Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
Bu çalışmada daha önceden deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olan biyokütle gazlaştırma süreci, He... more Bu çalışmada daha önceden deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olan biyokütle gazlaştırma süreci, Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği (HAD) ve Termodinamik Denge Yaklaşımı ile modellenmiş ve gaz ürün bileşimleri belirlenmiştir. Biyokütle olarak çalışmada pirinç kabuğu alınmıştır. Sıcaklık 750 – 900 C aralığında, ER değeri 0,3-0,45 aralığında ve S/B oranı 0,2-1,0 aralığında tutulmuştur. Sıcaklıktaki artış genel olarak H2 ve CO bileşimini artırırken CO2 bileşimini azaltmıştır. LHV değeri ise genel olarak sıcaklıkla artan bir davranış göstermiştir. ER değerindeki artış ise H2 ve CO ve CH4 bileşimi ile LHV değerini azaltmıştır. S/B oranındaki artış ise H2 , CO2 ve CH4 bileşimini artırırken CO bileşimi ve LHV değerini azaltmıştır. Tüm ürün bileşimi dikkate alındığında HAD yaklaşımının Termodinamik Denge Yaklaşımına kıyasla deneysel verilere daha yakın sonuç verdiği, Termodinamik Denge Yaklaşımının ise H2 ve CH4 bileşimi açısından iyi sonuç vermediği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar sonucunda HAD ya...
TÜBİTAK MİSAG Proje01.08.2004Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de orman endüstrisi, gıda endüstrisi ve ta... more TÜBİTAK MİSAG Proje01.08.2004Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de orman endüstrisi, gıda endüstrisi ve tarım artıklarından kaynaklanan biyokütlenin bir envanteri çıkarılmış, ve bu artıkların 1990-2000 yılları arasında nasıl bir değişiklik gösterdiği ortaya koyulmuştur. Daha sonra seçilen artıkların kabarcıklı ve dolaşımlı akışkan yatakta yanma karakteristikleri incelenmiş, özellikle emisyonları en aza indirecek yanma koşullarının ne olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. Yakılması denenen biyokütleler zeytinyağı endüstrisi artığı olan prina, meyve suyu endüstrisi artığı olan kayısı ve şeftali çekirdekleri, ayçiçeği ve pamuk yağı endüstrisi artıkları olan ayçiçeği posası ve pamuk çiğidi posasıdır. Bu artıkların yanma özellikleri, Türkiye' de en çok kullanılan linyit kömürlerinden biri olan ve ağırlıkça %1.8 kükürt içeren kömürün aynı sistemde yanması ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, artık olarak kullanılan biyokütlenin tek olarak yakılması yanında, kömürle değişik oranlarda karışımları hazırlanmış, y...
Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 2021
In this study, it was aimed to control the formation of flow regimes planned to be in the gasific... more In this study, it was aimed to control the formation of flow regimes planned to be in the gasification process on the model, and the hydrodynamic structure of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier was obtained using the MFIX program. For this purpose, a model was established before pilot scale systems and hydrodynamic modeling was performed by entering the system dimensions that were calculated analytically. Because it is a necessary condition from the point of view of the chemical reaction to ensure the fluid bed regime of the gasifier, which is designated as a solid model, is a necessary condition. For this reason, the system whose geometry was determined and semi-empirical modeling was performed was modeled under previously determined operating conditions using the PIC (Eulerian-Lagrangian) model in the MFIX package program. In this technique, while fluid behavior is resolved by the Euler structure, particle behaviour is considered by the Lagrangian structure. The numeral effects are in great arrangement with the empiric datum showing that MFIX-PIC methods are reasonable among concentrated gas-solid network simulation. The primary characteristics of gas-solid streams in CFB are qualitatively determined by an ordinary annular flux form inside the main bed. The pressure inclination formed in the gas phase inside the lower and upper zones of the CFB bed column indicated turbulent and irregular gas-solid streams in lower and upper zones. The increased superficial gas velocity conducts to a further dissymmetrical gas axial velocity model, which shows improved effect in the recycling frame for gas homogeneity due to the over gas velocity. The superficial gas velocity obtained as a result of the MFIX-PIC modelling was found to be 7m/s for 100 kWth gas yield in the gasifier. The superficial gas velocity is the most basic parameter to be used both in the experimental parameter and in the thermochemical simulation.
Alternative energies, particularly energy from biomass represents an important role among the ene... more Alternative energies, particularly energy from biomass represents an important role among the energy sources of the countries whose energy depends on import. The utilization of the biomass provides sustainable and environmentally¬ friendly benefits as well as the possibility of dispose of the industrial wastes safely and effectively, without harming the environment. Compared to the solid fossil fuels, biomass contains much more moisture and volatile which can affect profoundly the fuel handling and feeding systems; therefore, the conventional combustion technologies are inconvenient for the biomass fuels combustion. For solving these problems, technologies based on fluidized bed (e.g. circulating fluidized bed) can be considered as the most proper remedy for industrial combustion of solid biomass fuels. In this regard, firing of vegetable oil production industrial wastes (e.g. sunflower meal and hull) in a Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) can be an appropriate possibility for thermal energy generation. By applying this technology, removal of process waste can be achieved with minimum environmental effects, on the other hand, energy supply at an oil production facility can be based mostly on waste biomass, and therefore, there will be no need to fossil fuels. In this study, combustion of the waste of a typical sunflower oil production facility in a 0.1 MWth CFB combustor under 850¬880ºC of bed temperature is investigated. Combustor efficiency and concentration of O2, CO2, CO, NOx and CmHn in flue gas are recorded based on continuous measurement principle. Moreover, a non¬isothermal thermogravimetry analysis, in which the biomass sample is burned with O2 and is applied, in order to obtain the combustion characteristic of the sunflower meal. Performance results of the sunflower meal combustion in the Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor (CFBC) are presented. These results suggest that combustion of sunflower meal in a CFB combustor can be utilized for clean and effective energy generation in sunflower oil production f [...]
The heat output of ceiling mounted radiant panels with dimensions of 1.5m x 1.9m x 0.052m were in... more The heat output of ceiling mounted radiant panels with dimensions of 1.5m x 1.9m x 0.052m were investigated for inlet-outlet temperatures of 50/30°C, 60/40°C, 70/50°C, 80/60°C and 90/70°C in a temperature controlled space. The experimental results were compared with results of an accredited laboratory, and a fair agreement was obtained. In addition, computational investigations for the radiant panel with the same dimensions were performed, in a space heated with radiant heater with constant surface temperatures in the range of 40°C – 150°C. It was observed that the numerical results are in agreement with the experimental values. The numerical results showed that, radiation as well as natural convection heat transfer mechanisms occur, and the portion of radiation heat transfer is at a rate of approximately 80%. The heat output increases almost linearly with the increase of temperature.
In this study, a water tube type steam boiler has been designed to burn refuse derived fuel (RDF)... more In this study, a water tube type steam boiler has been designed to burn refuse derived fuel (RDF) and coal together. The combustion process was carried out in a water pipe type steam boiler and the heat energy of the fuel was used to evaporate and superheat the water in the boiler. And the superheated water steam has entered in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, and the system produce superheated N-pentane steam for its turbine to produce 2.0 MWe. The designed water pipe steam boiler has been operated as a fluidized bed combustion system. The properties of water pipe steam boiler system have been explained in detail in this article. Detailed investigations have been done using RDF and coal co-combustion in a water pipe circulating type fluidized bed combustion system. Furthermore the cost analysis of the designed water pipe steam boiler components has also been done.
Gunumuzde temel enerji kaynaklarinin omurlerinin belirlenmesiyle enerji tasarrufu, tum ulkelerin ... more Gunumuzde temel enerji kaynaklarinin omurlerinin belirlenmesiyle enerji tasarrufu, tum ulkelerin ortak hedefi olmustur. Yenilenebilir enerji uzerinde yogunlasan yonetimler bu yonde tesviklerle calismalarini surdurmektedirler. Bu calismadaki amac, kentsel atiklardan enerji uretim teknolojilerinin degerlendirilmesinin bir incelenmesidir. Belediye atiklarindan enerji uretmek icin cesitli yontemler mevcuttur. Bu teknolojiler temelde duzenli depolama gazi uretme ve anaeorobik curutmedir. Bu metotlar kullanilarak cop gazi (biyogaz) uretimi yapilabilir ve en uygun yakma teknolojileri kullanilarak isi enerjisi uretilir. Bu enerjiyi mekanik enerjiye donusturerek elektrik enerjisi uretimi gerceklestirilir. Bu calismada, dunyada depo gazi uretimi ve depo gazinin kullanilmasiyla ilgili literatur calismasi yapilmistir. Bu calismada, tasarlanan atik isi kazani ve buhar turbini ile gaz motoru milinden uretilen 2x1,2 MWe elektrik enerjisinin yaninda, baca gazlarindan 512 kWe elektrik enerjisi ureti...
Fly ash, which is a by-product of combustion in furnaces or boilers, is used in certain materials... more Fly ash, which is a by-product of combustion in furnaces or boilers, is used in certain materials as an additive for waste recycling. The optical properties of fly ash and the effects on the heat transfer phenomena of materials used in engineering applications differ and depend on the kind of solid fuel and the combustion conditions. The morphological and the radiative properties of fly ash samples of Turkish lignite, biomass, and hard coal that are burned in different thermal power plants were studied herein. The samples, which were collected from cyclones, were morphologically examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and their chemical compositions were analysed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Absorbance measurements were made in the wavelength range from 2.5 to 25 μm, and the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) was applied for a numerical assessment of the radiative properties of the samples. The measured absorbance values of all samples for particle diameters of 25 and 75 μm displayed significant differences in the related wavelength range. The most prominent change was observed in the biomass sample, and the hard coal fly ash had the lowest absorbance values in the related spectrum range. Although the particle shapes of lignite and biomass fly ashes are not same, the changes in the measured absorbance values were similar. The effects of the k index of the complex refractive index (CRI) on the radiative properties were examined for values of 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0. According to the measured absorption values and the calculated absorption efficiency results, the k index may be between 0.3 and 1.0 at the related wavelength range. It was concluded that the effects of the particle size and absorption index of fly ash on the heat transfer properties are important in the specified wavelength range.
Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies, 2012
Poultry Wastes (PW) are rich biomass types which can be utilized as renewable energy sources in e... more Poultry Wastes (PW) are rich biomass types which can be utilized as renewable energy sources in energy conversion systems. The PW is a mixture of poultry litter and organic materials spread on the poultry houses ground. In this paper, combustion of the poultry waste alone and mixed with coal in a combustor set up are implemented, and emissions are monitored. Experimental results reveal that, co-combustion of PW in an existing combustor firing coal can be considered as the best environment-friendly remedy to dispose the facility wastes while reducing the combustion emissions of the system.
The effects of the above-mentioned parameters on exergy destruction, and CO 2 emission of the pow... more The effects of the above-mentioned parameters on exergy destruction, and CO 2 emission of the power plant are determined for circulating fluidized bed power plant co-firing. The aim of this study is to perform thermodynamic analysis on Çan Circulating Fluidized Bed Power Plant (CFBPP) co-fired with olive pits. The results of this study also show that the total exergy damage of the plant is about 295 MW and the net exergy yield is 31.26%. The majority (252.40 MW) of exergy destruction occurs in the main boiler and accounts for 86.05% of the total exergy breakdown of CFBPP through exergy analysis. The results show that CFBPP has an effective feature of biomass supplement for exergetic performance and CO 2 emissions.
Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies, 2013
Recovering energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most important issues of energy ... more Recovering energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most important issues of energy management in developed countries. This raises even more interest as world fossil fuel reserves diminish and fuel prices rise. Being one of main processes of waste disposal, anaerobic digestion can be used as a means to reduce fossil fuel and electricity consumption as well as reducing emissions. With growing demand for cooling in Turkey, especially during warm seasons and considering the energy costs, utilizing heat-driven absorption cooling systems coupled with an anaerobic digester for local cooling purposes is a potentially interesting alternative for electricity driven compression cooling. The aim of this article is to study the viability of utilizing biogas obtained from MSW anaerobic digestion as the main fuel for heating facilities of Gazi University, Turkey and also the energy source for an absorption cooling system designed for the central library of the aforementioned campus. ...
Trigeneration or Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP) which is based upon combined heat and po... more Trigeneration or Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP) which is based upon combined heat and power (CHP) systems coupled to an absorption chiller can be recognized as one of the best technologies recovering biomass effectively to heat, cooling and power. Co-gasification of the lignite and biomass can provide the possibility for safe and effective disposal of different waste types as well as for sustainable and environmentally-friendly production of energy. In this article, a trigeneration system based on an IC engine and gasifier reactor has been simulated and realized using Thermoflex simulation software. Performance results suggest that utilization of sustainably-grown biomass in a Tri-Generation Power Plant (TGPP) can be a possibility for providing cooling, heat and power demands with local renewable sources and reducing the environmental impacts of the energy conversion systems.
Bu calismada, farkli yontemlerle elde edilen gunes enerjisi olcumlerinin uygulamada ne tur farkli... more Bu calismada, farkli yontemlerle elde edilen gunes enerjisi olcumlerinin uygulamada ne tur farkliliklar meydana getirecegi arastirilmistir. Calisma alani olarak Igdir‐Aralik ilcesi secilmis, GEPA’dan alinan veriler ile Kriging metoduyla elde edilen degerler karsilastirilmistir. Bu farkliligi belirlemek amaciyla gunes enerjisi isil sistemler uygulamasinda sicak su elde etmek icin aktinograf ve otomatik istasyon verileri kullanilarak sicak su temini icin kullanilacak kolektor sayisi adedi de her iki yontem icin ayri ayri hesaplanmistir. Calismada, Igdir ilinde otomatik istasyon olmadigindan verileri karsilastirmak icin en yakin istasyon olan Agri‐Dogubayazit istasyon verileri kullanilmistir. Birbirine cok yakin olan istasyonlardaki verilerden farkli sonuclar elde edildigi gorulmustur.
Gunumuzde fosil kokenli enerji kaynaklarina bagimlilik, bu kaynaklarin sinirli olmasi ve cevresel... more Gunumuzde fosil kokenli enerji kaynaklarina bagimlilik, bu kaynaklarin sinirli olmasi ve cevresel problemler nedeniyle ozellikle gelismis ve ulke ekonomileri sanayiye dayali ulkelerde, enerji politikalarinda bir takim bunalimlari gundeme getirmistir. Deneysel calismada, orman urunleri kokenli biyokutlenin, dolasimli akiskan yatakli bir gazlastirici duzeneginde gazlasma davranisi ve ozellikleri deneysel olarak incelenmistir. Gazlastirma isi kaynagi olarak, yatak dis yuzeylerinde konumlanan kelepceli elektrikli isiticilar ve biyokutlenin eksik yanma isilari kullanilmistir. Farkli yatak sicaklik ve akiskanlastirma havasi hizlarinda olusan sentetik gazin icerigi analiz edilmis ve sonuclar irdelenmistir. Bu calismada, cam, gurgen agac talasi ve gurgen agac kabugu numuneleri kullanilmis, deneysel olcum ve hesaplamalar sonucunda, cam, gurgen agac talasi ve gurgen agac kabugunun gazlasma verimleri sirasiyla %26,1, %26,7, %9,9 bulunmustur.
In this study, a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) of 125 mm diameter and 1800 mm height was used t... more In this study, a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) of 125 mm diameter and 1800 mm height was used to find the combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS) produced in Turkey. Sludge + olive cake, and sludge + lignite coal mixtures were burned separately. Various sludge-to-lignite coal and sludge-to-olive cake ratios (5/95, 10/90, 15/85, 20/80) were tried. On-line concentrations of major components (O2, SO2, CO2, CO, NO x , C m H n ) were measured in the flue gas, as well as temperature and pressure distributions along the bed. Combustion efficiencies of sludge + olive cake and sludge + lignite coal mixtures were calculated, and the optimum conditions for operating parameters were discussed. The results have shown that the combustion mainly takes place in the upper regions of the main column where the temperature reaches 900°C. SS + Coal burn in the CFB with an efficiency of 95.14% to 96.18%, which is considered to be quite good. When burning sludge mixed with olive cake, appreciab...
This study implies the significance of a trigeneration (TG) system, which converts a single fuel ... more This study implies the significance of a trigeneration (TG) system, which converts a single fuel source into three useful energy products (i.e. power, heating and cooling), and focuses on the simulation of a trigeneration system with direct co-combustion of poultry wastes. The methodology is applied to a case study in northwest of Turkey to investigate how local poultry manure and environmental conditions can be effective in the production of energy. In addition, thermodynamic assessment of the system is performed, and the performance of the trigeneration system is assessed by using energy, exergy and parametric analysis methods. Poultry litter to coal ratio was 50 % at the beginning, then poultry litter ratio in the mixture was increased to 90 %, and this has led to less CO2 emissions from the TG and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems co-firing with poultry litter. With rice husk however the consumptions of TG and CHP increased from 6533 to 6624 t/year, and 6549 to 6640 t/year, ...
Akiskan yatakta yakma teknolojisi, basta komur olmak uzere, biyokutle, endustriyel ve evsel atikl... more Akiskan yatakta yakma teknolojisi, basta komur olmak uzere, biyokutle, endustriyel ve evsel atiklari temiz - verimli bir sekilde yakabilen, gunumuzde sayisi hizla artan, basarili santral uygulamalari sergileyen bir enerji donusum teknolojisidir. Dusuk isil degerleri, yuksek kukurt, kul ve nem icerikleri nedeniyle ulkemiz linyitlerine uygun bir yakma sistemi teknolojisi gerekmektedir. Akiskan yatak teknolojisi, ozellikle dusuk kaliteli komurlerin yakilmasi konusunda pulverize komur teknolojilerine gore yuksek verim ve emisyon kontrolu sagladigi icin oldukca tercih edilen bir teknolojidir. Akiskan yatakli kazanlarda yatagin cok yogun turbulansli olmasi ve yanma odasini doldurmasi nedeni ile isitma yuzeylerine olan isi transferi, diger yakma sistemlerine kiyasla cok daha buyuktur. Bu calismada, bir akiskan yatakta rejim bolgesinin isi transferine etkisi incelenmistir.
Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
Bu çalışmada daha önceden deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olan biyokütle gazlaştırma süreci, He... more Bu çalışmada daha önceden deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmiş olan biyokütle gazlaştırma süreci, Hesaplamalı Akışkanlar Dinamiği (HAD) ve Termodinamik Denge Yaklaşımı ile modellenmiş ve gaz ürün bileşimleri belirlenmiştir. Biyokütle olarak çalışmada pirinç kabuğu alınmıştır. Sıcaklık 750 – 900 C aralığında, ER değeri 0,3-0,45 aralığında ve S/B oranı 0,2-1,0 aralığında tutulmuştur. Sıcaklıktaki artış genel olarak H2 ve CO bileşimini artırırken CO2 bileşimini azaltmıştır. LHV değeri ise genel olarak sıcaklıkla artan bir davranış göstermiştir. ER değerindeki artış ise H2 ve CO ve CH4 bileşimi ile LHV değerini azaltmıştır. S/B oranındaki artış ise H2 , CO2 ve CH4 bileşimini artırırken CO bileşimi ve LHV değerini azaltmıştır. Tüm ürün bileşimi dikkate alındığında HAD yaklaşımının Termodinamik Denge Yaklaşımına kıyasla deneysel verilere daha yakın sonuç verdiği, Termodinamik Denge Yaklaşımının ise H2 ve CH4 bileşimi açısından iyi sonuç vermediği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar sonucunda HAD ya...
TÜBİTAK MİSAG Proje01.08.2004Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de orman endüstrisi, gıda endüstrisi ve ta... more TÜBİTAK MİSAG Proje01.08.2004Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de orman endüstrisi, gıda endüstrisi ve tarım artıklarından kaynaklanan biyokütlenin bir envanteri çıkarılmış, ve bu artıkların 1990-2000 yılları arasında nasıl bir değişiklik gösterdiği ortaya koyulmuştur. Daha sonra seçilen artıkların kabarcıklı ve dolaşımlı akışkan yatakta yanma karakteristikleri incelenmiş, özellikle emisyonları en aza indirecek yanma koşullarının ne olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. Yakılması denenen biyokütleler zeytinyağı endüstrisi artığı olan prina, meyve suyu endüstrisi artığı olan kayısı ve şeftali çekirdekleri, ayçiçeği ve pamuk yağı endüstrisi artıkları olan ayçiçeği posası ve pamuk çiğidi posasıdır. Bu artıkların yanma özellikleri, Türkiye' de en çok kullanılan linyit kömürlerinden biri olan ve ağırlıkça %1.8 kükürt içeren kömürün aynı sistemde yanması ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, artık olarak kullanılan biyokütlenin tek olarak yakılması yanında, kömürle değişik oranlarda karışımları hazırlanmış, y...
Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation, 2021
In this study, it was aimed to control the formation of flow regimes planned to be in the gasific... more In this study, it was aimed to control the formation of flow regimes planned to be in the gasification process on the model, and the hydrodynamic structure of the circulating fluidized bed gasifier was obtained using the MFIX program. For this purpose, a model was established before pilot scale systems and hydrodynamic modeling was performed by entering the system dimensions that were calculated analytically. Because it is a necessary condition from the point of view of the chemical reaction to ensure the fluid bed regime of the gasifier, which is designated as a solid model, is a necessary condition. For this reason, the system whose geometry was determined and semi-empirical modeling was performed was modeled under previously determined operating conditions using the PIC (Eulerian-Lagrangian) model in the MFIX package program. In this technique, while fluid behavior is resolved by the Euler structure, particle behaviour is considered by the Lagrangian structure. The numeral effects are in great arrangement with the empiric datum showing that MFIX-PIC methods are reasonable among concentrated gas-solid network simulation. The primary characteristics of gas-solid streams in CFB are qualitatively determined by an ordinary annular flux form inside the main bed. The pressure inclination formed in the gas phase inside the lower and upper zones of the CFB bed column indicated turbulent and irregular gas-solid streams in lower and upper zones. The increased superficial gas velocity conducts to a further dissymmetrical gas axial velocity model, which shows improved effect in the recycling frame for gas homogeneity due to the over gas velocity. The superficial gas velocity obtained as a result of the MFIX-PIC modelling was found to be 7m/s for 100 kWth gas yield in the gasifier. The superficial gas velocity is the most basic parameter to be used both in the experimental parameter and in the thermochemical simulation.
Alternative energies, particularly energy from biomass represents an important role among the ene... more Alternative energies, particularly energy from biomass represents an important role among the energy sources of the countries whose energy depends on import. The utilization of the biomass provides sustainable and environmentally¬ friendly benefits as well as the possibility of dispose of the industrial wastes safely and effectively, without harming the environment. Compared to the solid fossil fuels, biomass contains much more moisture and volatile which can affect profoundly the fuel handling and feeding systems; therefore, the conventional combustion technologies are inconvenient for the biomass fuels combustion. For solving these problems, technologies based on fluidized bed (e.g. circulating fluidized bed) can be considered as the most proper remedy for industrial combustion of solid biomass fuels. In this regard, firing of vegetable oil production industrial wastes (e.g. sunflower meal and hull) in a Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) can be an appropriate possibility for thermal energy generation. By applying this technology, removal of process waste can be achieved with minimum environmental effects, on the other hand, energy supply at an oil production facility can be based mostly on waste biomass, and therefore, there will be no need to fossil fuels. In this study, combustion of the waste of a typical sunflower oil production facility in a 0.1 MWth CFB combustor under 850¬880ºC of bed temperature is investigated. Combustor efficiency and concentration of O2, CO2, CO, NOx and CmHn in flue gas are recorded based on continuous measurement principle. Moreover, a non¬isothermal thermogravimetry analysis, in which the biomass sample is burned with O2 and is applied, in order to obtain the combustion characteristic of the sunflower meal. Performance results of the sunflower meal combustion in the Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustor (CFBC) are presented. These results suggest that combustion of sunflower meal in a CFB combustor can be utilized for clean and effective energy generation in sunflower oil production f [...]
The heat output of ceiling mounted radiant panels with dimensions of 1.5m x 1.9m x 0.052m were in... more The heat output of ceiling mounted radiant panels with dimensions of 1.5m x 1.9m x 0.052m were investigated for inlet-outlet temperatures of 50/30°C, 60/40°C, 70/50°C, 80/60°C and 90/70°C in a temperature controlled space. The experimental results were compared with results of an accredited laboratory, and a fair agreement was obtained. In addition, computational investigations for the radiant panel with the same dimensions were performed, in a space heated with radiant heater with constant surface temperatures in the range of 40°C – 150°C. It was observed that the numerical results are in agreement with the experimental values. The numerical results showed that, radiation as well as natural convection heat transfer mechanisms occur, and the portion of radiation heat transfer is at a rate of approximately 80%. The heat output increases almost linearly with the increase of temperature.
In this study, a water tube type steam boiler has been designed to burn refuse derived fuel (RDF)... more In this study, a water tube type steam boiler has been designed to burn refuse derived fuel (RDF) and coal together. The combustion process was carried out in a water pipe type steam boiler and the heat energy of the fuel was used to evaporate and superheat the water in the boiler. And the superheated water steam has entered in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system, and the system produce superheated N-pentane steam for its turbine to produce 2.0 MWe. The designed water pipe steam boiler has been operated as a fluidized bed combustion system. The properties of water pipe steam boiler system have been explained in detail in this article. Detailed investigations have been done using RDF and coal co-combustion in a water pipe circulating type fluidized bed combustion system. Furthermore the cost analysis of the designed water pipe steam boiler components has also been done.
Gunumuzde temel enerji kaynaklarinin omurlerinin belirlenmesiyle enerji tasarrufu, tum ulkelerin ... more Gunumuzde temel enerji kaynaklarinin omurlerinin belirlenmesiyle enerji tasarrufu, tum ulkelerin ortak hedefi olmustur. Yenilenebilir enerji uzerinde yogunlasan yonetimler bu yonde tesviklerle calismalarini surdurmektedirler. Bu calismadaki amac, kentsel atiklardan enerji uretim teknolojilerinin degerlendirilmesinin bir incelenmesidir. Belediye atiklarindan enerji uretmek icin cesitli yontemler mevcuttur. Bu teknolojiler temelde duzenli depolama gazi uretme ve anaeorobik curutmedir. Bu metotlar kullanilarak cop gazi (biyogaz) uretimi yapilabilir ve en uygun yakma teknolojileri kullanilarak isi enerjisi uretilir. Bu enerjiyi mekanik enerjiye donusturerek elektrik enerjisi uretimi gerceklestirilir. Bu calismada, dunyada depo gazi uretimi ve depo gazinin kullanilmasiyla ilgili literatur calismasi yapilmistir. Bu calismada, tasarlanan atik isi kazani ve buhar turbini ile gaz motoru milinden uretilen 2x1,2 MWe elektrik enerjisinin yaninda, baca gazlarindan 512 kWe elektrik enerjisi ureti...
Fly ash, which is a by-product of combustion in furnaces or boilers, is used in certain materials... more Fly ash, which is a by-product of combustion in furnaces or boilers, is used in certain materials as an additive for waste recycling. The optical properties of fly ash and the effects on the heat transfer phenomena of materials used in engineering applications differ and depend on the kind of solid fuel and the combustion conditions. The morphological and the radiative properties of fly ash samples of Turkish lignite, biomass, and hard coal that are burned in different thermal power plants were studied herein. The samples, which were collected from cyclones, were morphologically examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and their chemical compositions were analysed by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Absorbance measurements were made in the wavelength range from 2.5 to 25 μm, and the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) was applied for a numerical assessment of the radiative properties of the samples. The measured absorbance values of all samples for particle diameters of 25 and 75 μm displayed significant differences in the related wavelength range. The most prominent change was observed in the biomass sample, and the hard coal fly ash had the lowest absorbance values in the related spectrum range. Although the particle shapes of lignite and biomass fly ashes are not same, the changes in the measured absorbance values were similar. The effects of the k index of the complex refractive index (CRI) on the radiative properties were examined for values of 0.01, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0. According to the measured absorption values and the calculated absorption efficiency results, the k index may be between 0.3 and 1.0 at the related wavelength range. It was concluded that the effects of the particle size and absorption index of fly ash on the heat transfer properties are important in the specified wavelength range.
Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies, 2012
Poultry Wastes (PW) are rich biomass types which can be utilized as renewable energy sources in e... more Poultry Wastes (PW) are rich biomass types which can be utilized as renewable energy sources in energy conversion systems. The PW is a mixture of poultry litter and organic materials spread on the poultry houses ground. In this paper, combustion of the poultry waste alone and mixed with coal in a combustor set up are implemented, and emissions are monitored. Experimental results reveal that, co-combustion of PW in an existing combustor firing coal can be considered as the best environment-friendly remedy to dispose the facility wastes while reducing the combustion emissions of the system.
The effects of the above-mentioned parameters on exergy destruction, and CO 2 emission of the pow... more The effects of the above-mentioned parameters on exergy destruction, and CO 2 emission of the power plant are determined for circulating fluidized bed power plant co-firing. The aim of this study is to perform thermodynamic analysis on Çan Circulating Fluidized Bed Power Plant (CFBPP) co-fired with olive pits. The results of this study also show that the total exergy damage of the plant is about 295 MW and the net exergy yield is 31.26%. The majority (252.40 MW) of exergy destruction occurs in the main boiler and accounts for 86.05% of the total exergy breakdown of CFBPP through exergy analysis. The results show that CFBPP has an effective feature of biomass supplement for exergetic performance and CO 2 emissions.
Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies, 2013
Recovering energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most important issues of energy ... more Recovering energy from municipal solid waste (MSW) is one of the most important issues of energy management in developed countries. This raises even more interest as world fossil fuel reserves diminish and fuel prices rise. Being one of main processes of waste disposal, anaerobic digestion can be used as a means to reduce fossil fuel and electricity consumption as well as reducing emissions. With growing demand for cooling in Turkey, especially during warm seasons and considering the energy costs, utilizing heat-driven absorption cooling systems coupled with an anaerobic digester for local cooling purposes is a potentially interesting alternative for electricity driven compression cooling. The aim of this article is to study the viability of utilizing biogas obtained from MSW anaerobic digestion as the main fuel for heating facilities of Gazi University, Turkey and also the energy source for an absorption cooling system designed for the central library of the aforementioned campus. ...
Trigeneration or Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP) which is based upon combined heat and po... more Trigeneration or Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP) which is based upon combined heat and power (CHP) systems coupled to an absorption chiller can be recognized as one of the best technologies recovering biomass effectively to heat, cooling and power. Co-gasification of the lignite and biomass can provide the possibility for safe and effective disposal of different waste types as well as for sustainable and environmentally-friendly production of energy. In this article, a trigeneration system based on an IC engine and gasifier reactor has been simulated and realized using Thermoflex simulation software. Performance results suggest that utilization of sustainably-grown biomass in a Tri-Generation Power Plant (TGPP) can be a possibility for providing cooling, heat and power demands with local renewable sources and reducing the environmental impacts of the energy conversion systems.
Bu calismada, farkli yontemlerle elde edilen gunes enerjisi olcumlerinin uygulamada ne tur farkli... more Bu calismada, farkli yontemlerle elde edilen gunes enerjisi olcumlerinin uygulamada ne tur farkliliklar meydana getirecegi arastirilmistir. Calisma alani olarak Igdir‐Aralik ilcesi secilmis, GEPA’dan alinan veriler ile Kriging metoduyla elde edilen degerler karsilastirilmistir. Bu farkliligi belirlemek amaciyla gunes enerjisi isil sistemler uygulamasinda sicak su elde etmek icin aktinograf ve otomatik istasyon verileri kullanilarak sicak su temini icin kullanilacak kolektor sayisi adedi de her iki yontem icin ayri ayri hesaplanmistir. Calismada, Igdir ilinde otomatik istasyon olmadigindan verileri karsilastirmak icin en yakin istasyon olan Agri‐Dogubayazit istasyon verileri kullanilmistir. Birbirine cok yakin olan istasyonlardaki verilerden farkli sonuclar elde edildigi gorulmustur.
Gunumuzde fosil kokenli enerji kaynaklarina bagimlilik, bu kaynaklarin sinirli olmasi ve cevresel... more Gunumuzde fosil kokenli enerji kaynaklarina bagimlilik, bu kaynaklarin sinirli olmasi ve cevresel problemler nedeniyle ozellikle gelismis ve ulke ekonomileri sanayiye dayali ulkelerde, enerji politikalarinda bir takim bunalimlari gundeme getirmistir. Deneysel calismada, orman urunleri kokenli biyokutlenin, dolasimli akiskan yatakli bir gazlastirici duzeneginde gazlasma davranisi ve ozellikleri deneysel olarak incelenmistir. Gazlastirma isi kaynagi olarak, yatak dis yuzeylerinde konumlanan kelepceli elektrikli isiticilar ve biyokutlenin eksik yanma isilari kullanilmistir. Farkli yatak sicaklik ve akiskanlastirma havasi hizlarinda olusan sentetik gazin icerigi analiz edilmis ve sonuclar irdelenmistir. Bu calismada, cam, gurgen agac talasi ve gurgen agac kabugu numuneleri kullanilmis, deneysel olcum ve hesaplamalar sonucunda, cam, gurgen agac talasi ve gurgen agac kabugunun gazlasma verimleri sirasiyla %26,1, %26,7, %9,9 bulunmustur.
In this study, a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) of 125 mm diameter and 1800 mm height was used t... more In this study, a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) of 125 mm diameter and 1800 mm height was used to find the combustion characteristics of sewage sludge (SS) produced in Turkey. Sludge + olive cake, and sludge + lignite coal mixtures were burned separately. Various sludge-to-lignite coal and sludge-to-olive cake ratios (5/95, 10/90, 15/85, 20/80) were tried. On-line concentrations of major components (O2, SO2, CO2, CO, NO x , C m H n ) were measured in the flue gas, as well as temperature and pressure distributions along the bed. Combustion efficiencies of sludge + olive cake and sludge + lignite coal mixtures were calculated, and the optimum conditions for operating parameters were discussed. The results have shown that the combustion mainly takes place in the upper regions of the main column where the temperature reaches 900°C. SS + Coal burn in the CFB with an efficiency of 95.14% to 96.18%, which is considered to be quite good. When burning sludge mixed with olive cake, appreciab...
This study implies the significance of a trigeneration (TG) system, which converts a single fuel ... more This study implies the significance of a trigeneration (TG) system, which converts a single fuel source into three useful energy products (i.e. power, heating and cooling), and focuses on the simulation of a trigeneration system with direct co-combustion of poultry wastes. The methodology is applied to a case study in northwest of Turkey to investigate how local poultry manure and environmental conditions can be effective in the production of energy. In addition, thermodynamic assessment of the system is performed, and the performance of the trigeneration system is assessed by using energy, exergy and parametric analysis methods. Poultry litter to coal ratio was 50 % at the beginning, then poultry litter ratio in the mixture was increased to 90 %, and this has led to less CO2 emissions from the TG and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems co-firing with poultry litter. With rice husk however the consumptions of TG and CHP increased from 6533 to 6624 t/year, and 6549 to 6640 t/year, ...
Akiskan yatakta yakma teknolojisi, basta komur olmak uzere, biyokutle, endustriyel ve evsel atikl... more Akiskan yatakta yakma teknolojisi, basta komur olmak uzere, biyokutle, endustriyel ve evsel atiklari temiz - verimli bir sekilde yakabilen, gunumuzde sayisi hizla artan, basarili santral uygulamalari sergileyen bir enerji donusum teknolojisidir. Dusuk isil degerleri, yuksek kukurt, kul ve nem icerikleri nedeniyle ulkemiz linyitlerine uygun bir yakma sistemi teknolojisi gerekmektedir. Akiskan yatak teknolojisi, ozellikle dusuk kaliteli komurlerin yakilmasi konusunda pulverize komur teknolojilerine gore yuksek verim ve emisyon kontrolu sagladigi icin oldukca tercih edilen bir teknolojidir. Akiskan yatakli kazanlarda yatagin cok yogun turbulansli olmasi ve yanma odasini doldurmasi nedeni ile isitma yuzeylerine olan isi transferi, diger yakma sistemlerine kiyasla cok daha buyuktur. Bu calismada, bir akiskan yatakta rejim bolgesinin isi transferine etkisi incelenmistir.
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