organic dyes such as Rhodamine B and methyl orange under sunlight irradiation which showed significant degradation, indicating excellent photocatalytic activity. It has been found that CuO NS are promising material for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications because of its attractive photocatalytic and antibacterial properties.
Let $$\Delta$$ be a simplicial complex on the vertex set $$V$$. For $$m=1,2,3,\dots$$, the notion... more Let $$\Delta$$ be a simplicial complex on the vertex set $$V$$. For $$m=1,2,3,\dots$$, the notion of $$m$$-th $$\mathcal{NF}$$-complex of $$\Delta$$, $$\delta^{(m)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)$$, was introduced by Hibi and Mahmood in [5], where $$\delta^{(m)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)=\delta_{\mathcal{NF}}(\delta^{(m-1)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta))$$ with setting $$\delta^{(1)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)=\delta_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)$$ such that $$\delta_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)$$ is the Stanley–Reisner complex of the facet ideal of $$\Delta$$. The $$\mathcal{NF}$$-number of $$\Delta$$ is the least positive integer $$q$$ for which $$\delta^{(q)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)\simeq\Delta$$. In this paper, we investigated the $$\mathcal{NF}$$-number of two copies of complete graphs $$K_n$$ joined by one common vertex $$\{u\}$$. At the end, we also provided an explicit example for the case of two copies of $$K_5$$ joined by common vertex $$\{u\}$$.
A squarefree monomial ideal is called an $f$-ideal if its Stanley–Reisner and facet simplicial co... more A squarefree monomial ideal is called an $f$-ideal if its Stanley–Reisner and facet simplicial complexes have the same $f$-vector. We show that $f$-ideals generated in a fixed degree have asymptotic density zero when the number of variables goes to infinity. We also provide novel algorithms to construct $f$-ideals generated in small degrees.
2018 14th IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications (MESA), 2018
In recent years, the decoding algorithms in communication networks are becoming increasingly comp... more In recent years, the decoding algorithms in communication networks are becoming increasingly complex aiming to achieve high reliability in correctly decoding received messages. These decoding algorithms involve computationally complex operations requiring high performance computing hardware, which are generally expensive. A cost-effective solution is to enhance the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) of the processors by creating new custom instructions for the computational parts of the decoding algorithms. In this paper, we propose to utilize the custom instruction approach to efficiently implement the widely used Viterbi decoding algorithm by adding the assembly language instructions to the ISA of DLX, PicoJava II and NIOS II processors, which represent RISC, stack and FPGA-based softcore processor architectures, respectively. By using the custom instruction approach, the execution time of the Viterbi algorithm is significantly improved by approximately 3 times for DLX and PicoJava II, and by 2 times for NIOS II.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2018
Recently, the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been proposed for exploration of t... more Recently, the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been proposed for exploration of the underwater resources and to obtain information about the aquatic environment. The noise in UWSNs challenges the successful transmission of packets from a sender to a receiver. There are many protocols in literature that address noise reduction/avoidance during underwater communication. However, they require localization information of each sensor nodes that itself is a challenging issue. In this paper, the minimum channel noise is considered and the depth and noise aware routing (DNAR) protocol is proposed to send the packets reliably from a sender node to a surface sink. In the DNAR protocol, more energy is assigned to the sensor nodes that have depth level \(\le \)150 m. Therefore, the sensor nodes that deployed are nearby to the sink node have more capability of transmission and will not die quickly. Also, the proposed protocol selects the forwarder candidate that have lowest depth and minimum channel noise at the receiver. As compared to some existing schemes, the proposed scheme requires no geographical information of the nodes for data routing. The DNAR protocol is validated by Matlab simulation and compared it with the DBR scheme. The simulation results show that the DNAR has better results in-terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), total energy consumption, and the network lifetime.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2017
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) rely on effective deployment of sensing nodes. Efficient sensor d... more Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) rely on effective deployment of sensing nodes. Efficient sensor deployment with ensured connectivity is a major challenge in WSNs. Several deployment approaches have been proposed in literature to address the connectivity and efficiency of sensor networks. However, most of these works either lack in efficiency or ignore the connectivity issues. In this paper, we propose an efficient and connectivity-based algorithm by modifying the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) (Liu and He, J Netw Comput Appl 39:310–318, 2014). Traditional ACO algorithms ensure coverage at a high cost and repetitive sensing, which results in resource wastage. Our proposed algorithm reduces the sensing cost with efficient deployment and enhanced connectivity. Simulation results indicate the ability of proposed framework to significantly reduce the coverage cost as well as achieve longer life time for WSNs.
The notion of quasi f -ideals was first presented in [14] which generalize the idea of f -ideals.... more The notion of quasi f -ideals was first presented in [14] which generalize the idea of f -ideals. In this paper, we give the complete characterization of quasi f -ideals of degree greater or equal to 2. Additionally, we show that the property of being quasi f -ideals remain the same after taking the Newton complementary dual of a squarefree monomial ideal I provided that the minimal generating set of I is perfect.
The classification of right unimodal and bimodal hypersurface singularities over a field of posit... more The classification of right unimodal and bimodal hypersurface singularities over a field of positive characteristic was given by H. D. Nguyen. The classification is described in the style of Arnold and not in an algorithmic way. This classification was characterized by M. A. Binyamin et al. [Bull.
Let $\Delta$ be a simplicial complex on $[n]$. The $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}$-complex of $\Delta$ i... more Let $\Delta$ be a simplicial complex on $[n]$. The $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}$-complex of $\Delta$ is the simplicial complex $\delta_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta)$ on $[n]$ for which the facet ideal of $\Delta$ is equal to the Stanley--Reisner ideal of $\delta_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta)$. Furthermore, for each $k = 2,3,\ldots$\,, we introduce {\em $k^{th}$ $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}$-complex} $\delta^{(k)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta)$ which is inductively defined by $\delta^{(k)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta) = \delta_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\delta^{(k-1)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta))$ with setting $\delta^{(1)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta) = \delta_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta)$. One can set $\delta^{(0)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta) = \Delta$. The $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}$-number of $\Delta$ is the smallest integer $k > 0$ for which $\delta^{(k)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta) \simeq \Delta$. In the present paper we are especially interested in the ...
Let Λ be a numerical semigroup and I ⊂ Λ be an ideal of Λ. The graph GI(Λ) assigned to an ideal I... more Let Λ be a numerical semigroup and I ⊂ Λ be an ideal of Λ. The graph GI(Λ) assigned to an ideal I of Λ is a graph with elements of (Λ \ I) ∗ as vertices and any two vertices x, y are adjacent if and only if x + y ∈ I. In this paper we give a complete characterization (up to isomorphism ) of the graph GI(Λ) to be planar, where I is an irreducible ideal of Λ. This will finally characterize non planar graphs GI (Λ) corresponding to irreducible ideal I.
The notion off-ideals is recent and has been studied in the papers[1] [2], [5], [10], [11], [12],... more The notion off-ideals is recent and has been studied in the papers[1] [2], [5], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14] and [15]. In this paper, we have generalized the idea off-ideals to quasi f-ideals. This extended class of ideals is much bigger than the class of all f-ideals. Apart from giving various characterizations of quasi f-ideals of degree 2, we have determined all the minimal primes ideals of these ideals. Moreover, construction of quasi f-ideals of degree 2 has been described; the formula for computing Hilbert function and Hilbert series of the polynomial ring modulo quasi f-ideal has been provided.
2019 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 2019
Audio communication on the public Internet suffers from not synchronized word clocks of the invol... more Audio communication on the public Internet suffers from not synchronized word clocks of the involved audio devices. The resulting clock drift leads to audio dropouts, which is typically compensated by a sample rate conversion (SRC) in standard telecommunication systems. This, however, does not fulfill the requirements of a high-quality audio system, in which all devices share one and the same word clock. Professional IP based network audio systems such as DANTE or AVB with their respective clock synchronization techniques have so been limited to LAN usage, where network jitter and loss have negligible importance regarding the required accuracy in the dimension of several nanoseconds. In a WAN, however, jitter in the millisecond dimension would lead to unacceptable measurement errors for the intended clock synchronization. As a consequence, we decided to investigate alternative clock synchronization techniques for WAN-distributed devices and developed a GNSS-based approach, which lea...
The realm of cloud computing has revolutionized access to cloud resources and their utilization a... more The realm of cloud computing has revolutionized access to cloud resources and their utilization and applications over the Internet. However, deploying cloud computing for delay critical applications and reducing the delay in access to the resources are challenging. The Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) paradigm is one of the effective solutions, which brings the cloud computing services to the proximity of the edge network and leverages the available resources. This paper presents a survey of the latest and state-of-the-art algorithms, techniques, and concepts of MEC. The proposed work is unique in that the most novel algorithms are considered, which are not considered by the existing surveys. Moreover, the chosen novel literature of the existing researchers is classified in terms of performance metrics by describing the realms of promising performance and the regions where the margin of improvement exists for future investigation for the future researchers. This also eases the choice of a particular algorithm for a particular application. As compared to the existing surveys, the bibliometric overview is provided, which is further helpful for the researchers, engineers, and scientists for a thorough insight, application selection, and future consideration for improvement. In addition, applications related to the MEC platform are presented. Open research challenges, future directions, and lessons learned in area of the MEC are provided for further future
The self-mappings satisfying implicit relations were introduced in a previous study [Popa,Fixed p... more The self-mappings satisfying implicit relations were introduced in a previous study [Popa,Fixed point theorems for implicit contractive mappings, Stud. Cerc. St. Ser. Mat. Univ. Bacău7(1997), 129–133]. In this study, we introduce self-operators satisfying an ordered implicit relation and hence obtain their fixed points in the cone metric space under some additional conditions. We obtain a homotopy result as an application.
Abstract Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructures have been synthesized successfully via solution phase ... more Abstract Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructures have been synthesized successfully via solution phase growth technique. Effect of reaction temperature, time and surfactant on morphology, size and bandgap has been studied. The rods, flowers, and spheres like morphologies of SnO2 have been observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Structural analysis of synthesized SnO2 has been carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). XRD peaks revealed the tetragonal structure of SnO2 nanocrystals. The increase in grain size was observed with an increase in reaction time and reaction temperature of the synthesis process. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been employed to study the vibrational modes. Optical properties of the SnO2 nanostructures have also been studied by UV–vis spectroscopy. The energy bandgap of the as-prepared SnO2 nanocrystals were estimated between 3.76 eV and 4.05 eV. Photocatalytic activities of SnO2 nanostructures were studied on Rhodamine B (Rhd B) dye under solar light illumination. Approximately 91% degradation of Rhd B was observed with as-synthesized SnO2 nanostructures.
In this research work, CuO nanostructures were synthesized using atmospheric pressure microplasma... more In this research work, CuO nanostructures were synthesized using atmospheric pressure microplasma (AMP) electrochemical process. The synthesized CuO nanostructures were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and UV-Vis spectrometer. XRD pattern showed that CuO has a monoclinic structure. Morphological analysis revealed that the shapes of nanostructures were sheet like. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of the Cu-O stretching bond. Optical properties were studied by UV-Vis spectrometer. The bandgap was found to be 2.54 eV. The synthesized nanostructures were also employed for photodegradation of organic dyes such as methyl orange and rhodamine B under solar irradiation. It was observed that the percentage removal for both the dyes increased with increasing contact time and a significant removal was attained after a time of 80 min. The obtained results were confirmed by isotherm and kinetic studies. The dye adsorption data were fitted well to Temkin isotherm, while the adsorption process was well described by pseudo-first-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetics. These results would be extremely helpful for environmental applications regarding the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions as wastewater remediation.
The notion of f-ideal is recent and has so far been studied in several papers. In [15], the idea ... more The notion of f-ideal is recent and has so far been studied in several papers. In [15], the idea of f-ideal is generalized to quasi f-ideals, which is much larger class than the class of f-ideals. In this paper, we introduce the concept of quasi f-simplicial complex and quasi f-graph. We give a characterization of quasi f-graphs on n vertices. A complete solution of connectedness of quasi fsimplicial complexes is described. We have also shown a method of constructing Cohen-Macaulay quasi f-graphs.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
NiCo2O4/NiO nanocomposites were synthesized via atmospheric pressure microplasma electrochemical ... more NiCo2O4/NiO nanocomposites were synthesized via atmospheric pressure microplasma electrochemical method. The influence of surfactants on the morphology and properties of as-synthesized nanostructures was studied. Nanorods, nanowires and nanoflowers like morphologies were obtained from SEM analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to study the structural properties of NiCo2O4/NiO nanostructures and the crystallite size was found to be dependent on surfactants used. Photoluminescence (PL) study disclosed the band edge emission for NiCo2O4/NiO nanostructures with extra emission in visible region due to the presence of defects such as vacancy and interstitial. The functional characteristics of as-prepared nanostructures were carried out by Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. Moreover, the photocatalytic activity of these nanostructures in the presence of sun light has been investigated using Rhodamine B (RhB) dye solution. It is found that 83.66% decolorization was obtained after 120 min of irradiation for this cationic dye, which showed that both the visible light and photocatalyst are important for effective decolorization of RhB dye.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures are synthesized via a simple and novel atmospheric pressure mic... more Copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures are synthesized via a simple and novel atmospheric pressure microplasma technique without using any surfactant. The effect of electrolyte concentration on structure, size, and morphology of CuO nanostructures has been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed the formation of highly crystalline single phase CuO, exhibiting a monoclinic structure. SEM images have shown an interpenetrating self-assembled nanosheets (NS) with varying sizes. The energy bandgap of the samples is estimated between 2.0 and 2.73 eV. The antibacterial activity of CuO NS demonstrates significant bactericidal efficiency against gram-negative bacteria. In addition, these NS are checked for the degradation of organic dyes such as Rhodamine B and methyl orange under sunlight irradiation which showed significant degradation, indicating excellent photocatalytic activity. It has been found that CuO NS are promising material for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications because of its attractive photocatalytic and antibacterial properties.
Let $$\Delta$$ be a simplicial complex on the vertex set $$V$$. For $$m=1,2,3,\dots$$, the notion... more Let $$\Delta$$ be a simplicial complex on the vertex set $$V$$. For $$m=1,2,3,\dots$$, the notion of $$m$$-th $$\mathcal{NF}$$-complex of $$\Delta$$, $$\delta^{(m)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)$$, was introduced by Hibi and Mahmood in [5], where $$\delta^{(m)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)=\delta_{\mathcal{NF}}(\delta^{(m-1)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta))$$ with setting $$\delta^{(1)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)=\delta_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)$$ such that $$\delta_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)$$ is the Stanley–Reisner complex of the facet ideal of $$\Delta$$. The $$\mathcal{NF}$$-number of $$\Delta$$ is the least positive integer $$q$$ for which $$\delta^{(q)}_{\mathcal{NF}}(\Delta)\simeq\Delta$$. In this paper, we investigated the $$\mathcal{NF}$$-number of two copies of complete graphs $$K_n$$ joined by one common vertex $$\{u\}$$. At the end, we also provided an explicit example for the case of two copies of $$K_5$$ joined by common vertex $$\{u\}$$.
A squarefree monomial ideal is called an $f$-ideal if its Stanley–Reisner and facet simplicial co... more A squarefree monomial ideal is called an $f$-ideal if its Stanley–Reisner and facet simplicial complexes have the same $f$-vector. We show that $f$-ideals generated in a fixed degree have asymptotic density zero when the number of variables goes to infinity. We also provide novel algorithms to construct $f$-ideals generated in small degrees.
2018 14th IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications (MESA), 2018
In recent years, the decoding algorithms in communication networks are becoming increasingly comp... more In recent years, the decoding algorithms in communication networks are becoming increasingly complex aiming to achieve high reliability in correctly decoding received messages. These decoding algorithms involve computationally complex operations requiring high performance computing hardware, which are generally expensive. A cost-effective solution is to enhance the Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) of the processors by creating new custom instructions for the computational parts of the decoding algorithms. In this paper, we propose to utilize the custom instruction approach to efficiently implement the widely used Viterbi decoding algorithm by adding the assembly language instructions to the ISA of DLX, PicoJava II and NIOS II processors, which represent RISC, stack and FPGA-based softcore processor architectures, respectively. By using the custom instruction approach, the execution time of the Viterbi algorithm is significantly improved by approximately 3 times for DLX and PicoJava II, and by 2 times for NIOS II.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2018
Recently, the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been proposed for exploration of t... more Recently, the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been proposed for exploration of the underwater resources and to obtain information about the aquatic environment. The noise in UWSNs challenges the successful transmission of packets from a sender to a receiver. There are many protocols in literature that address noise reduction/avoidance during underwater communication. However, they require localization information of each sensor nodes that itself is a challenging issue. In this paper, the minimum channel noise is considered and the depth and noise aware routing (DNAR) protocol is proposed to send the packets reliably from a sender node to a surface sink. In the DNAR protocol, more energy is assigned to the sensor nodes that have depth level \(\le \)150 m. Therefore, the sensor nodes that deployed are nearby to the sink node have more capability of transmission and will not die quickly. Also, the proposed protocol selects the forwarder candidate that have lowest depth and minimum channel noise at the receiver. As compared to some existing schemes, the proposed scheme requires no geographical information of the nodes for data routing. The DNAR protocol is validated by Matlab simulation and compared it with the DBR scheme. The simulation results show that the DNAR has better results in-terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), total energy consumption, and the network lifetime.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2017
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) rely on effective deployment of sensing nodes. Efficient sensor d... more Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) rely on effective deployment of sensing nodes. Efficient sensor deployment with ensured connectivity is a major challenge in WSNs. Several deployment approaches have been proposed in literature to address the connectivity and efficiency of sensor networks. However, most of these works either lack in efficiency or ignore the connectivity issues. In this paper, we propose an efficient and connectivity-based algorithm by modifying the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) (Liu and He, J Netw Comput Appl 39:310–318, 2014). Traditional ACO algorithms ensure coverage at a high cost and repetitive sensing, which results in resource wastage. Our proposed algorithm reduces the sensing cost with efficient deployment and enhanced connectivity. Simulation results indicate the ability of proposed framework to significantly reduce the coverage cost as well as achieve longer life time for WSNs.
The notion of quasi f -ideals was first presented in [14] which generalize the idea of f -ideals.... more The notion of quasi f -ideals was first presented in [14] which generalize the idea of f -ideals. In this paper, we give the complete characterization of quasi f -ideals of degree greater or equal to 2. Additionally, we show that the property of being quasi f -ideals remain the same after taking the Newton complementary dual of a squarefree monomial ideal I provided that the minimal generating set of I is perfect.
The classification of right unimodal and bimodal hypersurface singularities over a field of posit... more The classification of right unimodal and bimodal hypersurface singularities over a field of positive characteristic was given by H. D. Nguyen. The classification is described in the style of Arnold and not in an algorithmic way. This classification was characterized by M. A. Binyamin et al. [Bull.
Let $\Delta$ be a simplicial complex on $[n]$. The $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}$-complex of $\Delta$ i... more Let $\Delta$ be a simplicial complex on $[n]$. The $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}$-complex of $\Delta$ is the simplicial complex $\delta_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta)$ on $[n]$ for which the facet ideal of $\Delta$ is equal to the Stanley--Reisner ideal of $\delta_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta)$. Furthermore, for each $k = 2,3,\ldots$\,, we introduce {\em $k^{th}$ $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}$-complex} $\delta^{(k)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta)$ which is inductively defined by $\delta^{(k)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta) = \delta_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\delta^{(k-1)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta))$ with setting $\delta^{(1)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta) = \delta_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta)$. One can set $\delta^{(0)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta) = \Delta$. The $\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}$-number of $\Delta$ is the smallest integer $k > 0$ for which $\delta^{(k)}_{\mathcal{N}\mathcal{F}}(\Delta) \simeq \Delta$. In the present paper we are especially interested in the ...
Let Λ be a numerical semigroup and I ⊂ Λ be an ideal of Λ. The graph GI(Λ) assigned to an ideal I... more Let Λ be a numerical semigroup and I ⊂ Λ be an ideal of Λ. The graph GI(Λ) assigned to an ideal I of Λ is a graph with elements of (Λ \ I) ∗ as vertices and any two vertices x, y are adjacent if and only if x + y ∈ I. In this paper we give a complete characterization (up to isomorphism ) of the graph GI(Λ) to be planar, where I is an irreducible ideal of Λ. This will finally characterize non planar graphs GI (Λ) corresponding to irreducible ideal I.
The notion off-ideals is recent and has been studied in the papers[1] [2], [5], [10], [11], [12],... more The notion off-ideals is recent and has been studied in the papers[1] [2], [5], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14] and [15]. In this paper, we have generalized the idea off-ideals to quasi f-ideals. This extended class of ideals is much bigger than the class of all f-ideals. Apart from giving various characterizations of quasi f-ideals of degree 2, we have determined all the minimal primes ideals of these ideals. Moreover, construction of quasi f-ideals of degree 2 has been described; the formula for computing Hilbert function and Hilbert series of the polynomial ring modulo quasi f-ideal has been provided.
2019 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), 2019
Audio communication on the public Internet suffers from not synchronized word clocks of the invol... more Audio communication on the public Internet suffers from not synchronized word clocks of the involved audio devices. The resulting clock drift leads to audio dropouts, which is typically compensated by a sample rate conversion (SRC) in standard telecommunication systems. This, however, does not fulfill the requirements of a high-quality audio system, in which all devices share one and the same word clock. Professional IP based network audio systems such as DANTE or AVB with their respective clock synchronization techniques have so been limited to LAN usage, where network jitter and loss have negligible importance regarding the required accuracy in the dimension of several nanoseconds. In a WAN, however, jitter in the millisecond dimension would lead to unacceptable measurement errors for the intended clock synchronization. As a consequence, we decided to investigate alternative clock synchronization techniques for WAN-distributed devices and developed a GNSS-based approach, which lea...
The realm of cloud computing has revolutionized access to cloud resources and their utilization a... more The realm of cloud computing has revolutionized access to cloud resources and their utilization and applications over the Internet. However, deploying cloud computing for delay critical applications and reducing the delay in access to the resources are challenging. The Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) paradigm is one of the effective solutions, which brings the cloud computing services to the proximity of the edge network and leverages the available resources. This paper presents a survey of the latest and state-of-the-art algorithms, techniques, and concepts of MEC. The proposed work is unique in that the most novel algorithms are considered, which are not considered by the existing surveys. Moreover, the chosen novel literature of the existing researchers is classified in terms of performance metrics by describing the realms of promising performance and the regions where the margin of improvement exists for future investigation for the future researchers. This also eases the choice of a particular algorithm for a particular application. As compared to the existing surveys, the bibliometric overview is provided, which is further helpful for the researchers, engineers, and scientists for a thorough insight, application selection, and future consideration for improvement. In addition, applications related to the MEC platform are presented. Open research challenges, future directions, and lessons learned in area of the MEC are provided for further future
The self-mappings satisfying implicit relations were introduced in a previous study [Popa,Fixed p... more The self-mappings satisfying implicit relations were introduced in a previous study [Popa,Fixed point theorems for implicit contractive mappings, Stud. Cerc. St. Ser. Mat. Univ. Bacău7(1997), 129–133]. In this study, we introduce self-operators satisfying an ordered implicit relation and hence obtain their fixed points in the cone metric space under some additional conditions. We obtain a homotopy result as an application.
Abstract Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructures have been synthesized successfully via solution phase ... more Abstract Tin dioxide (SnO2) nanostructures have been synthesized successfully via solution phase growth technique. Effect of reaction temperature, time and surfactant on morphology, size and bandgap has been studied. The rods, flowers, and spheres like morphologies of SnO2 have been observed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Structural analysis of synthesized SnO2 has been carried out by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). XRD peaks revealed the tetragonal structure of SnO2 nanocrystals. The increase in grain size was observed with an increase in reaction time and reaction temperature of the synthesis process. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) has been employed to study the vibrational modes. Optical properties of the SnO2 nanostructures have also been studied by UV–vis spectroscopy. The energy bandgap of the as-prepared SnO2 nanocrystals were estimated between 3.76 eV and 4.05 eV. Photocatalytic activities of SnO2 nanostructures were studied on Rhodamine B (Rhd B) dye under solar light illumination. Approximately 91% degradation of Rhd B was observed with as-synthesized SnO2 nanostructures.
In this research work, CuO nanostructures were synthesized using atmospheric pressure microplasma... more In this research work, CuO nanostructures were synthesized using atmospheric pressure microplasma (AMP) electrochemical process. The synthesized CuO nanostructures were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, and UV-Vis spectrometer. XRD pattern showed that CuO has a monoclinic structure. Morphological analysis revealed that the shapes of nanostructures were sheet like. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of the Cu-O stretching bond. Optical properties were studied by UV-Vis spectrometer. The bandgap was found to be 2.54 eV. The synthesized nanostructures were also employed for photodegradation of organic dyes such as methyl orange and rhodamine B under solar irradiation. It was observed that the percentage removal for both the dyes increased with increasing contact time and a significant removal was attained after a time of 80 min. The obtained results were confirmed by isotherm and kinetic studies. The dye adsorption data were fitted well to Temkin isotherm, while the adsorption process was well described by pseudo-first-order and intraparticle diffusion kinetics. These results would be extremely helpful for environmental applications regarding the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions as wastewater remediation.
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Papers by Hasan Mahmood