In the present work, graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on aluminum (Al) by cathodic electrophoret... more In the present work, graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on aluminum (Al) by cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The effects of low thermal annealing (50-200°C) on hydrophobicity of Al-GO samples were investigated by water contact angle (WCA) measurement. The reduction of GO is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The results of EDAX showed that oxygen/carbon atomic ratio has decreased after reduction and this has been confirmed by XPS analysis. The corrosion activity of GOcoated Al samples (Al-GO) was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The surface morphological characterization of bare Al and Al-rGO (samples after thermal annealing) was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after immersion in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. It was shown that bare samples were damaged after 10 days of immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution and cracks and pits developed during immersion period. However, GO-coated samples were undamaged after immersion in NaCl solution.
2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS), 2015
In this article, a dual pin-to-plate high-voltage corona discharge system is introduced to study ... more In this article, a dual pin-to-plate high-voltage corona discharge system is introduced to study experimentally the gap distance, the contact time, the effect of pin and plate materials, the thickness of ground plate and the conductivity on the amount of Acid Blue 25 dye color removal efficiency from polluted water. A study for the optimum air gap distance between dual pin and surface of Acid Blue 25 dye solution is carried out using 3D-EM simulator to find maximum electric field intensity at the tip of both pins. The outcomes display that the best gap for corona discharge is approximately 5 mm for 15-kV source. This separation is constant during the study of other factors. In addition, an investigation of the essential reactive species responsible for oxidation of the dye organic compounds (O 3 in air discharge, O 3 in water, and H 2 O 2) during the experimental time is conducted. Three various materials such as: stainless steel, copper and aluminum are used for pins and plate. The maximum color removal efficiencies of Acid Blue 25 dyes are 99.03, 82.04, and 90.78% after treatment time 15 min for stainless steel, copper, and aluminum, respectively. Measurement results for the impact of thickness of an aluminum ground plate on color removal competence show color removal efficiencies of 86.3, 90.78, and 98.06% after treatment time 15 min for thicknesses of 2, 0.5, and 0.1 mm, respectively. The increasing of the solution conductivity leads to the reduction of decolorization efficiency. A kinetic model is used to define the performance of corona discharge system. The models of pseudozero-order, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics are utilized to investigate the decolorization of Acid Blue 25 dye. The rate of degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics in the dye concentration.
This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of rotating copper p... more This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of rotating copper parts in a solution of NaCl and Na 2 S by using one of triazole derivatives namely 4-Amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole (AHT) as corrosion inhibitor. The potentiodynamic technique was used for investigation of the effect of different variables on the corrosion of rotating copper such as rotational speed, initial S-2 concentration, rotating copper diameter, solution temperature and initial AHT inhibitor concentration. The results showed that AHT inhibitor can improve the corrosion resistance of rotating copper parts by a factor ranging from1.30 to 1.66 depending on AHT inhibitor concentration and rotational speed. The results show that the activation energy for corrosion of copper in 3.5% sodium chloride solution and 10ppm S-2 without the inhibitor ranges from 0.7 to 1.07kCal/gmol while it ranges from 1.879 to 3.366kCal/gmol in the presence of 10ppm of AHT corrosion inhibitor depending on the rotational speed which indicate that the process is mainly diffusion controlled.
This work investigates the effect of electrolyte concentration (%NaCl) and organic loading (oxali... more This work investigates the effect of electrolyte concentration (%NaCl) and organic loading (oxalic acid concentration) on the performance of a newly developed electrode of polyaniline coated graphite (PANG). The galvanostatic technique was used for building the new electrode under different aniline concentrations. The PANG electrode was characterized using different techniques such as FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The characterization results indicated that PANI was deposited on the graphite surface in the conductive form. The developed electrode was then investigated for its specific energy consumption and its kinetic performance in the electrooxidation of oxalic acid under different electrolyte concentrations (%NaCl) and different initial oxalic acid concentrations. The results showed that the PANG electrode is more efficient than the bare graphite electrode in both improving the reaction rate and increasing the energy efficiency of the process. The results showed that the mass transfer coefficient could be related to the concentrations of the different components by the relation: K= a C NaCl. C oxalic-0.556. The electrooxidation index (EOI) of the new PANG electrode was found to be much higher than that of the bare graphite electrode by a factor ranging from 15 to 800% depending on the solution composition.
This work investigates the possibility of removing nitrate ions (NO 3-) from wastewater by using ... more This work investigates the possibility of removing nitrate ions (NO 3-) from wastewater by using monopolar vertical aluminum electrodes in a batch electrochemical unit. Variables studied were current density, initial NO 3 concentration, initial solution pH, electrolysis time and anode diameter. The results show that up to 90% of NO 3 can be removed in approximately 80 minutes. To throw some light on the economy of the process power consumption was measured against current density and percentage removal. The results show that the ratio (% removal/power consumption) dramatically decreased from 34.9 to 0.45 by increasing the current density from 3 to 13 mA/m 2 which suggests that the economy of the process is favored by low current densities.
The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of improving corrosion resistance o... more The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of improving corrosion resistance of the galvanic coupling of steel and zinc by coating steel with a layer of polyaniline (PANi) conducting polymer. The galvanostatic technique was used for forming the PANi layer using a potentiostat (EG&G A-273 Potentiostat/Galvanostat). Many variables were investigated for their effect on the characteristics of the formed coat layer such as: applied current density, aniline monomer concentration, and solution pH. The formed coat layer was investigated using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Finally the corrosion resistance ability of the galvanic coupling of PANi coated steel coupled with zinc was investigated using the electrochemical methods such as Tafel method. The results show that the corrosion rate of the galvanic coupling of PANi coated steel and zinc has been decreased by a factor ranging from 1.4 up to 1.51 than the coupling without coat, depending on the operating conditions.
This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of reinforced concre... more This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete against corrosive mediums mainly represented by chloride and sulfate ions by using polyaniline (PANi) coating. The polyaniline layer was formed using the galvanostatic technique and investigated for its composition by using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The potentiodynamic technique was used for investigating the corrosion resistance of the PANi coated steel while coupled with stainless steel and used for reinforcing a layer of concrete, containing different concentrations of corrosive materials such as NaCl and H 2 SO 4 the corrosion current was measured against Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The main variables investigated were the initial concentration of both Cland SO4-2 and the time interval from 0 to 28 days (initial hardening period). The results showed that using polyaniline coating has improved the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete against Clby a factor ranging from1.10 to 1.90 and by a factor ranging from 1.30 to 1.60% against SO4-2 of its value compared to uncoated steel depending on initial concentration of Cland SO4-2 respectively. In addition the results showed that Clis superior to SO 4-2 in causing corrosion of steel. The corrosion rate of steel subjected to Clions is higher than that of SO 4-2 by a factor of 1.688 and 1.815 for both bare and polyaniline coated steel respectively.
This work investigates the performance of batch electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of a m... more This work investigates the performance of batch electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of a mixture of phosphate and nitrate ions from wastewater. Experimental results show that phosphate and nitrate removal efficiency was improved by increasing both current density and initial solution pH while it was decreasing by increasing initial phosphate and/or nitrate concentrations. Experimental results further show that the electrocoagulation process can be described by a first order rate equation for the removal of both phosphate and nitrae. A correlations for the effect of initial phosphate concentration, nitrate concentration and current density were deduced and an overall correllation for the unit performance under different operating parameters in the form: K =0.033 C N-0.247 C P-0.147 I 0.206 was deduced. This equation can be used for the preliminary design of an electrocoagulation unit used for phosphate and nitrate mixture removal from wastewater.
This work investigates the reaction kinetics of phosphate removal from hot industrial effluent st... more This work investigates the reaction kinetics of phosphate removal from hot industrial effluent streams in a continuous-recirculating electrocoagulation reactor using monopolar aluminum electrodes. The effects of several variables on the unit performance were also investigated. Results show that the rate of phosphate removal follows a first order reaction kinetics and that the percent of phosphate removal increases by increasing the solution circulation flow rate, increasing current density, and the solution temperature while it was found to decrease by increasing the initial phosphate ions concentration. Data generated in this study allow for a thorough analysis of the electrocoagulation reaction kinetics, the reaction activation energy, and the reaction rate controlling mechanism as well as the effects of several important parameters on the reactor's performance and the phosphate removal process economic viability.
The most significant issue affecting the electric efficiency of solar panels is overheating. Conc... more The most significant issue affecting the electric efficiency of solar panels is overheating. Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) modules work by converting approximately 80% of sunlight to heat; this may exceed the cell operating temperature limits. Therefore, thermal management is the best choice for keeping such panels working under specified conditions. Prior to producing an actual solar indoor unit, the current research primarily focuses on optimizing the heat sink dimensions that affect the cooling performance of the solar panel. Two parametric studies were employed to optimize the microchannel heat sink design. First, a two-dimensional numerical study was implemented to optimize the best channel height for more uniform flow inside a double-layer microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS); the width of channels was kept as a constant value. Second, a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model for fluid flow in the optimized heat sink was used to optimize the inlet/outlet header length....
International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Innovation, 2022
The main property required of metallic biomaterials such as Titanium foam for biomedical applicat... more The main property required of metallic biomaterials such as Titanium foam for biomedical applications is to be a biocompatible material. Good mechanical properties, osseointegration, high corrosion resistance, and excellent wear resistance are required. Furthermore, it is crucial for improving the biological and mechanical properties of the highly porous structure of titanium foams as implant materials for dental implants. Owing to its outstanding mechanical properties, low density, and high chemical resistance, titanium-based foams have various promising applications. This paper aims to highlight the significance of porosity in the blend of dental implants of Titanium foam with bone tissue and the space holder fabrication method presently being studied. It has been found that the preservative built-up technique is promising for controlling both pore size and shape to achieve the optimum biological properties of Titanium foam. Titanium foam has been successfully synthesized through ...
In this work investigation for the effect of compressed CO2 on the morphology of the produced Pol... more In this work investigation for the effect of compressed CO2 on the morphology of the produced Polyaniline (PANI) was carried out. The conventional oxidative polymerization using ammonium peroxydisulfate as oxidizing agent was used with and without compressed CO2. The results showed that different morphologies of PANI nanorods and PANI nanoparticles were produced using the conventional polymerization with and without compressed CO2 respectively. Molecular characterization of the produced materials using FTIR and XRD showed that the two prepared Polyaniline forms using the two different techniques are of the emeraldine salt state. It was indicated that PANI nanoparticles structure has an average diameter of 50nm, while PANI nanorods structure was found to have an average length of 4μm and average diameters of 95nm. The effect of the PANI morphological structure on the Acid blue 25 dye decolorization process was studied. The PANI nanorods recorded higher rate of dye decolorization of 9...
2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2016
The color removal performance using non-thermal plasma system (NTP) corona discharge type generat... more The color removal performance using non-thermal plasma system (NTP) corona discharge type generated from high voltage pin-to-ground plate display 82% color clearing at 11min. The total complete color removal was accomplished within 28min. Likewise, various salts as KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3 was used for check the influence of the conductivity. The increasing of conductivity signs that the reduction in color removal efficiency. The discharge energy and degradation competence are computed at diverse concentration for NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3. It was noticed that the salts compact the amount and the level of decolorization. In addition the investigated of the essential reactive species complicated in oxidation of dye organic compounds are O3 in treated water and H2O2. So the measurement for the energetic species that produced throughout the non-thermal plasma at the optimum operation time like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ozone (O3). The benefits from this work in designing the pla...
International Journal of Solar Thermal Vacuum Engineering, 2020
Contaminated waste water treatment and clean water scarcity are current challenges acutely in the... more Contaminated waste water treatment and clean water scarcity are current challenges acutely in the Asian and African continents. This paper bestows applied co-precipitation technique for the fabrication of Magnetic Graphene Nano-Composites (MGNCs) for water treatment purposes. In this paper, characterization procedures were applied to delineate numerous physical and chemical properties of the synthetic MGNCs and mixing performance for several designed microreactors were determined using the Dushman's method in comparison to two parallel reactions. The mixing timings for different microreactors at flow rates between 100 and 300 ml/hr were determined. MCNCs were utilised to remove an Acid Blue 25 dye as a pollutant from water at diverse types of microreactors. The comparison between the various microreactors' performance and mixing time was accomplished. The maximum instantaneous removal capacity of graphene-based nanomaterial was recorded using K.M micro mixer about 68% for 10 ppm dye concentration.
Membrane fouling can be considered the major obstacle in the application of membranes in differen... more Membrane fouling can be considered the major obstacle in the application of membranes in different separation processes. This drawback can be minimized (or avoided) by cutting off the interaction between the foulant itself and the membrane's surface. For that, membrane surface modification has been presented as an effective tool to improve the membrane's performance. In the current paper, laccase-catalyzed bio-grafting of 3-aminophenol (3-AP) onto poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes is presented. This modification was carried out at room temperature and in aqueous medium using green catalyst; thus, the process can be safely labelled "green surface modification". The modified PES membranes were evaluated based on their performance and bulk properties. The effects of modifications on the membranes' performance, the flux reduction, and the protein repellence were assessed. Also, the flux reduction due to (irreversible) protein adsorption was determined. The change in the color of the modified membranes was also correlated to the amount of the added modifier per unit membrane area (the grafting yield). Both blank and modified membranes were characterized using TGA, DSC, XRD, FTIR-ATR, 1 H-NMR, SEM as well as mechanical strength testing. Moreover, the shape and structure of the modified layer(s) grafted on the spin-coated PES layer on silicon dioxide slides were investigated using other analytical techniques that include the static water contact angle, scanning probe microscope (SPM), and Raman spectroscopy. This green modification slightly improved both the membranes' performance and the membranes' bulk properties. The water flux of the modified membranes increased up to 35% relative to the blank (unmodified) membrane, and the protein adsorption was reduced up to 90%. In addition, a very slight change in the membranes' strength was observed. The formed layer(s) most likely contain both free amine groups and hydroxyl groups that are present as brush-like oligomers of 3-AP grafted on the membrane surface.
The use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel is becoming increasingly popular nowadays due to glob... more The use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel is becoming increasingly popular nowadays due to global energy shortage. The interest in using Jatropha as a non-edible oil feedstock is rapidly growing. Biodiesel produced from crude Jatropha oil with NaOH as a catalyst is investigated. Transesterification by methanol is carried out in a closed vessel as a batch system. Factors affecting the process which included the reaction temperature and pressure, reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol to oil and catalyst amount are investigated. The maximum conversion ratio of methyl ester yield of 97.7% was recorded under the conditions of 65 ºC, 1% (by mass) NaOH of the oil mass and 6:1 methanol to oil ratio.
In dye decolorization tests a non-thermal plasma (NTP) corona discharge generated by a high volta... more In dye decolorization tests a non-thermal plasma (NTP) corona discharge generated by a high voltage pin-to-ground plate displayed 82% color removal within 11 min. Total color removal was accomplished after 28 min. Different salts such as KCl, NaCl, CaCl 2 and AlCl 3 were utilized to check the influence of conductivity changes on the dye decolorization process. Higher dye solution conductivity improved the color removal efficiency. The discharge energy and degradation efficiency were computed for diverse concentrations for NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 and AlCl 3 , whereby it was noticed that the salts generally have a small impact on the level of dye decolorization using corona discharge. In addition, the essential reactive species involved in the oxidation of organic dye compounds such as ozone (O 3) generated in treated water and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) were investigated and the energetic species that produced the non-thermal plasma at the optimum operation time were determined. Energy yields for decolorization and Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) were calculated for different concentrations of NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 and AlCl 3. This work may help in designing plasma systems appropriate for treatment of industrial wastewaters polluted by dyes.
Specific Polyaniline (PANI) morphologies such as nanotubes and nanofiber are required for enhanci... more Specific Polyaniline (PANI) morphologies such as nanotubes and nanofiber are required for enhancing its performance in the various applications. CO2 ـــassisted Polyaniline polymerization is a method recently used to produce these anticipated morphologies. In this study, polyaniline nanotube was prepared successfully in the presence of compressed CO2 utilizing Aniline as a monomer and Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. The effect of both reaction temperature and the oxidizing agent feed rate on the morphology and surface area of the produced PANI was investigated. The synthesized PANI was examined by FT-IR, XRD, and BET surface area analysis. Furthermore, SEM was carried out to figure out the morphology of the prepared PANI. It was indicated that Polyaniline nanotubes PANNTs size and homogeneity were affected by the reaction temperature. The averages of the outer and inner diameters of the PANNTs at 25 o C, 45 o C, 65 o C were found to be about (120, 60 nm), (140, 65 nm), and (175, 75 nm) respectively. Also, the produced surface area was slightly augmented with the increase of the temperature. In addition, it was observed that increasing the feeding rate of the APS was associated with the reduction of the size and the surface area of the produced PANI nanotubes.
The sol-gel prepared zinc oxide nanopowder was immobilized onto alginate-polyvinyl alcohol polyme... more The sol-gel prepared zinc oxide nanopowder was immobilized onto alginate-polyvinyl alcohol polymer blend to fabricate novel biocomposite beads. Various physicochemical characterization techniques have been utilized to identify the crystalline, morphological, and chemical structures of both the fabricated zinc oxide hybrid beads and their corresponding zinc oxide nanopowder. The thermal stability investigations demonstrate that ZnO nanopowder stability dramatically decreased with its immobilization into the polymeric alginate and PVA matrix. The formulated beads had very strong mechanical strength and they are difficult to be broken up to 1500 rpm. Moreover, these hybrid beads are chemically stable at the acidic media (pH < 7) especially within the pH range of 2–7. Finally, the applicability of the formulated ZnO hybrid beads for C.I. basic blue 41 (BB41) decolorization from aqueous solution was examined.
In the present work, graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on aluminum (Al) by cathodic electrophoret... more In the present work, graphene oxide (GO) was deposited on aluminum (Al) by cathodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The effects of low thermal annealing (50-200°C) on hydrophobicity of Al-GO samples were investigated by water contact angle (WCA) measurement. The reduction of GO is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The results of EDAX showed that oxygen/carbon atomic ratio has decreased after reduction and this has been confirmed by XPS analysis. The corrosion activity of GOcoated Al samples (Al-GO) was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The surface morphological characterization of bare Al and Al-rGO (samples after thermal annealing) was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after immersion in sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. It was shown that bare samples were damaged after 10 days of immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution and cracks and pits developed during immersion period. However, GO-coated samples were undamaged after immersion in NaCl solution.
2015 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS), 2015
In this article, a dual pin-to-plate high-voltage corona discharge system is introduced to study ... more In this article, a dual pin-to-plate high-voltage corona discharge system is introduced to study experimentally the gap distance, the contact time, the effect of pin and plate materials, the thickness of ground plate and the conductivity on the amount of Acid Blue 25 dye color removal efficiency from polluted water. A study for the optimum air gap distance between dual pin and surface of Acid Blue 25 dye solution is carried out using 3D-EM simulator to find maximum electric field intensity at the tip of both pins. The outcomes display that the best gap for corona discharge is approximately 5 mm for 15-kV source. This separation is constant during the study of other factors. In addition, an investigation of the essential reactive species responsible for oxidation of the dye organic compounds (O 3 in air discharge, O 3 in water, and H 2 O 2) during the experimental time is conducted. Three various materials such as: stainless steel, copper and aluminum are used for pins and plate. The maximum color removal efficiencies of Acid Blue 25 dyes are 99.03, 82.04, and 90.78% after treatment time 15 min for stainless steel, copper, and aluminum, respectively. Measurement results for the impact of thickness of an aluminum ground plate on color removal competence show color removal efficiencies of 86.3, 90.78, and 98.06% after treatment time 15 min for thicknesses of 2, 0.5, and 0.1 mm, respectively. The increasing of the solution conductivity leads to the reduction of decolorization efficiency. A kinetic model is used to define the performance of corona discharge system. The models of pseudozero-order, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order reaction kinetics are utilized to investigate the decolorization of Acid Blue 25 dye. The rate of degradation of Acid Blue 25 dye follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics in the dye concentration.
This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of rotating copper p... more This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of rotating copper parts in a solution of NaCl and Na 2 S by using one of triazole derivatives namely 4-Amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole (AHT) as corrosion inhibitor. The potentiodynamic technique was used for investigation of the effect of different variables on the corrosion of rotating copper such as rotational speed, initial S-2 concentration, rotating copper diameter, solution temperature and initial AHT inhibitor concentration. The results showed that AHT inhibitor can improve the corrosion resistance of rotating copper parts by a factor ranging from1.30 to 1.66 depending on AHT inhibitor concentration and rotational speed. The results show that the activation energy for corrosion of copper in 3.5% sodium chloride solution and 10ppm S-2 without the inhibitor ranges from 0.7 to 1.07kCal/gmol while it ranges from 1.879 to 3.366kCal/gmol in the presence of 10ppm of AHT corrosion inhibitor depending on the rotational speed which indicate that the process is mainly diffusion controlled.
This work investigates the effect of electrolyte concentration (%NaCl) and organic loading (oxali... more This work investigates the effect of electrolyte concentration (%NaCl) and organic loading (oxalic acid concentration) on the performance of a newly developed electrode of polyaniline coated graphite (PANG). The galvanostatic technique was used for building the new electrode under different aniline concentrations. The PANG electrode was characterized using different techniques such as FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The characterization results indicated that PANI was deposited on the graphite surface in the conductive form. The developed electrode was then investigated for its specific energy consumption and its kinetic performance in the electrooxidation of oxalic acid under different electrolyte concentrations (%NaCl) and different initial oxalic acid concentrations. The results showed that the PANG electrode is more efficient than the bare graphite electrode in both improving the reaction rate and increasing the energy efficiency of the process. The results showed that the mass transfer coefficient could be related to the concentrations of the different components by the relation: K= a C NaCl. C oxalic-0.556. The electrooxidation index (EOI) of the new PANG electrode was found to be much higher than that of the bare graphite electrode by a factor ranging from 15 to 800% depending on the solution composition.
This work investigates the possibility of removing nitrate ions (NO 3-) from wastewater by using ... more This work investigates the possibility of removing nitrate ions (NO 3-) from wastewater by using monopolar vertical aluminum electrodes in a batch electrochemical unit. Variables studied were current density, initial NO 3 concentration, initial solution pH, electrolysis time and anode diameter. The results show that up to 90% of NO 3 can be removed in approximately 80 minutes. To throw some light on the economy of the process power consumption was measured against current density and percentage removal. The results show that the ratio (% removal/power consumption) dramatically decreased from 34.9 to 0.45 by increasing the current density from 3 to 13 mA/m 2 which suggests that the economy of the process is favored by low current densities.
The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of improving corrosion resistance o... more The aim of the present work is to investigate the possibility of improving corrosion resistance of the galvanic coupling of steel and zinc by coating steel with a layer of polyaniline (PANi) conducting polymer. The galvanostatic technique was used for forming the PANi layer using a potentiostat (EG&G A-273 Potentiostat/Galvanostat). Many variables were investigated for their effect on the characteristics of the formed coat layer such as: applied current density, aniline monomer concentration, and solution pH. The formed coat layer was investigated using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Finally the corrosion resistance ability of the galvanic coupling of PANi coated steel coupled with zinc was investigated using the electrochemical methods such as Tafel method. The results show that the corrosion rate of the galvanic coupling of PANi coated steel and zinc has been decreased by a factor ranging from 1.4 up to 1.51 than the coupling without coat, depending on the operating conditions.
This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of reinforced concre... more This work investigates the possibility of improving the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete against corrosive mediums mainly represented by chloride and sulfate ions by using polyaniline (PANi) coating. The polyaniline layer was formed using the galvanostatic technique and investigated for its composition by using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The potentiodynamic technique was used for investigating the corrosion resistance of the PANi coated steel while coupled with stainless steel and used for reinforcing a layer of concrete, containing different concentrations of corrosive materials such as NaCl and H 2 SO 4 the corrosion current was measured against Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The main variables investigated were the initial concentration of both Cland SO4-2 and the time interval from 0 to 28 days (initial hardening period). The results showed that using polyaniline coating has improved the corrosion resistance of reinforced concrete against Clby a factor ranging from1.10 to 1.90 and by a factor ranging from 1.30 to 1.60% against SO4-2 of its value compared to uncoated steel depending on initial concentration of Cland SO4-2 respectively. In addition the results showed that Clis superior to SO 4-2 in causing corrosion of steel. The corrosion rate of steel subjected to Clions is higher than that of SO 4-2 by a factor of 1.688 and 1.815 for both bare and polyaniline coated steel respectively.
This work investigates the performance of batch electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of a m... more This work investigates the performance of batch electrocoagulation reactor for the removal of a mixture of phosphate and nitrate ions from wastewater. Experimental results show that phosphate and nitrate removal efficiency was improved by increasing both current density and initial solution pH while it was decreasing by increasing initial phosphate and/or nitrate concentrations. Experimental results further show that the electrocoagulation process can be described by a first order rate equation for the removal of both phosphate and nitrae. A correlations for the effect of initial phosphate concentration, nitrate concentration and current density were deduced and an overall correllation for the unit performance under different operating parameters in the form: K =0.033 C N-0.247 C P-0.147 I 0.206 was deduced. This equation can be used for the preliminary design of an electrocoagulation unit used for phosphate and nitrate mixture removal from wastewater.
This work investigates the reaction kinetics of phosphate removal from hot industrial effluent st... more This work investigates the reaction kinetics of phosphate removal from hot industrial effluent streams in a continuous-recirculating electrocoagulation reactor using monopolar aluminum electrodes. The effects of several variables on the unit performance were also investigated. Results show that the rate of phosphate removal follows a first order reaction kinetics and that the percent of phosphate removal increases by increasing the solution circulation flow rate, increasing current density, and the solution temperature while it was found to decrease by increasing the initial phosphate ions concentration. Data generated in this study allow for a thorough analysis of the electrocoagulation reaction kinetics, the reaction activation energy, and the reaction rate controlling mechanism as well as the effects of several important parameters on the reactor's performance and the phosphate removal process economic viability.
The most significant issue affecting the electric efficiency of solar panels is overheating. Conc... more The most significant issue affecting the electric efficiency of solar panels is overheating. Concentration photovoltaic (CPV) modules work by converting approximately 80% of sunlight to heat; this may exceed the cell operating temperature limits. Therefore, thermal management is the best choice for keeping such panels working under specified conditions. Prior to producing an actual solar indoor unit, the current research primarily focuses on optimizing the heat sink dimensions that affect the cooling performance of the solar panel. Two parametric studies were employed to optimize the microchannel heat sink design. First, a two-dimensional numerical study was implemented to optimize the best channel height for more uniform flow inside a double-layer microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS); the width of channels was kept as a constant value. Second, a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer model for fluid flow in the optimized heat sink was used to optimize the inlet/outlet header length....
International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Innovation, 2022
The main property required of metallic biomaterials such as Titanium foam for biomedical applicat... more The main property required of metallic biomaterials such as Titanium foam for biomedical applications is to be a biocompatible material. Good mechanical properties, osseointegration, high corrosion resistance, and excellent wear resistance are required. Furthermore, it is crucial for improving the biological and mechanical properties of the highly porous structure of titanium foams as implant materials for dental implants. Owing to its outstanding mechanical properties, low density, and high chemical resistance, titanium-based foams have various promising applications. This paper aims to highlight the significance of porosity in the blend of dental implants of Titanium foam with bone tissue and the space holder fabrication method presently being studied. It has been found that the preservative built-up technique is promising for controlling both pore size and shape to achieve the optimum biological properties of Titanium foam. Titanium foam has been successfully synthesized through ...
In this work investigation for the effect of compressed CO2 on the morphology of the produced Pol... more In this work investigation for the effect of compressed CO2 on the morphology of the produced Polyaniline (PANI) was carried out. The conventional oxidative polymerization using ammonium peroxydisulfate as oxidizing agent was used with and without compressed CO2. The results showed that different morphologies of PANI nanorods and PANI nanoparticles were produced using the conventional polymerization with and without compressed CO2 respectively. Molecular characterization of the produced materials using FTIR and XRD showed that the two prepared Polyaniline forms using the two different techniques are of the emeraldine salt state. It was indicated that PANI nanoparticles structure has an average diameter of 50nm, while PANI nanorods structure was found to have an average length of 4μm and average diameters of 95nm. The effect of the PANI morphological structure on the Acid blue 25 dye decolorization process was studied. The PANI nanorods recorded higher rate of dye decolorization of 9...
2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2016
The color removal performance using non-thermal plasma system (NTP) corona discharge type generat... more The color removal performance using non-thermal plasma system (NTP) corona discharge type generated from high voltage pin-to-ground plate display 82% color clearing at 11min. The total complete color removal was accomplished within 28min. Likewise, various salts as KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3 was used for check the influence of the conductivity. The increasing of conductivity signs that the reduction in color removal efficiency. The discharge energy and degradation competence are computed at diverse concentration for NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3. It was noticed that the salts compact the amount and the level of decolorization. In addition the investigated of the essential reactive species complicated in oxidation of dye organic compounds are O3 in treated water and H2O2. So the measurement for the energetic species that produced throughout the non-thermal plasma at the optimum operation time like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ozone (O3). The benefits from this work in designing the pla...
International Journal of Solar Thermal Vacuum Engineering, 2020
Contaminated waste water treatment and clean water scarcity are current challenges acutely in the... more Contaminated waste water treatment and clean water scarcity are current challenges acutely in the Asian and African continents. This paper bestows applied co-precipitation technique for the fabrication of Magnetic Graphene Nano-Composites (MGNCs) for water treatment purposes. In this paper, characterization procedures were applied to delineate numerous physical and chemical properties of the synthetic MGNCs and mixing performance for several designed microreactors were determined using the Dushman's method in comparison to two parallel reactions. The mixing timings for different microreactors at flow rates between 100 and 300 ml/hr were determined. MCNCs were utilised to remove an Acid Blue 25 dye as a pollutant from water at diverse types of microreactors. The comparison between the various microreactors' performance and mixing time was accomplished. The maximum instantaneous removal capacity of graphene-based nanomaterial was recorded using K.M micro mixer about 68% for 10 ppm dye concentration.
Membrane fouling can be considered the major obstacle in the application of membranes in differen... more Membrane fouling can be considered the major obstacle in the application of membranes in different separation processes. This drawback can be minimized (or avoided) by cutting off the interaction between the foulant itself and the membrane's surface. For that, membrane surface modification has been presented as an effective tool to improve the membrane's performance. In the current paper, laccase-catalyzed bio-grafting of 3-aminophenol (3-AP) onto poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membranes is presented. This modification was carried out at room temperature and in aqueous medium using green catalyst; thus, the process can be safely labelled "green surface modification". The modified PES membranes were evaluated based on their performance and bulk properties. The effects of modifications on the membranes' performance, the flux reduction, and the protein repellence were assessed. Also, the flux reduction due to (irreversible) protein adsorption was determined. The change in the color of the modified membranes was also correlated to the amount of the added modifier per unit membrane area (the grafting yield). Both blank and modified membranes were characterized using TGA, DSC, XRD, FTIR-ATR, 1 H-NMR, SEM as well as mechanical strength testing. Moreover, the shape and structure of the modified layer(s) grafted on the spin-coated PES layer on silicon dioxide slides were investigated using other analytical techniques that include the static water contact angle, scanning probe microscope (SPM), and Raman spectroscopy. This green modification slightly improved both the membranes' performance and the membranes' bulk properties. The water flux of the modified membranes increased up to 35% relative to the blank (unmodified) membrane, and the protein adsorption was reduced up to 90%. In addition, a very slight change in the membranes' strength was observed. The formed layer(s) most likely contain both free amine groups and hydroxyl groups that are present as brush-like oligomers of 3-AP grafted on the membrane surface.
The use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel is becoming increasingly popular nowadays due to glob... more The use of biodiesel as an alternative fuel is becoming increasingly popular nowadays due to global energy shortage. The interest in using Jatropha as a non-edible oil feedstock is rapidly growing. Biodiesel produced from crude Jatropha oil with NaOH as a catalyst is investigated. Transesterification by methanol is carried out in a closed vessel as a batch system. Factors affecting the process which included the reaction temperature and pressure, reaction time, the molar ratio of methanol to oil and catalyst amount are investigated. The maximum conversion ratio of methyl ester yield of 97.7% was recorded under the conditions of 65 ºC, 1% (by mass) NaOH of the oil mass and 6:1 methanol to oil ratio.
In dye decolorization tests a non-thermal plasma (NTP) corona discharge generated by a high volta... more In dye decolorization tests a non-thermal plasma (NTP) corona discharge generated by a high voltage pin-to-ground plate displayed 82% color removal within 11 min. Total color removal was accomplished after 28 min. Different salts such as KCl, NaCl, CaCl 2 and AlCl 3 were utilized to check the influence of conductivity changes on the dye decolorization process. Higher dye solution conductivity improved the color removal efficiency. The discharge energy and degradation efficiency were computed for diverse concentrations for NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 and AlCl 3 , whereby it was noticed that the salts generally have a small impact on the level of dye decolorization using corona discharge. In addition, the essential reactive species involved in the oxidation of organic dye compounds such as ozone (O 3) generated in treated water and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) were investigated and the energetic species that produced the non-thermal plasma at the optimum operation time were determined. Energy yields for decolorization and Electrical Energy per Order (EE/O) were calculated for different concentrations of NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 and AlCl 3. This work may help in designing plasma systems appropriate for treatment of industrial wastewaters polluted by dyes.
Specific Polyaniline (PANI) morphologies such as nanotubes and nanofiber are required for enhanci... more Specific Polyaniline (PANI) morphologies such as nanotubes and nanofiber are required for enhancing its performance in the various applications. CO2 ـــassisted Polyaniline polymerization is a method recently used to produce these anticipated morphologies. In this study, polyaniline nanotube was prepared successfully in the presence of compressed CO2 utilizing Aniline as a monomer and Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) as an oxidizing agent. The effect of both reaction temperature and the oxidizing agent feed rate on the morphology and surface area of the produced PANI was investigated. The synthesized PANI was examined by FT-IR, XRD, and BET surface area analysis. Furthermore, SEM was carried out to figure out the morphology of the prepared PANI. It was indicated that Polyaniline nanotubes PANNTs size and homogeneity were affected by the reaction temperature. The averages of the outer and inner diameters of the PANNTs at 25 o C, 45 o C, 65 o C were found to be about (120, 60 nm), (140, 65 nm), and (175, 75 nm) respectively. Also, the produced surface area was slightly augmented with the increase of the temperature. In addition, it was observed that increasing the feeding rate of the APS was associated with the reduction of the size and the surface area of the produced PANI nanotubes.
The sol-gel prepared zinc oxide nanopowder was immobilized onto alginate-polyvinyl alcohol polyme... more The sol-gel prepared zinc oxide nanopowder was immobilized onto alginate-polyvinyl alcohol polymer blend to fabricate novel biocomposite beads. Various physicochemical characterization techniques have been utilized to identify the crystalline, morphological, and chemical structures of both the fabricated zinc oxide hybrid beads and their corresponding zinc oxide nanopowder. The thermal stability investigations demonstrate that ZnO nanopowder stability dramatically decreased with its immobilization into the polymeric alginate and PVA matrix. The formulated beads had very strong mechanical strength and they are difficult to be broken up to 1500 rpm. Moreover, these hybrid beads are chemically stable at the acidic media (pH < 7) especially within the pH range of 2–7. Finally, the applicability of the formulated ZnO hybrid beads for C.I. basic blue 41 (BB41) decolorization from aqueous solution was examined.
Uploads
Papers by H. Elshazly