Inflammatory fibroid polyps (Vanek’s tumor) are non-frequent benign lesions, described by Josef V... more Inflammatory fibroid polyps (Vanek’s tumor) are non-frequent benign lesions, described by Josef Vanek in 1949, that originate in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and usually reach 1 to3 cm. They are generally seen in the stomach and the small intestines, and are less common in the colon and the esophagus. Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) are one of the rare conditions leading to intestinal obstruction in adults. A differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal stromal tumor, small intestine lymphoma, and small intestine cancer. We presented here a case with a giant inflammatory fibroid polyp of the terminal ileum causing intussusception.
We used self-expandable metallic stents in benign disease-related fistulas of the esophagus and r... more We used self-expandable metallic stents in benign disease-related fistulas of the esophagus and report our experience pertaining to three cases. All the cases were implanted with retrievable stents under direct endoscopic view and fluoroscopic control. The fistulas were closed within two weeks in all cases. While one of the stents was endoscopically retrieved, the other two were not taken out due to the adverse general condition of the patients. In benign esophageal fistulas, SEMS can be an alternative to surgical intervention because of their easiness of placement and the possibility of retrieval at an early stage.
Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES, 2016
Presently described is case of a 52-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department wit... more Presently described is case of a 52-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department with 3-day history of epigastric pain. Abdominal examination revealed diffuse tenderness and muscle guarding. Plain abdominal X-ray showed free subdiaphragmatic air. The patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with presumptive diagnosis of peptic ulcer perforation. Laparoscopy showed several inflamed, edematous jejunal loops with proximal obstruction and perforation by an impacted fish bone. Completely intracorporeal resection and anastomosis using laparoscopic linear stapler was performed and segment of resected bowel was removed through trocar site. Postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on fourth day.
Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM), which must be taken into account in intraabdom... more Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM), which must be taken into account in intraabdominal cysts, is an important pathology due to the potential of local recurrences and malignant transformation. Although BMPM occurs mostly in women in their reproductive age, small cases have been described in male patients. We hereby present the radiological and histopathological findings of a 45-year-old male patient who was admitted with the complaints of discomfort, swelling and abdominal pain. A giant multilocular cyst of 35x20 cm in size, revealed preoperatively via computed tomography, was removed surgically. Generally single-rowed and occasionally 2-3 rowed cuboidal epithelium were observed in the histopathological assessment of the cyst which contained multiple semi-transparent vesicular structures at a diameter of 0.3-1 cm. Cytokeratin, Calretinin and epithelial membran antigen (EMA) staining confirmed its mesothelial origin immunohistochemically and the diagnosis of BMPM was made. Giant cyst removed via a successful operation and no recurrences were detected at the 32-months post-operative period. In BMPM cases differantial diagnosis versus other cystic diseases can only be based on histologically. This is critical importance to clinical management.
Objective: In this prospective randomized study, the effects of iatrogenic gall bladder perforati... more Objective: In this prospective randomized study, the effects of iatrogenic gall bladder perforations during laparoscopic cholecystectomy on postoperative pain and mean hospital stay were evaluated. Material and Methods: 100 patients of a total number of 515 patients ...
Objective: Acute mechanical large bowel obstructions comprise 15% of colorectal emergencies as we... more Objective: Acute mechanical large bowel obstructions comprise 15% of colorectal emergencies as well as 30% of hospital admittance due to colon carcinoma. Surgical therapy options are still debatable. Morbidity and mortality rates are high in elderly cases with comorbid diseases. ...
To investigate the efficacy of cordycepin, an adenosine analogue, on prevention of esophageal dam... more To investigate the efficacy of cordycepin, an adenosine analogue, on prevention of esophageal damage and stricture formation due to esophageal caustic burns in rat model comparing with prednisolone. Methods: Caustic esophageal burn was introduced by 37.5% of NaOH to distal esophagus. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided in four groups: sham rats undergone laparotomy, treated with 0.9% NaCl; control rats injured with NaOH without cordycepin treatment; cordycepin group injured with NaOH, treated with 20 mg/kg cordycepin; prednisolone group injured with NaOH, treated with 1 mg/kg prednisolone for 28 days. Efficacy was assessed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of esophageal tissues. Results: Cordycepin treatment significantly decreased inflammation, granulation tissue and fibrous tissue formation and prevented formation of esophageal strictures shown by histopathological damage score and stenosis indexes compared to control group (p < 0.01). These effects are relatively more substantial than prednisolone, probably based on attenuation of elevation of proinflammatory cytokines hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), proliferative and fibrotic factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that cordycepin has a complex multifactorial healing process in alkali-burned tissue, more successful than prednisolone in preventing the formation of esophageal strictures and may be used as a therapeutic agent in the acute phase of esophageal alkali-burn.
We report a un usual case of 45-year-old man was admitted to the neurosurgery clinic with the com... more We report a un usual case of 45-year-old man was admitted to the neurosurgery clinic with the complaint of back pain for 5 months. A tumor was detected at the corpus of L2 vertebra by the lumbar MRG and the lumbar BT. The histopathological result was compatible to the metastasis of follicular thyoid carcinoma. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and the pathological result was verified as FTC. These attempts were followed by ablation with 150 mCi radioactive iodine (131I).
Aim: Elective management of stable patients with abdomen stab wounds has become a gold standard m... more Aim: Elective management of stable patients with abdomen stab wounds has become a gold standard management approach throughout the world. However, there is still no unique standard of approach. In this study, we aimed to emphasize the differences in laboratory values between patients who were followed up nonoperatively and those who were operated on in stab injuries. Materials and methods: 95 patients who applied to Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital with stab injuries and who were hospitalized in the General Surgery Department between January 2017 and June 2019 were identified retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups and the patients who underwent surgical treatment in the first group and those who were followed up with medical treatment and those who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy were included in the second group. According to the laboratory parameters, age, drug addiction, white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), neutrophil (NEU), lymphoc...
Background/Aims: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is a gold standard technique for Cholecystecto... more Background/Aims: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is a gold standard technique for Cholecystectomy and one of the most common laparoscopic operation being performed all over the world. To evaluate the factors that affects the difficulty of the elective laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Methods: In this prospective observational study 207 consecutive patients were included. Age, gender, body mass index, history of cholecystitis, pancreatitis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) duration of the operation, scoring of the difficulty of the operation by using a visual analog scale (VAS) score in 5 different phases (entry to abdomen, degree of adhesions, dissection of Calot’s triangle, separation of gallbladder from liver, extraction of gallbladder from abdomen) and discharge time from hospital were recorded. Results: We found that elders, male patients, patients with the history of cholecystitis and history of ERCP have significantly higher scores compared to others (p<...
SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this stu... more SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery wi...
SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critica... more SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was no...
To support the global restart of elective surgery, data from an international prospective cohort ... more To support the global restart of elective surgery, data from an international prospective cohort study of 8492 patients (69 countries) was analysed using artificial intelligence (machine learning techniques) to develop a predictive score for mortality in surgical patients with SARS-CoV-2. We found that patient rather than operation factors were the best predictors and used these to create the COVIDsurg Mortality Score (https://covidsurgrisk.app). Our data demonstrates that it is safe to restart a wide range of surgical services for selected patients.
Background: PEAK PlasmaBlade ® is a recent and distinctive type of electrosurgical device. Previo... more Background: PEAK PlasmaBlade ® is a recent and distinctive type of electrosurgical device. Previous studies have already documented some meaningful advantages of this device over conventional electrosurgery. This study compared the use of PEAK PlasmaBlade ® to standard electrosurgery in mastectomy and breast conservative surgery. The purpose was to test the impact of PEAK PlasmaBlade ® on the wound-healing process and on postsurgical complications in breast cancer surgery. Material and Methods: Sixty patients undergoing breast cancer surgery were enrolled. The PEAK PlasmaBlade ® was used for 20 of those. A standard electrosurgical device was used for the other 40 patients. The two groups were homogenous in age, BMI, comorbidities and type of surgery. We recorded wound complications, serum drainage amount and duration of stay, blood loss, time of surgery, length of hospital stay and total number of medications required. Results: The two groups were not significantly different in terms of patient characteristic. A statistically significant reduction in incidence of seroma was observed in the PEAK group: only 10% versus 37.5% of the patients in the conventional electrosurgery group developed this complication (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.034). Conclusion: Seroma is the most important wound complication in breast surgery. The research of new instruments that might reduce its incidence is desirable. In order to validate or deny the results of this study, it is necessary to enroll more subjects and to consider the impact of this device on axillary lymph node dissection. No conflict of interest 251 (PB-046) Poster Patient satisfaction after implant based immediate breast reconstruction performed by general surgeon A. Irmejs
Obstructive jaundice (OJ) can be defined as cessation of bile flow into the small intestine due t... more Obstructive jaundice (OJ) can be defined as cessation of bile flow into the small intestine due to benign or malignant changes. Nesfatin-1, recently discovered anorexigenic peptide derived from nucleobindin-2 in hypothalamic nuclei, was shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. This study is aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of nesfatin-1 on OJ in rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham (n = 8), control (n = 8), and nesfatin (n = 8). After bile duct ligation, the study groups were treated with saline or nesfatin-1, for 10 days. Afterward, blood and liver tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analyses, measurement of cytokines, determination of the oxidative DNA damage, DNA fragmentation, and histopathologic analyses. Alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were decreased after the nesfatin treatment; however, these drops were statistically non-significant compared to cont...
Inflammatory fibroid polyps (Vanek’s tumor) are non-frequent benign lesions, described by Josef V... more Inflammatory fibroid polyps (Vanek’s tumor) are non-frequent benign lesions, described by Josef Vanek in 1949, that originate in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and usually reach 1 to3 cm. They are generally seen in the stomach and the small intestines, and are less common in the colon and the esophagus. Inflammatory fibroid polyps (IFPs) are one of the rare conditions leading to intestinal obstruction in adults. A differential diagnosis includes gastrointestinal stromal tumor, small intestine lymphoma, and small intestine cancer. We presented here a case with a giant inflammatory fibroid polyp of the terminal ileum causing intussusception.
We used self-expandable metallic stents in benign disease-related fistulas of the esophagus and r... more We used self-expandable metallic stents in benign disease-related fistulas of the esophagus and report our experience pertaining to three cases. All the cases were implanted with retrievable stents under direct endoscopic view and fluoroscopic control. The fistulas were closed within two weeks in all cases. While one of the stents was endoscopically retrieved, the other two were not taken out due to the adverse general condition of the patients. In benign esophageal fistulas, SEMS can be an alternative to surgical intervention because of their easiness of placement and the possibility of retrieval at an early stage.
Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES, 2016
Presently described is case of a 52-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department wit... more Presently described is case of a 52-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency department with 3-day history of epigastric pain. Abdominal examination revealed diffuse tenderness and muscle guarding. Plain abdominal X-ray showed free subdiaphragmatic air. The patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with presumptive diagnosis of peptic ulcer perforation. Laparoscopy showed several inflamed, edematous jejunal loops with proximal obstruction and perforation by an impacted fish bone. Completely intracorporeal resection and anastomosis using laparoscopic linear stapler was performed and segment of resected bowel was removed through trocar site. Postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on fourth day.
Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM), which must be taken into account in intraabdom... more Benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM), which must be taken into account in intraabdominal cysts, is an important pathology due to the potential of local recurrences and malignant transformation. Although BMPM occurs mostly in women in their reproductive age, small cases have been described in male patients. We hereby present the radiological and histopathological findings of a 45-year-old male patient who was admitted with the complaints of discomfort, swelling and abdominal pain. A giant multilocular cyst of 35x20 cm in size, revealed preoperatively via computed tomography, was removed surgically. Generally single-rowed and occasionally 2-3 rowed cuboidal epithelium were observed in the histopathological assessment of the cyst which contained multiple semi-transparent vesicular structures at a diameter of 0.3-1 cm. Cytokeratin, Calretinin and epithelial membran antigen (EMA) staining confirmed its mesothelial origin immunohistochemically and the diagnosis of BMPM was made. Giant cyst removed via a successful operation and no recurrences were detected at the 32-months post-operative period. In BMPM cases differantial diagnosis versus other cystic diseases can only be based on histologically. This is critical importance to clinical management.
Objective: In this prospective randomized study, the effects of iatrogenic gall bladder perforati... more Objective: In this prospective randomized study, the effects of iatrogenic gall bladder perforations during laparoscopic cholecystectomy on postoperative pain and mean hospital stay were evaluated. Material and Methods: 100 patients of a total number of 515 patients ...
Objective: Acute mechanical large bowel obstructions comprise 15% of colorectal emergencies as we... more Objective: Acute mechanical large bowel obstructions comprise 15% of colorectal emergencies as well as 30% of hospital admittance due to colon carcinoma. Surgical therapy options are still debatable. Morbidity and mortality rates are high in elderly cases with comorbid diseases. ...
To investigate the efficacy of cordycepin, an adenosine analogue, on prevention of esophageal dam... more To investigate the efficacy of cordycepin, an adenosine analogue, on prevention of esophageal damage and stricture formation due to esophageal caustic burns in rat model comparing with prednisolone. Methods: Caustic esophageal burn was introduced by 37.5% of NaOH to distal esophagus. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided in four groups: sham rats undergone laparotomy, treated with 0.9% NaCl; control rats injured with NaOH without cordycepin treatment; cordycepin group injured with NaOH, treated with 20 mg/kg cordycepin; prednisolone group injured with NaOH, treated with 1 mg/kg prednisolone for 28 days. Efficacy was assessed by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of esophageal tissues. Results: Cordycepin treatment significantly decreased inflammation, granulation tissue and fibrous tissue formation and prevented formation of esophageal strictures shown by histopathological damage score and stenosis indexes compared to control group (p < 0.01). These effects are relatively more substantial than prednisolone, probably based on attenuation of elevation of proinflammatory cytokines hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), proliferative and fibrotic factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that cordycepin has a complex multifactorial healing process in alkali-burned tissue, more successful than prednisolone in preventing the formation of esophageal strictures and may be used as a therapeutic agent in the acute phase of esophageal alkali-burn.
We report a un usual case of 45-year-old man was admitted to the neurosurgery clinic with the com... more We report a un usual case of 45-year-old man was admitted to the neurosurgery clinic with the complaint of back pain for 5 months. A tumor was detected at the corpus of L2 vertebra by the lumbar MRG and the lumbar BT. The histopathological result was compatible to the metastasis of follicular thyoid carcinoma. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and the pathological result was verified as FTC. These attempts were followed by ablation with 150 mCi radioactive iodine (131I).
Aim: Elective management of stable patients with abdomen stab wounds has become a gold standard m... more Aim: Elective management of stable patients with abdomen stab wounds has become a gold standard management approach throughout the world. However, there is still no unique standard of approach. In this study, we aimed to emphasize the differences in laboratory values between patients who were followed up nonoperatively and those who were operated on in stab injuries. Materials and methods: 95 patients who applied to Istanbul Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital with stab injuries and who were hospitalized in the General Surgery Department between January 2017 and June 2019 were identified retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups and the patients who underwent surgical treatment in the first group and those who were followed up with medical treatment and those who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy were included in the second group. According to the laboratory parameters, age, drug addiction, white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (HGB), neutrophil (NEU), lymphoc...
Background/Aims: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is a gold standard technique for Cholecystecto... more Background/Aims: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LC) is a gold standard technique for Cholecystectomy and one of the most common laparoscopic operation being performed all over the world. To evaluate the factors that affects the difficulty of the elective laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. Methods: In this prospective observational study 207 consecutive patients were included. Age, gender, body mass index, history of cholecystitis, pancreatitis, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) duration of the operation, scoring of the difficulty of the operation by using a visual analog scale (VAS) score in 5 different phases (entry to abdomen, degree of adhesions, dissection of Calot’s triangle, separation of gallbladder from liver, extraction of gallbladder from abdomen) and discharge time from hospital were recorded. Results: We found that elders, male patients, patients with the history of cholecystitis and history of ERCP have significantly higher scores compared to others (p<...
SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this stu... more SummaryPeri‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30‐day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30‐day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30‐day mortality in patients without SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4–1.5). In patients with a pre‐operative SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery wi...
SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critica... more SummarySARS‐CoV‐2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri‐operative or prior SARS‐CoV‐2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub‐study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS‐CoV‐2 diagnosis was defined as peri‐operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre‐operative anti‐coagulation for baseline comorbidities was no...
To support the global restart of elective surgery, data from an international prospective cohort ... more To support the global restart of elective surgery, data from an international prospective cohort study of 8492 patients (69 countries) was analysed using artificial intelligence (machine learning techniques) to develop a predictive score for mortality in surgical patients with SARS-CoV-2. We found that patient rather than operation factors were the best predictors and used these to create the COVIDsurg Mortality Score (https://covidsurgrisk.app). Our data demonstrates that it is safe to restart a wide range of surgical services for selected patients.
Background: PEAK PlasmaBlade ® is a recent and distinctive type of electrosurgical device. Previo... more Background: PEAK PlasmaBlade ® is a recent and distinctive type of electrosurgical device. Previous studies have already documented some meaningful advantages of this device over conventional electrosurgery. This study compared the use of PEAK PlasmaBlade ® to standard electrosurgery in mastectomy and breast conservative surgery. The purpose was to test the impact of PEAK PlasmaBlade ® on the wound-healing process and on postsurgical complications in breast cancer surgery. Material and Methods: Sixty patients undergoing breast cancer surgery were enrolled. The PEAK PlasmaBlade ® was used for 20 of those. A standard electrosurgical device was used for the other 40 patients. The two groups were homogenous in age, BMI, comorbidities and type of surgery. We recorded wound complications, serum drainage amount and duration of stay, blood loss, time of surgery, length of hospital stay and total number of medications required. Results: The two groups were not significantly different in terms of patient characteristic. A statistically significant reduction in incidence of seroma was observed in the PEAK group: only 10% versus 37.5% of the patients in the conventional electrosurgery group developed this complication (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.034). Conclusion: Seroma is the most important wound complication in breast surgery. The research of new instruments that might reduce its incidence is desirable. In order to validate or deny the results of this study, it is necessary to enroll more subjects and to consider the impact of this device on axillary lymph node dissection. No conflict of interest 251 (PB-046) Poster Patient satisfaction after implant based immediate breast reconstruction performed by general surgeon A. Irmejs
Obstructive jaundice (OJ) can be defined as cessation of bile flow into the small intestine due t... more Obstructive jaundice (OJ) can be defined as cessation of bile flow into the small intestine due to benign or malignant changes. Nesfatin-1, recently discovered anorexigenic peptide derived from nucleobindin-2 in hypothalamic nuclei, was shown to have anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects. This study is aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of nesfatin-1 on OJ in rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham (n = 8), control (n = 8), and nesfatin (n = 8). After bile duct ligation, the study groups were treated with saline or nesfatin-1, for 10 days. Afterward, blood and liver tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analyses, measurement of cytokines, determination of the oxidative DNA damage, DNA fragmentation, and histopathologic analyses. Alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels were decreased after the nesfatin treatment; however, these drops were statistically non-significant compared to cont...
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