Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 2014
This study examines the lifestyle and gender effects of Chinese students in Korea on the Korean a... more This study examines the lifestyle and gender effects of Chinese students in Korea on the Korean apparel brand experience. In addition, this study explores the effect of various brand experiences on attitudes toward Korean apparel brands. This study targets 355 Chinese university students who live in Korea. The results show that a Chinese students' lifestyle consists of four factors: adventure-seeking, sociability, individualism, and materialism. Brand experience consists of five different experiences: cognitive, affective, relational, sensory, and behavioral experience. Adventure-seeking lifestyle affects all five brand experiences and sociability influences sensory and relational experience. Individualism influences relational and behavioral experience; however, materialism affects four brand experiences (except sensory experience). Female students indicate a higher level of brand experience (except relational experience than) male students. Finally, three brand experiences (affective, sensory, and relational experience) impact brand attitude. Theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed along with limitations and future research directions.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Jan 18, 2015
Drug toxicity is a key issue for drug R&D, a fundamental challenge of which is to screen for the ... more Drug toxicity is a key issue for drug R&D, a fundamental challenge of which is to screen for the targets genome-wide. The anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is known to induce cardiotoxicity. Here, to understand the molecular insights of cardiotoxicity by sunitinib at the genome level, we used a genome-wide drug target screening technology (GPScreen) that measures drug-induced haploinsufficiency (DIH) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome-wide deletion library and found a mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POG1). In the results, sunitinib induced more severe cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in POG1-deleted heterozygous mutants compared to wild type (WT) of S. pombe. Furthermore, knockdown of the human ortholog POLG of S. pombe POG1 in human cells significantly increased the cytotoxicity of sunitinib. Notably, sunitinib dramatically decreased the levels of POLG mRNAs and proteins, of which downregulation was already known to induce mitochondrial damage of ...
A firm's termination generates bankruptcy costs. This may create incentives for a firm's ... more A firm's termination generates bankruptcy costs. This may create incentives for a firm's owner to bail out a firm in bankruptcy and to curb the firm's risk taking outside bankruptcy. We analyze the role of such implicit guarantees in the context of financial institutions that own money market mutual funds. Our identification strategy exploits a large, exogenous expansion in risk-taking opportunities of money market funds during the period of August 2007 to August 2008. We find that a fund's response to the expansion depends on its owner's ability to provide implicit guarantees: funds owned by financial institutions with higher tangible equity take on less risk than those owned by financial institutions with lower tangible equity. Moreover, fund owners with higher tangible equity are more likely to provide financial support to their funds during a market-wide run in September 2008. The difference in risk taking disappears once implicit guarantees by fund owners ar...
Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of cancer chemot... more Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, their effects on multidrug resistance (MDR) are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether HDAC inhibitors overcome MDR phenotype. HDAC inhibitors suppress the growth of both MDR positive cancer cells KBV20C and its parental cells KB with similar potencies. In parallel, histone acetylation and p21WAF1 expression by the HDAC inhibitors were similarly increased in both cell types, indicating that these HDAC inhibitors are poor substrates of ABC drug transporters and effective in MDR cancer cells. In addition, multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) expression is selectively attenuated by HDAC inhibitors, especially SAHA and TSA, in KBV20C cells, whereas MDR1 and BCRP expressions are not affected. This downregulation of MRP2 contributes to increase in paclitaxel-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis, which might be due to intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel....
Sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) controls mammalian cell cycle. Here we d... more Sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) controls mammalian cell cycle. Here we demonstrate that the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity coincides with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of the dominant negative Cdk2 (Cdk2-dn) and a specific Cdk2 inhibitor, p21 WAF1/CIP1 , effectively suppresses the loss of MMP, the release of cytochrome c, and subsequent activation of caspase-3 in paclitaxel-treated cells. Whereas forced activation of Cdk2 by overexpression of cyclin A dramatically promotes these events. We further show that Cdk2 activation status does not interfere with a procedure that lies downstream of cytochrome c release induced by Bax protein. These findings suggest that Cdk2 kinase can regulate apoptosis at earlier stages than mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome c release.
Background and Objectives: To prevent getting wrong information and improve high quality of life,... more Background and Objectives: To prevent getting wrong information and improve high quality of life, it is necessary to provide accurate information and patient education. This study aimed to collect basic data and develop educational program for thyroid cancer patient by understanding their educational needs. Materials and Methods: Between April 16 and June 15, 2012, 159 patients who underwent thyroid cancer surgery were enrolled. This survey consisted of 5 areas including management of the symptom and the complication after surgery, postoperative wound and dietary management, treatment plan after discharge, medication management, and daily life. Results: The most common way for the patients to acquire information about the disease was Internet and the patients who used INTERNET as their information source were 54.7%. Doctors (76.1%) and nurses (21.4%) were the preferred educators for the patients, and small group education was the preferred education method. Specifically the need for "management of the symptom and the complication after surgery" was the highest (3.33), followed by "treatment plan after discharge" (3.31), "medication management" (3.19), "postoperative wound and dietary management" (3.17). Conclusion: Medical team including doctors and nurses should be the center to activate small group education for patients. Professional and individualized education program should be developed to give the proper education to patients and their family.
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common benign neuroendocrine tumor; however, the incidence and propor... more Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common benign neuroendocrine tumor; however, the incidence and proportion of hormone-producing PAs in Korean patients remain unknown. Authors analyzed 506 surgically resected and pathologically proven pituitary lesions of the Seoul National University Hospital from 2006 to 2011. The lesions were categorized as: PAs (n = 422, 83.4%), Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) (n = 54, 10.6%), inflammatory lesions (n = 8, 1.6%), meningiomas (n = 4), craniopharyngiomas (n = 4), granular cell tumors (n = 1), metastatic renal cell carcinomas (n = 2), germinomas (n = 1), ependymomas (n = 1), and unsatisfactory specimens (n = 9, 1.8%). PAs were slightly more prevalent in women (M: F = 1:1.17) with a mean age of 48.8 yr (9-80 yr). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that prolactin-producing PAs (16.6%) and growth hormone-producing adenomas (9.2%) were the most common functional PAs. Plurihormonal PAs and nonfunctioning (null cell) adenomas were found in 14.9% and 42.4% of patients with PAs, respectively. The recurrence rate of PAs was 11.1%, but nearly 0% for the remaining benign lesions such as RCCs. 25.4% of patients with PAs were treated by gamma-knife after surgery due to residual tumors or regrowth of residual tumor. In conclusion, the pituitary lesions and the proportions of hormone-producing PAs in Korean patients are similar to those of previous reports except nonfunctioning (null cell) PAs, which are unusually frequent.
Background/Purpose: Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) is an autoinflammator... more Background/Purpose: Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, chronic urticarial rash, CNS manifestations, elevated acute phase reactants, and arthropathy. About 50% of patients with NOMID have de novo missense mutations in NLRP3/ CIAS1, leading to constitutive inflammasome activation and IL-1 production in monocytes, and caspase-1 mediated persistence of osteoblast progenitor cells that are also found in other fibroblastoid tumors (1). Poorly differentiated chondrocytes are seen with abnormal enchondral bone formation without inflammatory cells in NOMID arthropathy with bony overgrowth and premature fusion of physis. While blocking IL-1 with anakinra reduces organ-specific (central nervous system, inner ear, eye) and systemic inflammation (fever, rash, acute phase reactants), it has little effect on preexisting bone lesions. Methods: NOMID individuals with at least 5 months of follow up data (clinical, laboratory, and radiographic) on IL-1 blocking treatment were included for review. Results: 18 (36.7%) of the NOMID patients (n ϭ 49; 21 male/28 female; age at study entry: 9.4 yo, 0.8-46.3 yo; duration of follow-up: 4.6 yrs, 0.4-9.5 yrs) had bony involvement, most commonly the knee (16/49 ϭ 32.7%, 12/49 ϭ 24.5% with patellar involvement). 11/49 (22.4%) had multi-joint involvement, typically asymmetric, including 4 elbows, 5 wrists, 6 ankles, 3 shoulders, and 2 hips. Ongoing abnormal enchondral bone formation continues until physeal fusion, which often occurs prematurely at involved sites, despite ana
Nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-MS-MS... more Nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-MS-MS) was used for the first time in a comprehensive analysis of human urinary phospholipids (PL). PL mixtures from human urine were separated with a reversed phase LC capillary column coupled to ESI-MS-MS. This study used the dual scan method in which two consecutive LC-ESI-MS-MS runs were done in both positive ion mode to detect phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and in negative ion mode to detect phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). We focused on identifying the maximum number of PLs from a healthy human urine sample by varying the extracted volume of urine along with the evaluation of extraction efficiency for urinary PLs. We found that 22 PCs, 14 PEs, 15 PIs, 13 PSs, 7 PAs, and 4 PGs were identified during nLC-ESI-MS-MS when phospholipids in urine were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The efficiency of lipid extraction by ultracentrifugation versus lyophilization was evaluated by reducing the initial urine volume. We found that lyophilization was more efficient than ultracentrifugation for extracting lipids from small volumes (1 mL) of urine.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is widely used as a ... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is widely used as a medicinal herb for treatment of skin diseases such as eczema, pruritus and urticaria in China, Japan and Korea. Materials and methods: We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., root bark (MEDD) on ear thickness, ear weights, histopathological changes such as hyperplasia, edema, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration and cytokine productions in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) mice. We also investigated its effects on degranulation of histamine and β-hexosaminidase and related mechanisms using RBL-2H3 cells. Results: Topical application of MEDD effectively inhibited enlargement of ear thickness and weight (P o0.05). MEDD treatment also inhibited hyperplasia, edema and spongiosis induced by DNFB. Treatment with 300 μg/ear of MEDD suppressed the increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α levels (P o0.05). In addition, treatment with 450 μg/mL MEDD reduced the level of β-hexosaminidase release, while 4100 μg/mL MEDD lowered the level of histamine release in a dose-dependent manner (Po 0.05). Finally, MEDD treatment prevented phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187 in RBL-2H3 cells. Conclusions: These data indicate that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. has the potential for use in the treatment of allergic skin diseases. Furthermore, they suggest that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is involved in decreasing degranulation of MCs via inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway as well as in the inhibition of Th1 skewing reactions.
Olfactory receptor cell (ORC) axons terminate in the olfactory bulb glomerular neuropil, where th... more Olfactory receptor cell (ORC) axons terminate in the olfactory bulb glomerular neuropil, where they synapse with dendrites of mitral, tufted, and periglomerular neurons. We investigated the organization of the glomerular neuropil by using antibodies to both single- and double-label constituents for analyses with confocal microscopy. Electron microscopy (EM) was employed to assess the distribution of synaptic appositions within the glomerulus. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were processed for immunocytochemistry with olfactory marker protein (OMP), synaptophysin, synapsin 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and/or microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). Equivalent rats were processed for transmission EM. Double labeling for OMP and MAP2 revealed two distinctive subcompartments within glomeruli: an axonal compartment containing predominately primary afferent axons with individual dendritic inserts and a complementary dendritic compartment that excluded primary afferent axons. Areas not occupied by OMP or MAP2 immunoreactivity were either immunoreactive for GFAP, indicating a glial process, or were blood vessels. Synaptophysin and synapsin 1 also showed differential labeling within the glomerulus. Synaptophysin strongly colocalized with OMP, whereas synapsin 1 was associated most strongly with MAP2. Reconstructions of glomeruli from EM montages revealed interdigitating axonal and dendritic subcompartments. The axonal subcompartments were composed primarily of ORC processes with individual or small groups of dendrites interspersed. Dendritic subcompartments were composed predominately of dendritic processes. Primary afferent axodendritic and local-circuit dendrodendritic synapses segregated within the glomerulus into the axonal and dendritic subcompartments, respectively. The results support the hypothesis of subcompartmental organization within olfactory bulb glomeruli.
Quantitative analysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was carried o... more Quantitative analysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was carried out using a steatosis/fibrosis model of rat livers, which were induced by a chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4). Intact phospholipid mixtures from each liver sample (from rats fed with 0.5 mL CCl 4 /kg three times a week for 30, 60, and 90 days) were analyzed by nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nLC/ESI/MS/MS), and identifications of 37 PC and 19 PE species were made by collision-induced dissociation. The quantitative analysis utilized a multiple standard addition method with an internal standard, and the relationship between the MS peak intensities of different PC species and their carbon chain length was included for calibration. It was found that the total amount of PC and PE species decreased significantly with administration of CCl 4. While concentrations of most PC and PE species decreased to a great extent, three PEs and seven PCs were up-regulated more than twofold.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ is known to be expressed ubiquitously and invo... more Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ is known to be expressed ubiquitously and involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPARδ is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and plays a potential role in endothelial survival and proliferation. Although PPARα and PPARγ are well recognized to play anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic roles in ECs, the general effect of PPARδ on angiogenesis in ECs remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effect of the PPARδ ligand L-165041 on vascular EC proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro as well as in vivo. Our data show that L-165041 inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation and migration in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). L-165041 also inhibited angiogenesis in the Matrigel plug assay and aortic ring assay. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that L-165041 reduced the number of ECs in the S phase and the expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclin A, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4; phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein was suppressed by pretreatment with L-165041. We confirmed whether these antiangiogenic effects of L-165041 were PPARδ-dependent using GW501516 and PPARδ siRNA. GW501516 treatment did not inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis, and transfection of PPARδ siRNA did not reverse this antiangiogenic effect of L-165041, suggesting that the antiangiogenic effect of L-165041 on ECs is PPARδ-independent. Together, these data indicate that the PPARδ ligand L-165041 inhibits VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis by suppressing the cell cycle progression independently of PPARδ. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of L-165041 in the treatment of many disorders related to pathological angiogenesis.
Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles, 2014
This study examines the lifestyle and gender effects of Chinese students in Korea on the Korean a... more This study examines the lifestyle and gender effects of Chinese students in Korea on the Korean apparel brand experience. In addition, this study explores the effect of various brand experiences on attitudes toward Korean apparel brands. This study targets 355 Chinese university students who live in Korea. The results show that a Chinese students' lifestyle consists of four factors: adventure-seeking, sociability, individualism, and materialism. Brand experience consists of five different experiences: cognitive, affective, relational, sensory, and behavioral experience. Adventure-seeking lifestyle affects all five brand experiences and sociability influences sensory and relational experience. Individualism influences relational and behavioral experience; however, materialism affects four brand experiences (except sensory experience). Female students indicate a higher level of brand experience (except relational experience than) male students. Finally, three brand experiences (affective, sensory, and relational experience) impact brand attitude. Theoretical and managerial implications of the results are discussed along with limitations and future research directions.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, Jan 18, 2015
Drug toxicity is a key issue for drug R&D, a fundamental challenge of which is to screen for the ... more Drug toxicity is a key issue for drug R&D, a fundamental challenge of which is to screen for the targets genome-wide. The anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib is known to induce cardiotoxicity. Here, to understand the molecular insights of cardiotoxicity by sunitinib at the genome level, we used a genome-wide drug target screening technology (GPScreen) that measures drug-induced haploinsufficiency (DIH) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome-wide deletion library and found a mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POG1). In the results, sunitinib induced more severe cytotoxicity and mitochondrial damage in POG1-deleted heterozygous mutants compared to wild type (WT) of S. pombe. Furthermore, knockdown of the human ortholog POLG of S. pombe POG1 in human cells significantly increased the cytotoxicity of sunitinib. Notably, sunitinib dramatically decreased the levels of POLG mRNAs and proteins, of which downregulation was already known to induce mitochondrial damage of ...
A firm's termination generates bankruptcy costs. This may create incentives for a firm's ... more A firm's termination generates bankruptcy costs. This may create incentives for a firm's owner to bail out a firm in bankruptcy and to curb the firm's risk taking outside bankruptcy. We analyze the role of such implicit guarantees in the context of financial institutions that own money market mutual funds. Our identification strategy exploits a large, exogenous expansion in risk-taking opportunities of money market funds during the period of August 2007 to August 2008. We find that a fund's response to the expansion depends on its owner's ability to provide implicit guarantees: funds owned by financial institutions with higher tangible equity take on less risk than those owned by financial institutions with lower tangible equity. Moreover, fund owners with higher tangible equity are more likely to provide financial support to their funds during a market-wide run in September 2008. The difference in risk taking disappears once implicit guarantees by fund owners ar...
Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of cancer chemot... more Although histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as a promising class of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, their effects on multidrug resistance (MDR) are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether HDAC inhibitors overcome MDR phenotype. HDAC inhibitors suppress the growth of both MDR positive cancer cells KBV20C and its parental cells KB with similar potencies. In parallel, histone acetylation and p21WAF1 expression by the HDAC inhibitors were similarly increased in both cell types, indicating that these HDAC inhibitors are poor substrates of ABC drug transporters and effective in MDR cancer cells. In addition, multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) expression is selectively attenuated by HDAC inhibitors, especially SAHA and TSA, in KBV20C cells, whereas MDR1 and BCRP expressions are not affected. This downregulation of MRP2 contributes to increase in paclitaxel-induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis, which might be due to intracellular accumulation of paclitaxel....
Sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) controls mammalian cell cycle. Here we d... more Sequential activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) controls mammalian cell cycle. Here we demonstrate that the upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) activity coincides with the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of the dominant negative Cdk2 (Cdk2-dn) and a specific Cdk2 inhibitor, p21 WAF1/CIP1 , effectively suppresses the loss of MMP, the release of cytochrome c, and subsequent activation of caspase-3 in paclitaxel-treated cells. Whereas forced activation of Cdk2 by overexpression of cyclin A dramatically promotes these events. We further show that Cdk2 activation status does not interfere with a procedure that lies downstream of cytochrome c release induced by Bax protein. These findings suggest that Cdk2 kinase can regulate apoptosis at earlier stages than mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome c release.
Background and Objectives: To prevent getting wrong information and improve high quality of life,... more Background and Objectives: To prevent getting wrong information and improve high quality of life, it is necessary to provide accurate information and patient education. This study aimed to collect basic data and develop educational program for thyroid cancer patient by understanding their educational needs. Materials and Methods: Between April 16 and June 15, 2012, 159 patients who underwent thyroid cancer surgery were enrolled. This survey consisted of 5 areas including management of the symptom and the complication after surgery, postoperative wound and dietary management, treatment plan after discharge, medication management, and daily life. Results: The most common way for the patients to acquire information about the disease was Internet and the patients who used INTERNET as their information source were 54.7%. Doctors (76.1%) and nurses (21.4%) were the preferred educators for the patients, and small group education was the preferred education method. Specifically the need for "management of the symptom and the complication after surgery" was the highest (3.33), followed by "treatment plan after discharge" (3.31), "medication management" (3.19), "postoperative wound and dietary management" (3.17). Conclusion: Medical team including doctors and nurses should be the center to activate small group education for patients. Professional and individualized education program should be developed to give the proper education to patients and their family.
Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common benign neuroendocrine tumor; however, the incidence and propor... more Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common benign neuroendocrine tumor; however, the incidence and proportion of hormone-producing PAs in Korean patients remain unknown. Authors analyzed 506 surgically resected and pathologically proven pituitary lesions of the Seoul National University Hospital from 2006 to 2011. The lesions were categorized as: PAs (n = 422, 83.4%), Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) (n = 54, 10.6%), inflammatory lesions (n = 8, 1.6%), meningiomas (n = 4), craniopharyngiomas (n = 4), granular cell tumors (n = 1), metastatic renal cell carcinomas (n = 2), germinomas (n = 1), ependymomas (n = 1), and unsatisfactory specimens (n = 9, 1.8%). PAs were slightly more prevalent in women (M: F = 1:1.17) with a mean age of 48.8 yr (9-80 yr). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that prolactin-producing PAs (16.6%) and growth hormone-producing adenomas (9.2%) were the most common functional PAs. Plurihormonal PAs and nonfunctioning (null cell) adenomas were found in 14.9% and 42.4% of patients with PAs, respectively. The recurrence rate of PAs was 11.1%, but nearly 0% for the remaining benign lesions such as RCCs. 25.4% of patients with PAs were treated by gamma-knife after surgery due to residual tumors or regrowth of residual tumor. In conclusion, the pituitary lesions and the proportions of hormone-producing PAs in Korean patients are similar to those of previous reports except nonfunctioning (null cell) PAs, which are unusually frequent.
Background/Purpose: Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) is an autoinflammator... more Background/Purpose: Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) is an autoinflammatory disease characterized by fever, chronic urticarial rash, CNS manifestations, elevated acute phase reactants, and arthropathy. About 50% of patients with NOMID have de novo missense mutations in NLRP3/ CIAS1, leading to constitutive inflammasome activation and IL-1 production in monocytes, and caspase-1 mediated persistence of osteoblast progenitor cells that are also found in other fibroblastoid tumors (1). Poorly differentiated chondrocytes are seen with abnormal enchondral bone formation without inflammatory cells in NOMID arthropathy with bony overgrowth and premature fusion of physis. While blocking IL-1 with anakinra reduces organ-specific (central nervous system, inner ear, eye) and systemic inflammation (fever, rash, acute phase reactants), it has little effect on preexisting bone lesions. Methods: NOMID individuals with at least 5 months of follow up data (clinical, laboratory, and radiographic) on IL-1 blocking treatment were included for review. Results: 18 (36.7%) of the NOMID patients (n ϭ 49; 21 male/28 female; age at study entry: 9.4 yo, 0.8-46.3 yo; duration of follow-up: 4.6 yrs, 0.4-9.5 yrs) had bony involvement, most commonly the knee (16/49 ϭ 32.7%, 12/49 ϭ 24.5% with patellar involvement). 11/49 (22.4%) had multi-joint involvement, typically asymmetric, including 4 elbows, 5 wrists, 6 ankles, 3 shoulders, and 2 hips. Ongoing abnormal enchondral bone formation continues until physeal fusion, which often occurs prematurely at involved sites, despite ana
Nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-MS-MS... more Nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-MS-MS) was used for the first time in a comprehensive analysis of human urinary phospholipids (PL). PL mixtures from human urine were separated with a reversed phase LC capillary column coupled to ESI-MS-MS. This study used the dual scan method in which two consecutive LC-ESI-MS-MS runs were done in both positive ion mode to detect phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and in negative ion mode to detect phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). We focused on identifying the maximum number of PLs from a healthy human urine sample by varying the extracted volume of urine along with the evaluation of extraction efficiency for urinary PLs. We found that 22 PCs, 14 PEs, 15 PIs, 13 PSs, 7 PAs, and 4 PGs were identified during nLC-ESI-MS-MS when phospholipids in urine were extracted by ultracentrifugation. The efficiency of lipid extraction by ultracentrifugation versus lyophilization was evaluated by reducing the initial urine volume. We found that lyophilization was more efficient than ultracentrifugation for extracting lipids from small volumes (1 mL) of urine.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is widely used as a ... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: The root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is widely used as a medicinal herb for treatment of skin diseases such as eczema, pruritus and urticaria in China, Japan and Korea. Materials and methods: We investigated the effects of methanol extract of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz., root bark (MEDD) on ear thickness, ear weights, histopathological changes such as hyperplasia, edema, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration and cytokine productions in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis (CD) mice. We also investigated its effects on degranulation of histamine and β-hexosaminidase and related mechanisms using RBL-2H3 cells. Results: Topical application of MEDD effectively inhibited enlargement of ear thickness and weight (P o0.05). MEDD treatment also inhibited hyperplasia, edema and spongiosis induced by DNFB. Treatment with 300 μg/ear of MEDD suppressed the increase in IFN-γ and TNF-α levels (P o0.05). In addition, treatment with 450 μg/mL MEDD reduced the level of β-hexosaminidase release, while 4100 μg/mL MEDD lowered the level of histamine release in a dose-dependent manner (Po 0.05). Finally, MEDD treatment prevented phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187 in RBL-2H3 cells. Conclusions: These data indicate that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. has the potential for use in the treatment of allergic skin diseases. Furthermore, they suggest that root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. is involved in decreasing degranulation of MCs via inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway as well as in the inhibition of Th1 skewing reactions.
Olfactory receptor cell (ORC) axons terminate in the olfactory bulb glomerular neuropil, where th... more Olfactory receptor cell (ORC) axons terminate in the olfactory bulb glomerular neuropil, where they synapse with dendrites of mitral, tufted, and periglomerular neurons. We investigated the organization of the glomerular neuropil by using antibodies to both single- and double-label constituents for analyses with confocal microscopy. Electron microscopy (EM) was employed to assess the distribution of synaptic appositions within the glomerulus. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were processed for immunocytochemistry with olfactory marker protein (OMP), synaptophysin, synapsin 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and/or microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2). Equivalent rats were processed for transmission EM. Double labeling for OMP and MAP2 revealed two distinctive subcompartments within glomeruli: an axonal compartment containing predominately primary afferent axons with individual dendritic inserts and a complementary dendritic compartment that excluded primary afferent axons. Areas not occupied by OMP or MAP2 immunoreactivity were either immunoreactive for GFAP, indicating a glial process, or were blood vessels. Synaptophysin and synapsin 1 also showed differential labeling within the glomerulus. Synaptophysin strongly colocalized with OMP, whereas synapsin 1 was associated most strongly with MAP2. Reconstructions of glomeruli from EM montages revealed interdigitating axonal and dendritic subcompartments. The axonal subcompartments were composed primarily of ORC processes with individual or small groups of dendrites interspersed. Dendritic subcompartments were composed predominately of dendritic processes. Primary afferent axodendritic and local-circuit dendrodendritic synapses segregated within the glomerulus into the axonal and dendritic subcompartments, respectively. The results support the hypothesis of subcompartmental organization within olfactory bulb glomeruli.
Quantitative analysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was carried o... more Quantitative analysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was carried out using a steatosis/fibrosis model of rat livers, which were induced by a chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4). Intact phospholipid mixtures from each liver sample (from rats fed with 0.5 mL CCl 4 /kg three times a week for 30, 60, and 90 days) were analyzed by nanoflow liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nLC/ESI/MS/MS), and identifications of 37 PC and 19 PE species were made by collision-induced dissociation. The quantitative analysis utilized a multiple standard addition method with an internal standard, and the relationship between the MS peak intensities of different PC species and their carbon chain length was included for calibration. It was found that the total amount of PC and PE species decreased significantly with administration of CCl 4. While concentrations of most PC and PE species decreased to a great extent, three PEs and seven PCs were up-regulated more than twofold.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ is known to be expressed ubiquitously and invo... more Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ is known to be expressed ubiquitously and involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Recent studies have demonstrated that PPARδ is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and plays a potential role in endothelial survival and proliferation. Although PPARα and PPARγ are well recognized to play anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenic roles in ECs, the general effect of PPARδ on angiogenesis in ECs remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effect of the PPARδ ligand L-165041 on vascular EC proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro as well as in vivo. Our data show that L-165041 inhibited VEGF-induced cell proliferation and migration in human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). L-165041 also inhibited angiogenesis in the Matrigel plug assay and aortic ring assay. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that L-165041 reduced the number of ECs in the S phase and the expression levels of cell cycle regulatory proteins such as cyclin A, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4; phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein was suppressed by pretreatment with L-165041. We confirmed whether these antiangiogenic effects of L-165041 were PPARδ-dependent using GW501516 and PPARδ siRNA. GW501516 treatment did not inhibit VEGF-induced angiogenesis, and transfection of PPARδ siRNA did not reverse this antiangiogenic effect of L-165041, suggesting that the antiangiogenic effect of L-165041 on ECs is PPARδ-independent. Together, these data indicate that the PPARδ ligand L-165041 inhibits VEGF-stimulated angiogenesis by suppressing the cell cycle progression independently of PPARδ. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of L-165041 in the treatment of many disorders related to pathological angiogenesis.
Uploads
Papers by Hanna Kim