Papers by Hans Petter Hildre
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2018
As for all of the transport segments, autonomy is gaining increasing interest by researchers and ... more As for all of the transport segments, autonomy is gaining increasing interest by researchers and for development in the maritime industry, and introducing autonomy is expected to create new possibilities to increase efficiency and safety. Autonomy could lead to drastic changes in roles and responsibilities for involved agents (both technical systems and humans), and these changes will be an important driver for changing the rules which regulate the responsibilities of the involved actors in the maritime domain. This paper suggests a perspective of autonomy as a process of change as opposed to a defined state. The paper discusses three areas that warrant more attention in the development of autonomy in navigation in the maritime industry. Firstly; rather than the traditional reductionist safety models, it considers complexity in maritime systems with increased autonomy and explore systemic safety models to amplify positive human performance variability. Secondly; it argues that humans will be important also in systems with increased autonomy, and discusses the human involvement on strategic, tactical and operational levels. Thirdly; it discusses the importance of defining the concepts responsibility, authority and control from the perspective of humans, rather than that of the vessel.
Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2019
The Vessel Traffic Services is a control system in the maritime traffic system where the VTS oper... more The Vessel Traffic Services is a control system in the maritime traffic system where the VTS operators need to cope with a complex environment to contribute to safe and efficient ship movements. By using cognitive task analysis (CTA), the study has explored how the VTS operators cope with complexity. The study shows how complexity requires the operators to have a large variety in their responses, and these responses are based on personal experience, organisational knowledge, teamwork, and communication. However, the combination of the operators' experience and complexity in the environment lead to a large variation in the operators' response. Relevance to human factors/ergonomics theory The VTS operators are important for regulating the maritime traffic system. The complexity in the system requires expert knowledge to know how and when to respond. The paper uses a combination of two CTA-methods to identify the complexity and to learn how the operators cope with such complexity. Further, the paper aims to describe variation in response between operators and explain the reason for variation in the response.
DS 32: Proceedings of DESIGN 2004, the 8th International Design Conference, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2004
DS 31: Proceedings of ICED 03, the 14th International Conference on Engineering Design, Stockholm, 2003
This paper is about creating identity, soul and motivation in engineering design projects. We hav... more This paper is about creating identity, soul and motivation in engineering design projects. We have combined theory of rituals from social anthropology and practical knowledge from the theatre and brought it into the classroom of engineering design.
Ship Technology Research, 2015
Abstract This paper presents a hierarchical control scheme that can achieve autonomous manoeuvrin... more Abstract This paper presents a hierarchical control scheme that can achieve autonomous manoeuvring for marine vehicles in offshore operations. Different from dynamic positioning problems, fine manoeuvring not only requests low speed of vessels and high control accuracy but also has very strict and limited working spaces during offshore operations, such as oil platform maintenance, seabed survey and pipeline installations. To address fine manoeuvring, a two-level control architecture is proposed with an emphasis on developing autonomous manoeuvring from a specific application to final thrust allocation. On the high level, a ship controller is designed for regulation and dynamic positioning of ships. Thanks to the function approximation capabilities of neural networks, the controller is able to force the ship to desired targets with unknown dynamics of the ship. A thrust allocator is further developed on the low level that distributes control forces to individual actuators while satisfying optimising constraints. By linearising the constraints and employing the quadratic programming (QP) approach, an optimised thrust allocation is obtained. Both the ship controller and the thrust allocator are verified by simulation with the Cybership II model. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical control scheme.
Platforms in the context of product developing companies are used to fulfil a number of different... more Platforms in the context of product developing companies are used to fulfil a number of different goals. In some cases they have proven to be beneficial, while in other instances they have proven not to be. To understand how well a platform is performing, it has to be assessed in its existing industry-, market-, and company internal context Furthermore; the platform has to be assessed in line with how much it contributes to the company's specific competitive advantage strategy (CAS). The purpose of the paper is to propose a method that does this, i.e. assesses a company's platforms in reference to the industry-, market-, and company intrinsic context, as which as in reference to the company's chosen CAS. Furthermore, an important objective is to keep the method easy to use, and base it on explicit or tacit data that already exist in the company. A basic assumption is that companies have a great deal of valuable data that isn't utilized; it has to be documented and pr...
Ds 49 Proceedings of Norddesign 2004 Conference Tampere Finland 18 20 08 2004, 2004
Ds 56 Proceedings of the 7th Workshop on Product Structuring Product Platform Development Chalmers University Goteborg Sweden 24 25 03 2004, 2004
Platforms have grown in importance as product developing companies strive to be competitive by si... more Platforms have grown in importance as product developing companies strive to be competitive by simultaneously increasing product variants and lowering internal costs. Sometimes platforms have been beneficial but in other cases they have not been. The questions are why is this so and how can we evaluate platforms in general. Furthermore, it is of interest for companies to be able to take general strategic action plans to improve the performance of their platforms. Numerous platform definitions exist, ranging in context and scope. Due to their diverse nature, platforms are difficult to interpret, discuss, and evaluate. We define a platform as a set of core assets that are reused to achieve a competitive advantage. The term is arguably broad, but we find that it has the advantage of capturing a company's variety of reused heterogenic assets that are in effect the core enablers of competitive advantage for the company In the paper we propose a framework for a discussion-based evaluation method for platforms. Such a method would serve as a support tool for stakeholder to quickly comprehend the nature of the diverse platforms used in a company, and so make better decisions on explicit strategic action plans for each individual platform.
With the increasing demand for renewable energy sources in the past years, the interest in expand... more With the increasing demand for renewable energy sources in the past years, the interest in expanding the use of wind energy has grown. The next frontier in this expansion process is the use of floating wind turbines offshore. One of the main factors dictating the economic feasibility of such wind turbines is the complexity of their installation process. The dimensions of modern offshore wind turbines, the distance from the installation sites to the coast and demanding environmental factors all contribute to the difficult of developing an efficient installation concept for this kind of structures. In this work, we present a new concept for a catamaran vessel capable of handling the deployment of offshore wind turbines on floating spar platforms using a low-height lifting system that connects to the lower end of the wind turbine. The low-height lifting system is controlled by an active heave compensation system and constant tension tugger wires attached to the turbine mid-section are used to ensure the balance of the tower during the installation process. We conducted a series of hydrodynamic analysis using the software suit SIMA to study the dynamic response of the proposed system under different weather conditions and different operational layouts. This preliminary concept was proven feasible from a hydrodynamic point of view and can now be pushed forward for further studies regarding other aspects of the operation, such as impact and structural loads and mechanical design of components.
2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
ECMS 2021 Proceedings edited by Khalid Al-Begain, Mauro Iacono, Lelio Campanile, Andrzej Bargiela
Real-time digital twins of ships in operation find many applications such as predictive maintenan... more Real-time digital twins of ships in operation find many applications such as predictive maintenance, climbing the ladders of ship autonomy, and offshore operational excellence. The literature describes a focus on digital twinning of individual equipment such as navigation, propulsion, engine and power system, or crane. Yet, digital twinning and virtual prototyping for offshore operations are in their infancy and the onboard digitisation hardware and the telecommunication infrastructure are becoming accessible and affordable. Previous work has failed to address the need for building a holistic model and thus contextualising the equipment with the state of the whole vessel. A prototype of an online digital twin of a research vessel is proposed, its architecture described and its suitability for virtual prototyping demonstrated in a remote control centre. The study shows a viable proof of concept for remote monitoring and crew assistance in nominal and contingency response for offshore...
Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings, 2018
For safety-critical marine operations, the dynamically positioned (DP) vessel should maintain a p... more For safety-critical marine operations, the dynamically positioned (DP) vessel should maintain a predetermined heading and position for varying environmental conditions using the thrusters. Studying the effect of each thruster to the capability of DP vessels is significance but challenging. This paper presents a data-driven and variance-based sensitivity analysis (SA) approach that can dig into the ship sensor data to estimate the influence of each thruster for DP operations. Considering high-computational cost of variance-based SA, an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM)-based SA is proposed. To apply the SA to sensor data, an ANN is built and trained on the basis of ship sensor data and then employed as a surrogate model to generate Monte Carlo (MC) samples. A benchmark test shows the correctness of the proposed approach. A case study of SA in DP operation is conducted and the experimental results show that the proposed approach can rank and identify the most sensitive factors. The proposed approach highlights the application of variance-based SA in data-driven modeling for ship intelligence.
2016 IEEE 13th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), 2016
In this paper, an FPGA based SAR extended object simulator is presented focused on backscattering... more In this paper, an FPGA based SAR extended object simulator is presented focused on backscattering coefficients computing. It is aimed to be used for hardware-in-the-loop SAR raw signal simulation with applications in UAV or other platforms SAR sensors test and assessment. This simulator is based on geometrical optics (GO) model and can work in real time. The GO algorithm is analyzed and implemented with multiple processing units in FPGA. Arithmetic units are optimized to decrease the FPGA resource cost. The design is implemented on a FPGA board and verified with initial test results.
IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 2021
In the last decade researchers have increasingly considered eye tracking of the operators of cars... more In the last decade researchers have increasingly considered eye tracking of the operators of cars and airplanes as a means to address human error and evaluate operational effectiveness. This article presents a systematic survey of recently published papers about this approach in service to the question as to whether eye tracking can be used to address operational safety in marine operations. The surveyed papers are selected systematically and were categorized according to several defined characteristics. Eye tracking depends on defining operators' areas of interest (AOIs) and measuring operators focus on them over time. We identified the method of defining AOIs as a key distinction between studies; the papers fell into four categories, depending on whether researchers relied on an expert, based it on the stimulus itself, or used an attention map or a clustering algorithm to define the AOIs they used. The article also summarizes and analyzes the design and procedure of the eye-tracking experiments in the papers. Based on the features of marine operation, instruction on AOI definition in different scenarios is extracted; guidelines on experimental design and procedure selection are provided. In the article's conclusion we apply the results to a case study of a heavy-lifting operation to demonstrate the effectiveness of eye-tracking in marine operations. Index Terms-Area of interest (AOI) definition method, automobile and aviation, eye tracking, knowledge transfer, marine operation. I. INTRODUCTION E YE tracking is a sensor technology that captures human eye behavior. It has been widely used to gain insight about automobile operation [1], [2], aviation [3], [4], web searching [5], reading [6], drawing [7], medical surgery [8], energy [9], mining [10], offshore [11], and the effect of depictions of healthy and unhealthy foods on children [12]. Among these, automobile and aviation are the two frequently studied fields with a wide
ArXiv, 2020
This paper focuses on remote-control and autonomous vessels from a sociological perspective. We r... more This paper focuses on remote-control and autonomous vessels from a sociological perspective. We report that if CSCW research aims to shed light on other disciplines, researchers should be reflexive insider that first position themselves in such disciplines. Through reflexive practice, CSCW researchers could connect communities of practice, thus narrowing the distance between design and engineering.
Assessment of maritime training has been a growth in collaborations between nautical instructors ... more Assessment of maritime training has been a growth in collaborations between nautical instructors and researchers in marine operations. Through a qualitative study and using eye tracking data, this paper presents a case study wherein the relations between communications and visual focus in dynamic positioning (DP) operations in maritime operations are examined. We investigated how communication and visual focus are related to DP operations in a team of marine operators. The results show that communications and visual focus do affect marine operations in the consistency, conciseness and maximum effect of communication skills through two rules—(1) the effectiveness of communications and visual information from eyes, (2) the goldfish memory skills for communications.
Integrating a number of products into an all-in-one artefact is a common form of innovation. The ... more Integrating a number of products into an all-in-one artefact is a common form of innovation. The integrated products can finally meet diverse customers’ needs, adapt to changes in the task or environment, or improve performance. Very often, the expansion of functionality achieved by the integrated products is accomplished with multiple modes, which enable the product to operate in various configuration states. This paper investigates the phenomena and significance of having multiple modes in regard to product family design and platform-based product development. As a revision of product architecture, the authors claim that modes indicate different clusters of functions and modules at different times. More intrinsically, the modes are seen as a product or system divided by time. Multi-modal products promote innovative and efficient design by actively reallocating system resources. As an example, the design of a dual-mode swimming climbing underwater robot is examined to verify the as...
A few studies in the maritime domain utilize participatory design (PD) in ship design workshops, ... more A few studies in the maritime domain utilize participatory design (PD) in ship design workshops, however, none of them addresses a full picture of how PD can make changes in simulation-based maritime education. In this reflection paper, we answer how PD can help to foresight future skills in the maritime domain, especially on how to use simulators to support increasing competence of seafarers and in turn to redesign simulators to support maritime education. In this paper, we aim to uplift the experimental skills of current debate from normal science to a socially embedded marine technology, addressing collaborative and innovative research activities, to enable all participants (seafarers, trainers, technicians, authorities etc.) to share their experiences so a joint recognition of needed future skills can be reached. Along with the exchange of experiences, we assert that the supported simulations and simulator techniques could be designed to achieve sustainable growth for all partic...
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Papers by Hans Petter Hildre