BackgroundChildren are more vulnerable to developing active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection ... more BackgroundChildren are more vulnerable to developing active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the contribution of childhood tuberculosis and its treatment outcomes have not been well documented, and no research has been conducted in eastern Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the treatment outcome and its predictors of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia from September 1, 2017 to January 30, 2018.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in eight selected hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Data on 2002 children with tuberculosis was extracted by using the standard checklist of the national tuberculosis treatment format. Treatment outcomes were determined according to the standard definitions of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme. Data were entered into Epi Data software version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multiv...
Objective: Undernutrition in the elderly has adverse effects on physiological functions and vario... more Objective: Undernutrition in the elderly has adverse effects on physiological functions and various clinical outcomes. In Ethiopia, similar to many developing countries, there is a dearth of epidemiological data on the nutritional status of the elderly. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among the elderly population enrolled in the Public Servants Social Security Agency in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 337 elderly adults from June to August 2020. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Tool Short Form assessed the nutritional status of the elderly. Data were entered in Epi Data software version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Ordinal logistic regression assessed factors associated with undernutrition, using variables with a p value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Result: The magnitude of undernutrition was 16.6% and 45.1% were at risk of undernutrition. Being una...
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative rod belonging to the order Enterobacterales ... more Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative rod belonging to the order Enterobacterales and having a wide distribution in the environment, including the human colon. Recently the bacterium is one of the known problems in the healthcare setting as it has become resistant to last-resort drugs like carbapenems. The colonized person can serve as a reservoir for his/herself and others, especially in the healthcare setting leading to nosocomial and opportunistic infections. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively estimate the rate of prevalence and incidence of colonization with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, WHO Index Medicus, and others. All studies (published and unpublished) addressing the prevalence/ incidence of K. pneumoniae colonization were included in the study. Data were extracted onto format in Microsoft Excel and pooled estimates with 95% confidence inter...
Background: Malnutrition in surgical patients is found to be associated with reduced wound healin... more Background: Malnutrition in surgical patients is found to be associated with reduced wound healing, increased complication rates, length of hospital stay, mortality, and healthcare costs than normally nourished patients. There are higher magnitude was reported from surgical patients in different studies abroad. However, there is no study conducted in eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess magnitude of malnutrition and associated factors among adult surgical patients. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among 398 consecutively admitted surgical patients in Jugel and Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital from December 20, 2018 to November, 2019.Data was collected using pre tested structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and dietary diversity assessment were made at admission and discharge of the patient. Capillary blood sample was collected for hemoglobin measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Result: A to...
Additional file 1:Data extraction and summary sheet. Sheet 1 (character): participant information... more Additional file 1:Data extraction and summary sheet. Sheet 1 (character): participant information and culture positive rate of Otitis media. Sheet 2 (isolates): Bacterial isolates from Otitis media. Sheet 3 (susceptibility): Drug susceptibility test of isolates.
Background: Group A Streptococcus has been recognized as an important human pathogen and it remai... more Background: Group A Streptococcus has been recognized as an important human pathogen and it remains among the top ten causes of mortality from an infectious disease. Group A Streptococcus throat carriage plays an important role in the development of infection and transmission to contacts. In Ethiopia, there is little information about screening of children for Group A Streptococcus carriage.Objective: This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of throat carriage, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Group A Streptococus among healthy school children in Jigjiga city, Eastern Ethiopia from 12 April to 27 May 2021.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 462 healthy school children in ages ranging from 7 to 14 years. The throat sample was collected using a sterile cotton swab. Identification of Group A Streptococcus was done by colony characterstics, gram staining, catalase negativity, bactricin sensitivity and Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase tests. Ant...
Table S2. Data abstraction format. The table presented the ways of data collection (study charact... more Table S2. Data abstraction format. The table presented the ways of data collection (study characteristics and outcome measures) in Microsoft excel format. It also contained a raw data for outcome analyses. (XLSX 27â kb)
Background. Intestinal parasitic infection affects the health and quality of life of people livin... more Background. Intestinal parasitic infection affects the health and quality of life of people living with HIV. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among HIV positive individuals who are naive and who are on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 371 (112 ART-naive group and 259 on ART) HIV positive individuals. Stool specimens were collected and examined by direct wet mount, formol ether concentration technique, and modified ziehl-Neelsen methods. Results. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 33.7%; it was significantly higher among the study participants who were ARTnaive group (45.5%) (AOR: 2.60(1.56,4.34)) and diarrheic (53.3%) (AOR: 2.30(1.34,3.96)) and with CD 4 count <200 cells/ L (46%) (AOR: 2.07(1.06,4.04)). The most commonly identified parasites were Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (13.5%), Giardia lamblia (8.1%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.0%), and Cryptosporidium species (2.2%). Conclusion. HIV positive individuals with diarrhea and low CD 4 count and ART naive groups were more infected with intestinal parasites than their counterparts. Early stool examination and treatment of intestinal parasites for HIV/AIDS patients is essential.
Prevalence of anemia and nutritional status among HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral ... more Prevalence of anemia and nutritional status among HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Harar, eastern ethiopa
HIV self-testing practices among Health Care Workers: feasibility and options for accelerating HI... more HIV self-testing practices among Health Care Workers: feasibility and options for accelerating HIV testing services in Ethiopia
Objective: Cervical cancer, which is caused by human papillomavirus, is one of the common cancers... more Objective: Cervical cancer, which is caused by human papillomavirus, is one of the common cancers in women worldwide. The proportion of precancerous cervical lesion among HIV-infected women has not been investigated yet in this study area. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of precancerous cervical lesion and associated factors among HIV-infected women on ART in Woldia and Dessie Hospitals, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 HIV patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and visual inspection. Pap smear test was employed for confirmation of cancer. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. A logistic regression model was considered to identify predictors of precancerous cervical lesions. Those variables with P < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall proportion of precancerous lesion among HIV-infecte...
Background: Malnutrition is a major public health concern, for it affects the health, growth, dev... more Background: Malnutrition is a major public health concern, for it affects the health, growth, development, and academic performance of school children. However, there is hardly any clear and updated information on the problem in Babile town; therefore, this study was designed to assess the nutritional status of the schoolchildren in Babile Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was done in two public elementary schools in Babile town from May 14 to June 8, 2012. The study included 632 primary schoolchildren who were selected by a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected through a standardized and pretested interview questionnaire. The study subjects’ height and weight was measured via anthropometric measurements, their nutritional status through anthropometric indicators of body mass index for age (BMI for age) and height-for-age, and their stool samples via parasitological procedures. The data were analyzed by AnthroPlus software and SPSS Version 16, and ...
Background: In Ethiopia, multidrug resistant tuberculosis is a major public health problem. Howev... more Background: In Ethiopia, multidrug resistant tuberculosis is a major public health problem. However, information is scarce regarding MDR-TB and associated factors. Objective: The study was aimed to assess the magnitude of multidrug resistance and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among adult smear-positive patients in Harari regional state health facilities, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 395 adult smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending health facilities from March to October 2019. Smearpositive sputum samples were collected from health facilities, and transported to Harari Health Research and Regional Laboratory, and tested for drug susceptibility using a line probe assay. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses with 95% confidence intervals were carried out to identify factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Results: The overall magnitude of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 3.8% (15/395) (95% CI: 2.0-5.8%). Being male (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.16, 20.5), patients with a previous history of tuberculosis (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.5, 29.6), treatment failure (AOR = 8.5; 95% CI: 1.61, 45.3), treatment default (AOR = 10.38; 95% CI: 1.86, 58.0), human immunodeficiency virus co-infection (AOR = 9.83.95% CI: 3, 21, 30.1) and a previous history of contact with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients (AOR = 14.4; 95% CI: 3.1, 67.6) had higher odds of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion: The overall magnitude of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was high. Strengthening the tuberculosis control program by giving special attention to HIV co-infected patients, treatment failure and default, previously infected patients as well as to those individuals who have a history of contact with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infected patients .
BackgroundOtitis media is inflammation of the middle ear, comprising a spectrum of diseases. It i... more BackgroundOtitis media is inflammation of the middle ear, comprising a spectrum of diseases. It is the commonest episode of infection in children, which often occurs after an acute upper respiratory tract infection. Otitis media is ranked as the second most important cause of hearing loss and the fifth global burden of disease with a higher incidence in developing worlds like Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed to quantitatively estimate the current status of bacterial otitis media, bacterial etiology and their susceptibility profile in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsA literature search was conducted from major databases and indexing services including EMBASE (Ovid interface), PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, WHO African Index-Medicus and others. All studies (published and unpublished) addressing the prevalence of otitis media and clinical isolates conducted in sub-Saharan Africa were included. Format prepared in M...
BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly decreased the morbidity and mortality due to ... more BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly decreased the morbidity and mortality due to HIV/AIDS. ART regimen change is a major challenge for the sustainability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment program. This is found to be a major concern among HIV/AIDS patients in a resource-limited setting, where treatment options are limited.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to generate the best available evidence regarding the magnitude of first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen change and the causes for regimen change among HIV patients on ART in Ethiopia.MethodsThe reviewed studies were accessed through electronic web-based search strategy from PubMed Medline, EMBASE, Hinari, Springer link and Google Scholar. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata software version 13 for analyses. The overall pooled estimation of outcomes was calculated using a random-effect model of DerSimonian–Laird method at 95% confidence level. Heterogeneity of studies ...
Introduction: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living wi... more Introduction: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome worldwide. Although Human Immunodeficiency Virus related tuberculosis is both treatable and preventable, incidence rates continue to climb in developing countries where both infections are endemic. The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcome of tuberculosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients attending in three hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective clinical record review was conducted for 627 Tuberculosis and Human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients registered from January 2008 to January 2014 cards were reviewed in three hospitals of tuberculosis clinics of Eastern Ethiopia from December 2015 to February 2016. The three hospitals were selected based on their high patient load of TB-HIV co infection and the presence of ART and TB units. Data on patient's details and tuberculosis treatment outcome were collected using standardized report format of National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTLCP). The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 16. Results: The overall treatment success rate was 78.3%. Of the total TB-HIV co infected study participants, 17.9% cured, 60.4% treatment completed, 8.6% died, 0.6% failure, 1.8% defaulter and 10.7% transferred out. Those participants in the age groups of less than or equals to 18 years old (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.990, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.01, 3.350), extra pulmonary tuberculosis (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.51, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.12, 3.42), on antiretro viral therapy (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.54, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.252, 3.910) were more likely to have higher treatment outcome than each of the above variables counter parts. Conclusion: The rate of treatment success in this study was lower than recommended rate by World Health Organization. Thus this study recommends improving counseling during tuberculosis treatment, providing home visits and motivation of patients, improving defaulter tracing and health information dissemination in order to reduce treatment interruption.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of cardiovascular disease risk fac... more Objective The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult diabetic patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital and Jugal Hospital, eastern Ethiopia. Methods An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 416 study participants (age ≥18 years) from February to March 2017. Data were collected using: structured questionnaires, measurements of weight, height, and blood pressure, and laboratory examination of blood lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and fasting blood glucose. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software packages. The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with diabetes type, age, and sex was assessed by chi-square test. Result The mean age of study participants was 52 years and 44% were male. Dyslipidemia (90.6%), physical inactivity (76%), and hypertension (62.7%) were the most common ca...
BackgroundChildren are more vulnerable to developing active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection ... more BackgroundChildren are more vulnerable to developing active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the contribution of childhood tuberculosis and its treatment outcomes have not been well documented, and no research has been conducted in eastern Ethiopia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the treatment outcome and its predictors of pediatric tuberculosis in eastern Ethiopia from September 1, 2017 to January 30, 2018.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in eight selected hospitals in eastern Ethiopia. Data on 2002 children with tuberculosis was extracted by using the standard checklist of the national tuberculosis treatment format. Treatment outcomes were determined according to the standard definitions of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme. Data were entered into Epi Data software version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Bivariable and multiv...
Objective: Undernutrition in the elderly has adverse effects on physiological functions and vario... more Objective: Undernutrition in the elderly has adverse effects on physiological functions and various clinical outcomes. In Ethiopia, similar to many developing countries, there is a dearth of epidemiological data on the nutritional status of the elderly. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and associated factors among the elderly population enrolled in the Public Servants Social Security Agency in Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 337 elderly adults from June to August 2020. The Mini Nutritional Assessment Tool Short Form assessed the nutritional status of the elderly. Data were entered in Epi Data software version 3.1 and transferred to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Ordinal logistic regression assessed factors associated with undernutrition, using variables with a p value less than 0.05 as statistically significant. Result: The magnitude of undernutrition was 16.6% and 45.1% were at risk of undernutrition. Being una...
Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative rod belonging to the order Enterobacterales ... more Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative rod belonging to the order Enterobacterales and having a wide distribution in the environment, including the human colon. Recently the bacterium is one of the known problems in the healthcare setting as it has become resistant to last-resort drugs like carbapenems. The colonized person can serve as a reservoir for his/herself and others, especially in the healthcare setting leading to nosocomial and opportunistic infections. Therefore, we aimed to quantitatively estimate the rate of prevalence and incidence of colonization with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae.Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, WHO Index Medicus, and others. All studies (published and unpublished) addressing the prevalence/ incidence of K. pneumoniae colonization were included in the study. Data were extracted onto format in Microsoft Excel and pooled estimates with 95% confidence inter...
Background: Malnutrition in surgical patients is found to be associated with reduced wound healin... more Background: Malnutrition in surgical patients is found to be associated with reduced wound healing, increased complication rates, length of hospital stay, mortality, and healthcare costs than normally nourished patients. There are higher magnitude was reported from surgical patients in different studies abroad. However, there is no study conducted in eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess magnitude of malnutrition and associated factors among adult surgical patients. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted among 398 consecutively admitted surgical patients in Jugel and Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital from December 20, 2018 to November, 2019.Data was collected using pre tested structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements and dietary diversity assessment were made at admission and discharge of the patient. Capillary blood sample was collected for hemoglobin measurement. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Result: A to...
Additional file 1:Data extraction and summary sheet. Sheet 1 (character): participant information... more Additional file 1:Data extraction and summary sheet. Sheet 1 (character): participant information and culture positive rate of Otitis media. Sheet 2 (isolates): Bacterial isolates from Otitis media. Sheet 3 (susceptibility): Drug susceptibility test of isolates.
Background: Group A Streptococcus has been recognized as an important human pathogen and it remai... more Background: Group A Streptococcus has been recognized as an important human pathogen and it remains among the top ten causes of mortality from an infectious disease. Group A Streptococcus throat carriage plays an important role in the development of infection and transmission to contacts. In Ethiopia, there is little information about screening of children for Group A Streptococcus carriage.Objective: This study was aimed to assess the magnitude of throat carriage, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Group A Streptococus among healthy school children in Jigjiga city, Eastern Ethiopia from 12 April to 27 May 2021.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 462 healthy school children in ages ranging from 7 to 14 years. The throat sample was collected using a sterile cotton swab. Identification of Group A Streptococcus was done by colony characterstics, gram staining, catalase negativity, bactricin sensitivity and Pyrrolidonyl arylamidase tests. Ant...
Table S2. Data abstraction format. The table presented the ways of data collection (study charact... more Table S2. Data abstraction format. The table presented the ways of data collection (study characteristics and outcome measures) in Microsoft excel format. It also contained a raw data for outcome analyses. (XLSX 27â kb)
Background. Intestinal parasitic infection affects the health and quality of life of people livin... more Background. Intestinal parasitic infection affects the health and quality of life of people living with HIV. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among HIV positive individuals who are naive and who are on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 371 (112 ART-naive group and 259 on ART) HIV positive individuals. Stool specimens were collected and examined by direct wet mount, formol ether concentration technique, and modified ziehl-Neelsen methods. Results. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 33.7%; it was significantly higher among the study participants who were ARTnaive group (45.5%) (AOR: 2.60(1.56,4.34)) and diarrheic (53.3%) (AOR: 2.30(1.34,3.96)) and with CD 4 count <200 cells/ L (46%) (AOR: 2.07(1.06,4.04)). The most commonly identified parasites were Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (13.5%), Giardia lamblia (8.1%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.0%), and Cryptosporidium species (2.2%). Conclusion. HIV positive individuals with diarrhea and low CD 4 count and ART naive groups were more infected with intestinal parasites than their counterparts. Early stool examination and treatment of intestinal parasites for HIV/AIDS patients is essential.
Prevalence of anemia and nutritional status among HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral ... more Prevalence of anemia and nutritional status among HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Harar, eastern ethiopa
HIV self-testing practices among Health Care Workers: feasibility and options for accelerating HI... more HIV self-testing practices among Health Care Workers: feasibility and options for accelerating HIV testing services in Ethiopia
Objective: Cervical cancer, which is caused by human papillomavirus, is one of the common cancers... more Objective: Cervical cancer, which is caused by human papillomavirus, is one of the common cancers in women worldwide. The proportion of precancerous cervical lesion among HIV-infected women has not been investigated yet in this study area. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of precancerous cervical lesion and associated factors among HIV-infected women on ART in Woldia and Dessie Hospitals, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 HIV patients. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and visual inspection. Pap smear test was employed for confirmation of cancer. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings. A logistic regression model was considered to identify predictors of precancerous cervical lesions. Those variables with P < 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant. Results: The overall proportion of precancerous lesion among HIV-infecte...
Background: Malnutrition is a major public health concern, for it affects the health, growth, dev... more Background: Malnutrition is a major public health concern, for it affects the health, growth, development, and academic performance of school children. However, there is hardly any clear and updated information on the problem in Babile town; therefore, this study was designed to assess the nutritional status of the schoolchildren in Babile Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was done in two public elementary schools in Babile town from May 14 to June 8, 2012. The study included 632 primary schoolchildren who were selected by a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected through a standardized and pretested interview questionnaire. The study subjects’ height and weight was measured via anthropometric measurements, their nutritional status through anthropometric indicators of body mass index for age (BMI for age) and height-for-age, and their stool samples via parasitological procedures. The data were analyzed by AnthroPlus software and SPSS Version 16, and ...
Background: In Ethiopia, multidrug resistant tuberculosis is a major public health problem. Howev... more Background: In Ethiopia, multidrug resistant tuberculosis is a major public health problem. However, information is scarce regarding MDR-TB and associated factors. Objective: The study was aimed to assess the magnitude of multidrug resistance and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among adult smear-positive patients in Harari regional state health facilities, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 395 adult smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients attending health facilities from March to October 2019. Smearpositive sputum samples were collected from health facilities, and transported to Harari Health Research and Regional Laboratory, and tested for drug susceptibility using a line probe assay. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses with 95% confidence intervals were carried out to identify factors associated with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Results: The overall magnitude of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was 3.8% (15/395) (95% CI: 2.0-5.8%). Being male (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.16, 20.5), patients with a previous history of tuberculosis (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.5, 29.6), treatment failure (AOR = 8.5; 95% CI: 1.61, 45.3), treatment default (AOR = 10.38; 95% CI: 1.86, 58.0), human immunodeficiency virus co-infection (AOR = 9.83.95% CI: 3, 21, 30.1) and a previous history of contact with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients (AOR = 14.4; 95% CI: 3.1, 67.6) had higher odds of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Conclusion: The overall magnitude of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis was high. Strengthening the tuberculosis control program by giving special attention to HIV co-infected patients, treatment failure and default, previously infected patients as well as to those individuals who have a history of contact with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis infected patients .
BackgroundOtitis media is inflammation of the middle ear, comprising a spectrum of diseases. It i... more BackgroundOtitis media is inflammation of the middle ear, comprising a spectrum of diseases. It is the commonest episode of infection in children, which often occurs after an acute upper respiratory tract infection. Otitis media is ranked as the second most important cause of hearing loss and the fifth global burden of disease with a higher incidence in developing worlds like Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed to quantitatively estimate the current status of bacterial otitis media, bacterial etiology and their susceptibility profile in sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsA literature search was conducted from major databases and indexing services including EMBASE (Ovid interface), PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, WHO African Index-Medicus and others. All studies (published and unpublished) addressing the prevalence of otitis media and clinical isolates conducted in sub-Saharan Africa were included. Format prepared in M...
BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly decreased the morbidity and mortality due to ... more BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) has markedly decreased the morbidity and mortality due to HIV/AIDS. ART regimen change is a major challenge for the sustainability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment program. This is found to be a major concern among HIV/AIDS patients in a resource-limited setting, where treatment options are limited.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to generate the best available evidence regarding the magnitude of first-line antiretroviral therapy regimen change and the causes for regimen change among HIV patients on ART in Ethiopia.MethodsThe reviewed studies were accessed through electronic web-based search strategy from PubMed Medline, EMBASE, Hinari, Springer link and Google Scholar. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and exported to Stata software version 13 for analyses. The overall pooled estimation of outcomes was calculated using a random-effect model of DerSimonian–Laird method at 95% confidence level. Heterogeneity of studies ...
Introduction: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living wi... more Introduction: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome worldwide. Although Human Immunodeficiency Virus related tuberculosis is both treatable and preventable, incidence rates continue to climb in developing countries where both infections are endemic. The aim of this study was to assess the treatment outcome of tuberculosis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients attending in three hospitals of Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective clinical record review was conducted for 627 Tuberculosis and Human immunodeficiency virus co-infected patients registered from January 2008 to January 2014 cards were reviewed in three hospitals of tuberculosis clinics of Eastern Ethiopia from December 2015 to February 2016. The three hospitals were selected based on their high patient load of TB-HIV co infection and the presence of ART and TB units. Data on patient's details and tuberculosis treatment outcome were collected using standardized report format of National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme (NTLCP). The collected data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 16. Results: The overall treatment success rate was 78.3%. Of the total TB-HIV co infected study participants, 17.9% cured, 60.4% treatment completed, 8.6% died, 0.6% failure, 1.8% defaulter and 10.7% transferred out. Those participants in the age groups of less than or equals to 18 years old (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.990, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.01, 3.350), extra pulmonary tuberculosis (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.51, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.12, 3.42), on antiretro viral therapy (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.54, 95% Confidence Interval = 1.252, 3.910) were more likely to have higher treatment outcome than each of the above variables counter parts. Conclusion: The rate of treatment success in this study was lower than recommended rate by World Health Organization. Thus this study recommends improving counseling during tuberculosis treatment, providing home visits and motivation of patients, improving defaulter tracing and health information dissemination in order to reduce treatment interruption.
Objective The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of cardiovascular disease risk fac... more Objective The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult diabetic patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital and Jugal Hospital, eastern Ethiopia. Methods An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 416 study participants (age ≥18 years) from February to March 2017. Data were collected using: structured questionnaires, measurements of weight, height, and blood pressure, and laboratory examination of blood lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and fasting blood glucose. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software packages. The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with diabetes type, age, and sex was assessed by chi-square test. Result The mean age of study participants was 52 years and 44% were male. Dyslipidemia (90.6%), physical inactivity (76%), and hypertension (62.7%) were the most common ca...
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