Recent studies have indicated the profound anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's
compounds, among ... more Recent studies have indicated the profound anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's compounds, among which; arteether is an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin with an endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells. An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of Arteether on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Briefly, 6mg/kg/day of Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured using digital verniercallipers. Mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were harvested for lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-+ cytokines, and the percentage of splenic T regulatory cells were measured. According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with respect to the level of IFN-+, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate. In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective antitumor agents.
MicroRNA-34 is involved in pathogenesis in cancer by targeting different tumor-related genes. It ... more MicroRNA-34 is involved in pathogenesis in cancer by targeting different tumor-related genes. It could be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer. In addition, miR-34 is involved in the tumor angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanismof the miR-34 in cancer and tumor angiogenesis will open horizons for development of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis drugs.
Cancer immune-therapy is an interesting avenue
of studying the effects of deviating immune system... more Cancer immune-therapy is an interesting avenue of studying the effects of deviating immune system responses to achieve the desired result. Lactobacilli are inhabitants of the GI tract which have shown beneficial health effects on various ailments including malignancies. Their mechanisms of action comprise a very intense area of research. In this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus in in vivo model of breast cancer. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.a) was isolated from traditional home-made yogurt and also from neonatal stool by aerobic overnight culture at 37°C in MRS broth. Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) assay was performed to find the best immunostimulant dose. 4T1 tumour bearing mice were treated with 2×108 cfu of isolated L. acidophilus and 20 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide for 15 consecutive days. Tumour volume was measured using a digital vernier calliper. Lymphocyte proliferation was done using MTT proliferation assay. Production of IFNγ, IL-4 and TGF-β from cultured Splenocytes was assessed in the presence of purified tumour antigen. According to results administration of L.a induced a significant decrease in tumour growth pattern (P value00.00). Significant alterations in splenocyte production of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGf-β (P values<0.05) and also lymphocyte proliferation in L.a treated animals was evident (P value<0.05). This study indicated that oral administration of L.a is able to alter the cytokine production in tumour bearing mice into a Th1 protective pattern, favourable to anti tumour immunity. Reduced tumour growth rate and increased lymphocyte proliferation are also thus supportive. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanism by which local actions of probiotics affect the systemic immune responses against transformed cells.
Altered expression of the microRNA-34 family has been determined to be involved in the pathogenes... more Altered expression of the microRNA-34 family has been determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. In this review, the current knowledge of the cancer-related mechanisms in relation to the modulatory effects of microRNA-34 family were analysed. Expression analysis of the microRNA-34 family has suggested that its members play significant roles in many aspects of cancer biology including proliferation, invasion/metastasis, apoptosis/cell survival, cell cycle/cell growth, migration, senescence/aging, angiogenesis, epigenetic silencing and methylation by regulation of the expression of their target genes. Thus, microRNA-34 family members could act as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in human cancers.
Chemo-immunotherapy is one of the new achievements for treatment of
cancer, by which the success ... more Chemo-immunotherapy is one of the new achievements for treatment of cancer, by which the success of anti-cancer therapy can be increased. In vitro studies have been shown that Arteether (ARE) induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of Arteether in-vivo and in-vitro. Methods: In this study, we used MTT assay for evaluation of cytotoxicity of Arteether on tumor cell line and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals. Balb/c mice were subcutaneously transplanted with tumor tissue taken from Spontaneous Mouse Mammary Tumor (SMMT) bearing female mice. Arteether was administered to breast tumor-bearing Balb/c mice at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Tumor sizes, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines production, and the percentage of splenic T-reg cells were measured. Results: We observed that ARE could reduce the cell growth of 4T1 cell line in a dose-dependent manner but it had no cytotoxic effect on the growth of peripheral blood lymphocytes. ARE administered intraperitoneally to tumor-bearing Balb/c mice could reduce the tumor growth rate and splenic T-reg cells. No difference in the IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 production was observed between tumor antigenstimulated splenocytes of mice treated with ARE and control mice. Conclusion: These results underscore antitumor properties of Arteether that may aid in development of more effective antitumor agents
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the most heritable
complex disorders.[1,2] Although there hav... more Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the most heritable complex disorders.[1,2] Although there have been many efforts to locate the genes associated with ASD risk, the genetics of ASD has not been elucidated.[3-5] Some studies have confirmed the contribution of mitochondrial genome mutations to the pathophysiology of autism,[4,6] but other studies have rejected such a contribution.[7] In the current study (research project number #17), we have investigated the association between mitochondrial tRNA gene mutations and the risk of autism
Cancer is the second leading
cause of death in the world. The causes of cancer
are diverse, compl... more Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. The causes of cancer are diverse, complex, and only partially understood. Altered expression of the microRNA-34 family has been determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. Expression analysis of the microRNA-34 family has suggested that they play significant roles in many aspects of cancer biology including proliferation, invasion/metastasis, migration, senescence/aging, angiogenesis, epigenetic silencing and methylation by regulation of the expression of their target genes
Recent studies have indicated the profound anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's
compounds, among ... more Recent studies have indicated the profound anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's compounds, among which; arteether is an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin with an endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells. An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of Arteether on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Briefly, 6mg/kg/day of Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured using digital verniercallipers. Mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were harvested for lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-+ cytokines, and the percentage of splenic T regulatory cells were measured. According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with respect to the level of IFN-+, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate. In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective antitumor agents.
Recent studies have indicated the profound anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's
compounds, among ... more Recent studies have indicated the profound anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's compounds, among which; arteether is an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin with an endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells. An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of Arteether on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Briefly, 6mg/kg/day of Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured using digital verniercallipers. Mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were harvested for lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-+ cytokines, and the percentage of splenic T regulatory cells were measured. According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with respect to the level of IFN-+, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate. In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective antitumor agents.
MicroRNA-34 is involved in pathogenesis in cancer by targeting different tumor-related genes. It ... more MicroRNA-34 is involved in pathogenesis in cancer by targeting different tumor-related genes. It could be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer. In addition, miR-34 is involved in the tumor angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanismof the miR-34 in cancer and tumor angiogenesis will open horizons for development of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis drugs.
Cancer immune-therapy is an interesting avenue
of studying the effects of deviating immune system... more Cancer immune-therapy is an interesting avenue of studying the effects of deviating immune system responses to achieve the desired result. Lactobacilli are inhabitants of the GI tract which have shown beneficial health effects on various ailments including malignancies. Their mechanisms of action comprise a very intense area of research. In this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus in in vivo model of breast cancer. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.a) was isolated from traditional home-made yogurt and also from neonatal stool by aerobic overnight culture at 37°C in MRS broth. Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) assay was performed to find the best immunostimulant dose. 4T1 tumour bearing mice were treated with 2×108 cfu of isolated L. acidophilus and 20 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide for 15 consecutive days. Tumour volume was measured using a digital vernier calliper. Lymphocyte proliferation was done using MTT proliferation assay. Production of IFNγ, IL-4 and TGF-β from cultured Splenocytes was assessed in the presence of purified tumour antigen. According to results administration of L.a induced a significant decrease in tumour growth pattern (P value00.00). Significant alterations in splenocyte production of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGf-β (P values<0.05) and also lymphocyte proliferation in L.a treated animals was evident (P value<0.05). This study indicated that oral administration of L.a is able to alter the cytokine production in tumour bearing mice into a Th1 protective pattern, favourable to anti tumour immunity. Reduced tumour growth rate and increased lymphocyte proliferation are also thus supportive. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanism by which local actions of probiotics affect the systemic immune responses against transformed cells.
Altered expression of the microRNA-34 family has been determined to be involved in the pathogenes... more Altered expression of the microRNA-34 family has been determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. In this review, the current knowledge of the cancer-related mechanisms in relation to the modulatory effects of microRNA-34 family were analysed. Expression analysis of the microRNA-34 family has suggested that its members play significant roles in many aspects of cancer biology including proliferation, invasion/metastasis, apoptosis/cell survival, cell cycle/cell growth, migration, senescence/aging, angiogenesis, epigenetic silencing and methylation by regulation of the expression of their target genes. Thus, microRNA-34 family members could act as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in human cancers.
Chemo-immunotherapy is one of the new achievements for treatment of
cancer, by which the success ... more Chemo-immunotherapy is one of the new achievements for treatment of cancer, by which the success of anti-cancer therapy can be increased. In vitro studies have been shown that Arteether (ARE) induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in normal cells. Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties of Arteether in-vivo and in-vitro. Methods: In this study, we used MTT assay for evaluation of cytotoxicity of Arteether on tumor cell line and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals. Balb/c mice were subcutaneously transplanted with tumor tissue taken from Spontaneous Mouse Mammary Tumor (SMMT) bearing female mice. Arteether was administered to breast tumor-bearing Balb/c mice at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Tumor sizes, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines production, and the percentage of splenic T-reg cells were measured. Results: We observed that ARE could reduce the cell growth of 4T1 cell line in a dose-dependent manner but it had no cytotoxic effect on the growth of peripheral blood lymphocytes. ARE administered intraperitoneally to tumor-bearing Balb/c mice could reduce the tumor growth rate and splenic T-reg cells. No difference in the IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 production was observed between tumor antigenstimulated splenocytes of mice treated with ARE and control mice. Conclusion: These results underscore antitumor properties of Arteether that may aid in development of more effective antitumor agents
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the most heritable
complex disorders.[1,2] Although there hav... more Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the most heritable complex disorders.[1,2] Although there have been many efforts to locate the genes associated with ASD risk, the genetics of ASD has not been elucidated.[3-5] Some studies have confirmed the contribution of mitochondrial genome mutations to the pathophysiology of autism,[4,6] but other studies have rejected such a contribution.[7] In the current study (research project number #17), we have investigated the association between mitochondrial tRNA gene mutations and the risk of autism
Cancer is the second leading
cause of death in the world. The causes of cancer
are diverse, compl... more Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. The causes of cancer are diverse, complex, and only partially understood. Altered expression of the microRNA-34 family has been determined to be involved in the pathogenesis of many cancers. Expression analysis of the microRNA-34 family has suggested that they play significant roles in many aspects of cancer biology including proliferation, invasion/metastasis, migration, senescence/aging, angiogenesis, epigenetic silencing and methylation by regulation of the expression of their target genes
Recent studies have indicated the profound anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's
compounds, among ... more Recent studies have indicated the profound anti-tumor activity of artemisinin's compounds, among which; arteether is an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin with an endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells. An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of Arteether on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Briefly, 6mg/kg/day of Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured using digital verniercallipers. Mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were harvested for lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-+ cytokines, and the percentage of splenic T regulatory cells were measured. According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with respect to the level of IFN-+, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate. In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective antitumor agents.
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compounds, among which; arteether is an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin with an
endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells.
An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of
Arteether on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Briefly, 6mg/kg/day of
Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured
using digital verniercallipers. Mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were harvested for
lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-+ cytokines, and the percentage of
splenic T regulatory cells were measured.
According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with
respect to the level of IFN-+, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that
Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate.
In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin
brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective
antitumor agents.
biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer. In addition, miR-34 is involved in the tumor
angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanismof the miR-34 in cancer and tumor angiogenesis will open horizons
for development of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis drugs.
of studying the effects of deviating immune system
responses to achieve the desired result. Lactobacilli are
inhabitants of the GI tract which have shown beneficial
health effects on various ailments including malignancies.
Their mechanisms of action comprise a very intense area of
research. In this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory
effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus in in vivo model of
breast cancer. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.a) was isolated
from traditional home-made yogurt and also from neonatal
stool by aerobic overnight culture at 37°C in MRS broth.
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) assay was performed
to find the best immunostimulant dose. 4T1 tumour bearing
mice were treated with 2×108 cfu of isolated L. acidophilus
and 20 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide for 15 consecutive days.
Tumour volume was measured using a digital vernier calliper.
Lymphocyte proliferation was done using MTT proliferation
assay. Production of IFNγ, IL-4 and TGF-β from
cultured Splenocytes was assessed in the presence of purified
tumour antigen. According to results administration of
L.a induced a significant decrease in tumour growth pattern
(P value00.00). Significant alterations in splenocyte production
of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGf-β (P values<0.05) and also
lymphocyte proliferation in L.a treated animals was evident
(P value<0.05). This study indicated that oral administration
of L.a is able to alter the cytokine production in tumour
bearing mice into a Th1 protective pattern, favourable to
anti tumour immunity. Reduced tumour growth rate and
increased lymphocyte proliferation are also thus supportive.
Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanism
by which local actions of probiotics affect the systemic
immune responses against transformed cells.
many cancers. In this review, the current knowledge of the cancer-related mechanisms in relation to the modulatory
effects of microRNA-34 family were analysed. Expression analysis of the microRNA-34 family has suggested that its
members play significant roles in many aspects of cancer biology including proliferation, invasion/metastasis,
apoptosis/cell survival, cell cycle/cell growth, migration, senescence/aging, angiogenesis, epigenetic silencing and
methylation by regulation of the expression of their target genes. Thus, microRNA-34 family members could act as
prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in human cancers.
cancer, by which the success of anti-cancer therapy can be increased. In vitro studies
have been shown that Arteether (ARE) induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in
normal cells. Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties
of Arteether in-vivo and in-vitro. Methods: In this study, we used MTT assay for
evaluation of cytotoxicity of Arteether on tumor cell line and Peripheral Blood
Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals. Balb/c mice were
subcutaneously transplanted with tumor tissue taken from Spontaneous Mouse
Mammary Tumor (SMMT) bearing female mice. Arteether was administered to breast
tumor-bearing Balb/c mice at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Tumor sizes,
lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines production, and the percentage of splenic T-reg
cells were measured. Results: We observed that ARE could reduce the cell growth of
4T1 cell line in a dose-dependent manner but it had no cytotoxic effect on the growth of
peripheral blood lymphocytes. ARE administered intraperitoneally to tumor-bearing
Balb/c mice could reduce the tumor growth rate and splenic T-reg cells. No difference
in the IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 production was observed between tumor antigenstimulated
splenocytes of mice treated with ARE and control mice. Conclusion: These
results underscore antitumor properties of Arteether that may aid in development of
more effective antitumor agents
complex disorders.[1,2] Although there have been many
efforts to locate the genes associated with ASD risk, the
genetics of ASD has not been elucidated.[3-5] Some studies
have confirmed the contribution of mitochondrial
genome mutations to the pathophysiology of autism,[4,6]
but other studies have rejected such a contribution.[7] In
the current study (research project number #17), we have
investigated the association between mitochondrial
tRNA gene mutations and the risk of autism
cause of death in the world. The causes of cancer
are diverse, complex, and only partially understood.
Altered expression of the microRNA-34 family has
been determined to be involved in the pathogenesis
of many cancers. Expression analysis of the
microRNA-34 family has suggested that they play
significant roles in many aspects of cancer biology
including proliferation, invasion/metastasis,
migration, senescence/aging, angiogenesis,
epigenetic silencing and methylation by regulation
of the expression of their target genes
compounds, among which; arteether is an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin with an
endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells.
An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of
Arteether on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Briefly, 6mg/kg/day of
Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured
using digital verniercallipers. Mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were harvested for
lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-+ cytokines, and the percentage of
splenic T regulatory cells were measured.
According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with
respect to the level of IFN-+, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that
Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate.
In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin
brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective
antitumor agents.
compounds, among which; arteether is an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin with an
endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells.
An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of
Arteether on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Briefly, 6mg/kg/day of
Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured
using digital verniercallipers. Mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were harvested for
lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-+ cytokines, and the percentage of
splenic T regulatory cells were measured.
According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with
respect to the level of IFN-+, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that
Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate.
In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin
brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective
antitumor agents.
biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with cancer. In addition, miR-34 is involved in the tumor
angiogenesis. Understanding the mechanismof the miR-34 in cancer and tumor angiogenesis will open horizons
for development of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis drugs.
of studying the effects of deviating immune system
responses to achieve the desired result. Lactobacilli are
inhabitants of the GI tract which have shown beneficial
health effects on various ailments including malignancies.
Their mechanisms of action comprise a very intense area of
research. In this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory
effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus in in vivo model of
breast cancer. Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.a) was isolated
from traditional home-made yogurt and also from neonatal
stool by aerobic overnight culture at 37°C in MRS broth.
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) assay was performed
to find the best immunostimulant dose. 4T1 tumour bearing
mice were treated with 2×108 cfu of isolated L. acidophilus
and 20 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide for 15 consecutive days.
Tumour volume was measured using a digital vernier calliper.
Lymphocyte proliferation was done using MTT proliferation
assay. Production of IFNγ, IL-4 and TGF-β from
cultured Splenocytes was assessed in the presence of purified
tumour antigen. According to results administration of
L.a induced a significant decrease in tumour growth pattern
(P value00.00). Significant alterations in splenocyte production
of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGf-β (P values<0.05) and also
lymphocyte proliferation in L.a treated animals was evident
(P value<0.05). This study indicated that oral administration
of L.a is able to alter the cytokine production in tumour
bearing mice into a Th1 protective pattern, favourable to
anti tumour immunity. Reduced tumour growth rate and
increased lymphocyte proliferation are also thus supportive.
Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanism
by which local actions of probiotics affect the systemic
immune responses against transformed cells.
many cancers. In this review, the current knowledge of the cancer-related mechanisms in relation to the modulatory
effects of microRNA-34 family were analysed. Expression analysis of the microRNA-34 family has suggested that its
members play significant roles in many aspects of cancer biology including proliferation, invasion/metastasis,
apoptosis/cell survival, cell cycle/cell growth, migration, senescence/aging, angiogenesis, epigenetic silencing and
methylation by regulation of the expression of their target genes. Thus, microRNA-34 family members could act as
prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in human cancers.
cancer, by which the success of anti-cancer therapy can be increased. In vitro studies
have been shown that Arteether (ARE) induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in
normal cells. Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic and immunomodulatory properties
of Arteether in-vivo and in-vitro. Methods: In this study, we used MTT assay for
evaluation of cytotoxicity of Arteether on tumor cell line and Peripheral Blood
Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals. Balb/c mice were
subcutaneously transplanted with tumor tissue taken from Spontaneous Mouse
Mammary Tumor (SMMT) bearing female mice. Arteether was administered to breast
tumor-bearing Balb/c mice at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Tumor sizes,
lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines production, and the percentage of splenic T-reg
cells were measured. Results: We observed that ARE could reduce the cell growth of
4T1 cell line in a dose-dependent manner but it had no cytotoxic effect on the growth of
peripheral blood lymphocytes. ARE administered intraperitoneally to tumor-bearing
Balb/c mice could reduce the tumor growth rate and splenic T-reg cells. No difference
in the IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 production was observed between tumor antigenstimulated
splenocytes of mice treated with ARE and control mice. Conclusion: These
results underscore antitumor properties of Arteether that may aid in development of
more effective antitumor agents
complex disorders.[1,2] Although there have been many
efforts to locate the genes associated with ASD risk, the
genetics of ASD has not been elucidated.[3-5] Some studies
have confirmed the contribution of mitochondrial
genome mutations to the pathophysiology of autism,[4,6]
but other studies have rejected such a contribution.[7] In
the current study (research project number #17), we have
investigated the association between mitochondrial
tRNA gene mutations and the risk of autism
cause of death in the world. The causes of cancer
are diverse, complex, and only partially understood.
Altered expression of the microRNA-34 family has
been determined to be involved in the pathogenesis
of many cancers. Expression analysis of the
microRNA-34 family has suggested that they play
significant roles in many aspects of cancer biology
including proliferation, invasion/metastasis,
migration, senescence/aging, angiogenesis,
epigenetic silencing and methylation by regulation
of the expression of their target genes
compounds, among which; arteether is an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin with an
endoperoxide bridge that can induce apoptosis in tumor cells but not in the normal cells.
An experiment was carried out on tumor-bearing Balb/c mice to estimate the effects of
Arteether on tumor growth and antitumor immune responses. Briefly, 6mg/kg/day of
Arteether and diluents were administered to two groups of mice. Tumor sizes were measured
using digital verniercallipers. Mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were harvested for
lymphocyte proliferation assay, the level of IL-4 and IFN-+ cytokines, and the percentage of
splenic T regulatory cells were measured.
According to the findings, there were no statistical differences between the groups with
respect to the level of IFN-+, IL-4 and proliferation assay; while our results showed that
Arteether is effective in the reduction of tumor growth rate.
In general, intra-tumoral injection of Arteether as an oil-soluble derivative of artemisinin
brings to light some antitumor properties that may aid in development of more effective
antitumor agents.