Background: Bacterial wound infections are a common and serious health problem that can disrupt w... more Background: Bacterial wound infections are a common and serious health problem that can disrupt wound healing, resulting in morbidity and death in patients, particularly due to drug-resistant pathogens. Limited research exists on this topic in eastern Ethiopia. Objective: This study aims to assess aerobic bacteria isolate, their drug susceptibility patterns and associated factors among suspected patients admitted for wound infection at
Background Suboptimal adherence to diabetes diet can drive the occurrence of diabetes complicatio... more Background Suboptimal adherence to diabetes diet can drive the occurrence of diabetes complications. However, the association between adherence to diabetes diet and glycemic control was limited to non-analytical surveys and fasting blood sugar determinationin in low-income countries. Objective This study was aimed to assess the association between adherence to diabetes diet and glycemic control among adult type 2 DM patients on follow-up in selected hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Hospital-based unmactched case-control study was conducted among 156 diabetes patients (104 controls and 52 cases) from May to September 2022. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Blood sugar level was tested using HgA1c test. Cases were patients with HgA1c < 7% while controls had HgA1c ≥ 7%. Descriptive statistics was used to describe all relevant data. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between glycemic control and adherence to diabetes diet and other predictors. Adjusted odds ratios alongside 95% con dence intervals (CIs) were estimated to measure the strength of association between response and explanatory variables at p-value less than 0.05. Results A total of 156 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in this study. The mean (± SD) age of respondents was 52.65(± 9.94) and 51.04 (± 10.84) years among cases and controls respectively. In multivariable analysis, poor adherence to diabetes diet [(
Background Food insecurity has a paramount negative impact on the overall nutritional and health ... more Background Food insecurity has a paramount negative impact on the overall nutritional and health status of people living with the human immune deficiency virus, hence leading to opportunistic infections, rapid disease progression, hospitalizations, poor treatment outcomes, and mortality. Both are intertwined and worsen one another in a vicious cycle through a mixture of nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways that heighten vulnerability to, and worsen the severity of, each condition. Nevertheless, little is known about the magnitude of food insecurity and associated factors among adults on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa countries including the current study area. Objectives To assess the magnitude of food insecurity and associated factors among Adults on Antiretroviral Treatment in Dessie referral hospital South Wollo Zone, Northcentral Ethiopia Methods and Materials: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 randomly selected adult...
Introduction The health and growth of children less than two years of age can be affected by the ... more Introduction The health and growth of children less than two years of age can be affected by the poor quality of complementary foods and poor feeding practices even with optimal breastfeeding. In Ethiopia, empirical evidence on the minimum acceptable diet and its associated factors is limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the level of minimum acceptable diet and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based Cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 575 mother-child pairs. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. For infant and young child feeding practices, the data collection tools were adapted from world health organizations’ standardized questionnaire which is developed in 2007. Data entry and analysis were performed using EPI data version 3.1 and SPSS version 20 respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predi...
Background Anemia is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. Although anemia du... more Background Anemia is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. Although anemia during pregnancy has been adequately investigated, very little is known about postpartum anemia in low income countries like Ethiopia. Objective to assess the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among lactating women visiting health centers in the study area. Methods Facility-based cross-sectional study design was used among randomly selected 509 lactating women who have given birth in the last 6 months prior to the study period. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin concentration using a battery-operated portable Hemo Cue analyzer. Hemoglobin (Hgb) level was measured in gram per deciliter (g/dl). The stool examination was performed for ova and parasite using direct wet mount technique. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data using numerical summary measures, tables, and percentages. Bivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to see the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable. Multivariable binary logistic regression model was tted to control for all possible
Journal of woman's reproductive health, Aug 18, 2020
Background In Ethiopia, the levels of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality are among the h... more Background In Ethiopia, the levels of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality are among the highest in the world. This is attributed to, among other factors, none use of modern health care services by women. According to the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, more than seven in ten mothers did not receive antenatal care at all. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine level and identify factors influencing maternal antenatal care services utilization among mothers who gave birth in the last twelve months in Gelemso town west Hararghe Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross sectional study design was conducted on 347 study participants in Gelemso town west Hararghe Oromia Ethiopia from July 15, 2017 to August 15, 2017 G.C.A probability to proportional to size sampling technique was used to select the study population in two urban Kebeles. Data were collected using a pre tested structured questionairs. Descriptive results were presented using frequencies, and numerical summary measures. Bivariate analysis was carried out to assess the association between outcome variable and each in dependent variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was estimated to identify factors associated with Antenatal Care (ANC) utilization using multivariable logistic regression. The statistical significance was declared at p- value &lt; 0.05. Result The response rate this study was 98%. The prevalence of antenatal care service utilization was 64.6%. About 146 (42.1%) of the pregnant mother started antenatal care visit during the second trimester of pregnancy and a significant proportion 289(83.3%) had less than the recommended four visits. Educational status (AOR;15.19:CI 95%,6.006,38.417), husband attitude (AOR;1.995:CI 95%,1.016,3.916), marital status(AOR:4.587:CI 95%,1.888,11.146), planned pregnancy (AOR:4.938:CI 95%,2.514,9.702) were major factors associated with antenatal care service utilization. Conclusion Though more than half mother used antenatal care service in the study setting, two in ten of the mothers did not have the minimum number of visits recommended by World Health Organization. Promotion of information, education and communication in the community should be strengthened is to sustain antenatal care service utilization in the community.
AbstractBackground : It is well documented that college students are practicing risky sexual beha... more AbstractBackground : It is well documented that college students are practicing risky sexual behaviours globally. Studies conducted inhigh school and few former Ethiopian universities have documented increasing sexual activities among youth. However, there islack of study about the sexual behaviour of students joining newly established universities in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study willhelp to fill the existing information gap and provide data to take immediate evidence based action.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the risky sexual behaviour and factors contributing to it in the face ofsexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV/AIDS among Samara University studentsMethods: The study was conducted in Samara University, Ethiopia from Nov. 10, 2009 to Jan.10, 2010 using across-sectional study design. Questionnaires were self-administered to 422 randomly selected Samara University students. Sixfocus group discussions and three interviews with key informants were also conducted with purposively selected students andstudents’ dean, students’ clinic head and students’ council president, respectively. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressionsanalysis with 95% confidence intervals were used. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, and manually analysed withselected themes.Results: Out of the total respondents, 186(47.9%) of students had sexual experience. Of the 186 sexually experiencedstudents, 112(43.4%) were male and 74(58.7%) were female (p=0.002). In this study, 54.3% of students had sex in theprevious one year whereas 27.7% of them had more than one sexual partner., 72.3 had unplanned/unwanted sex, 55.6 % hadvisited commercial sex workers and 45.7% of the students had sex in exchange for money or gifts in the past one year. Gender,risk perception and having multiple sexual partnerships have found positive association to have had sex. Females were 4 timesmore likely to have sex than males (95%CI; (1.72, 11.59). STI including HIV/AIDS risk perception is a strong predictor ofhaving sex in the last 12 months and multiple sexual partnership (AOR=9.1; 95%CI, (2.59, 31.93, AOR=10.015; 95%CI,2.70-37.78), respectively.Conclusion: The study population are vulnerable to STI including HIV because of their sexual behaviour. Sexual andreproductive health services to reduce risky sexual behaviours and to promote reproductive health education should be designedand improved for university students especially in the universities established in the rural setting like Samara University(Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health , 2012,6(1): 70-81).1
International journal of health sciences, Oct 24, 2017
Background: Appropriate dietary intake determines the disease progression and success of Anti-Ret... more Background: Appropriate dietary intake determines the disease progression and success of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). Undernutrition unacceptably increases the risk of mortality among adults living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). However in resource limited settings including Ethiopia, many of HIV positive clients lack access to sufficient quantities of nutritious food. There is limited evidences showing the magnitude of undernutrition in this segment of the community, particularly in the rural residents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess undernutrition and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending ART clinic in Dembia District. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dembia District from October 1 to 30, 2015. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study subjects. The anthropometric measurement, Body Mass Index, was computed to determine the nutritional status of the study participants. In order to identify factors associated with undernutrition a multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated to show the strength of association. In multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Of the study participants, about 23.2 % [95 % CI: 19.2, 27.2 %] were undernourished in Dembia District. The result of adjusted analysis revealed that, the odds of undernutrition was higher among adults whose age ranged between 18-29 years [AOR = 2.50, 95 % CI: 1.10, 5.69], who had a Cluster of Differentiation (CD)4 count less than 200 cells/mm 3 [
Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, 2016
Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an indepe... more Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an independent prognostic marker of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression in people living with HIV. However, there is limited evidence on the magnitude and its correlates among attendants of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Objective: The aim this study was to determine Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among PHIVs attendants Antiretroviral Therapy clinics in public health institutions in Dire Dawa Town, East Ethiopia Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design was used from mid January to mid February 2014.The study participants were selected by using simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. Hematological and immunological data were collected by using blood samples. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to identify factors associated with anemia among the study population using a multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 41.2%, 95% CI (36.7%, 45.9%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, being female[AOR=1.95, 95% CI (1.22, 3.11)], use of different types of zidovudine (AZT)
Background. Child undernourishment is the disturbance of body function arising from a dietary imb... more Background. Child undernourishment is the disturbance of body function arising from a dietary imbalance between body demand and supply, which is the most serious public health problem in developing countries. Objective. is study aimed to assess the magnitude of nutritional status and associated factors among full-cycle primary schoolchildren in pastoral communities in the Mieso-Mulu district, Sitti Zone, Somali Regional State of Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based crosssectional study design was used. Study participants were selected using two-stage sampling procedures. Data were collected using structured, translated, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaires. e weight and height were measured using a calibrated digital scale and a Seca Rod stadiometer, respectively. Microscopic identification of intestinal parasites was done. Multicollinearity was checked for independent variables. Height for age z scores (HAZ) and body mass index for age z scores (BAZ) were used to determine the nutritional status of children. Logistic regression with both bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis was applied to identify associated factors with the nutritional status of children. Adjusted odds ratios were reported and the level of statistical significance was declared at a P value <0.05. Results. e magnitudes of thinness and stunting were 13.1% [95% CI: 10.6%, 15.7%] and 24.6% [95% CI: 21.3%, 27.9%], respectively. Being male, not using a bed net, and the presence of intestinal parasitic infection were among the factors associated with thinness. Family size of less than five, household food insecurity, and unavailability of the latrine were among the factors associated with stunting. Conclusion. is study revealed that stunting and thinness are major health problems among schoolchildren. Household food insecurity, intestinal parasitic infection, bed net utilization, and the availability of latrine were some of the major factors significantly associated with undernutrition. Local policymakers, health programmers, nutritionists, health practitioners, and nongovernmental organizations should enhance the nutritional status of schoolchildren by using information dissemination interventions, particularly in improving waste disposal, sanitation/hygiene, latrine facilities, and school-based deworming. Furthermore, awareness creation using nutrition promotion and encouraging communities to attempt to diversify locally available and low-cost nutritionally effective food items to improve food consumption and distribution within a household is recommended to reduce the prevalence of undernutrition among schoolchildren.
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess undernutrition and factors associated with, among p... more Objective: The aim of the study was to assess undernutrition and factors associated with, among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was implemented. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire at ART service site. Basic descriptive statistics were computed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between outcome variable and explanatory variables. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition (body mass index [BMI] ≤18.5 kg/m2) among patients on ART was 30%. The mean BMI was 20.3 with standard deviation ± 2.9 kg/m2. Undernutrition was significantly associated with CD4 (200-500) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.576, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.338, 0.979) and CD4 >500 (AOR = 0.431, 95% CI: 0.239-0.778), duration on ART >12 months (AOR = 0.466, 95% CI: 0.224, 0.966), unable to get nutritional care and support (AOR = 2.188, 95% CI: 1.349, 3.549), diarrhea (AOR = 1.641, 95% CI: 1.036, 2.6), khat chewing (AOR = 0.589, 95% CI: 0.377, 0.92), and severe food insecurity (AOR = 1.594, 95% CI: 1.008, 2.521). Conclusions: Our study provides a unique insight into prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition which greatly affect ART outcomes. The study revealed that the undernutrition was found to be high and its problem in HIV-positive patients are interworsen. Diarrhea, severe food insecurity, nutritional care and support, khat chewing, CD4 >200/µl, and duration on ART >12 months were independently associated with undernutrition. Comprehensive nutritional assessment during follow-up and routine nutritional supplement therapy for undernutrition in conjunction with early start on ART need to be initiated.
Background Enteric fever (typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever) is caused by Salmonella enterica s... more Background Enteric fever (typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever) is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and various strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi. It is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries. About 21.6 million people become ill every year, and it results in 216,500 deaths. 1,2 Almost 80% of the cases and deaths were reported from Asia, while the rest (20%) of them were from Africa and Latin America. 2 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was believed to be the major cause of enteric fever worldwide. Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi is also becoming a substantial cause of emerging cases of enteric fever from many Asian countries. 2,3 Low socioeconomic status and poor hygiene conditions 1,4 are responsible for the spread of the infection. 5,6
Background. Anemia is a problem of both the developed and developing world, which occurs in all a... more Background. Anemia is a problem of both the developed and developing world, which occurs in all age groups of the population. Half of the anemia cases are due to iron deficiency and affects physical growth and mental development. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of information about anemia and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Objective. e aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6-23 months. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among 531 mothers/caregivers-children pairs in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia, from February 1 to March 2, 2018. e cluster sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Sociodemographic data were collected from mothers/caregivers using pretested structured questionnaires. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a HemoCue analyzer machine (HemoCue ® Hb 301,Ängelholm, Sweden). All relevant data were described using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, proportions, mean, and standard deviation. Odds ratio and 95% CI were estimated using binary logistic regression to measure the strength of the association between anemia and explanatory variables. e level of statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results. e overall prevalence of anemia was 47.5% (95% CI: 43.1-51.4%) of which 18.3% were mildly anemic, 25% were moderately anemic, and 4.1% were severely anemic. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, household food insecurity (AOR � 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6-4.5), unmet minimum dietary diversity (AOR � 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.3), stunting (AOR � 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.3), and underweight (AOR � 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.4) positively associated with anemia while having ≥4 antenatal care visits (AOR � 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9) and met minimum meal frequency (AOR � 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14-0.45) had a protective effect against anemia. Conclusion. Generally, the study showed that anemia was a severe public health problem among infants and young children in the study setting. Antenatal care visit, meal frequency, dietary diversity, underweight, stunting, and food insecurity significantly associated with anemia. erefore, efforts should be made to strengthen infant and young child feeding practices and antenatal care utilization and ensure household food security, thereby improving the nutritional status of children.
Background. Low dietary diversity superimposed with poor-quality monotonous diets is a major prob... more Background. Low dietary diversity superimposed with poor-quality monotonous diets is a major problem that often results in undernutrition, mainly micronutrient deficiencies. However, there is limited evidence on minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among lactating mothers in resource-poor settings, including the study area. erefore, the objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among lactating mothers in Ataye District, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among 652 lactating mothers aged 15-49 years from January 25 to April 30, 2018. Dietary diversity was measured by the minimum dietary diversity indicator for women (MDD-W) using the 24-hour dietary recall method. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.2.0.0 and exported to the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24 for analysis using the logistic regression model. Results. e prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among lactating mothers was 48.8% (95% CI: (44.7%, 52.9%). Having formal education ((AOR � 2.16, 95% CL: (1.14, 4.09)), a final say on household purchases ((AOR � 5.39, 95% CI: (2.34, 12.42)), home gardening practices ((AOR � 2.67, 95% CI: (1.49, 4.81)), a history of illness ((AOR � 0.47, 95% CI: (0.26, 0.85)), good knowledge of nutrition ((AOR � 5.11, 95% CI: (2.68, 9.78)), being from food-secure households ((AOR � 2.96, 95% CI: (1.45, 6.07)), and medium ((AOR � 5.94, 95% CI: (2.82, 12.87)) and rich wealth indices ((AOR � 3.55, 95% CI: (1.76, 7.13)) were significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity. Conclusion. e prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among lactating mothers was low in the study area. It was significantly associated with mothers having a formal education, final say on the household purchase, home garden, good knowledge of nutrition, history of illness, food-secure households, and belonging to medium and rich household wealth indices. erefore, efforts should be made to improve the mother's decision-making autonomy, nutrition knowledge, household food security, and wealth status.
Anemia is predicted to affect 38% (32 million) of pregnant women worldwide. However, evidence for... more Anemia is predicted to affect 38% (32 million) of pregnant women worldwide. However, evidence for utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors during pregnancy in low-income countries, including Ethiopia, is sparse and inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors among pregnant women in Robe Town, Southeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 445 pregnant women attending antenatal care at health facilities from May to July 2015. A systematic random sampling was used to select respondents. Data were collected using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of compliance with iron supplementation. An odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to estimate the strength of the association. In this study, 54% [9...
Background Globally, anemia affects 1.62 billion people (25%) of which 56 million are pregnant wo... more Background Globally, anemia affects 1.62 billion people (25%) of which 56 million are pregnant women. However, evidence for utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors during pregnancy, in low-income countries, including Ethiopia, was sparse and inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors among pregnant women in Robe Town, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 445 pregnant women attending antenatal care at health facilities from May to July 2015. Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of compliance with iron supplementation. An odds ratio, along with a 95% con dence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strength of the association.
Background: Bacterial wound infections are a common and serious health problem that can disrupt w... more Background: Bacterial wound infections are a common and serious health problem that can disrupt wound healing, resulting in morbidity and death in patients, particularly due to drug-resistant pathogens. Limited research exists on this topic in eastern Ethiopia. Objective: This study aims to assess aerobic bacteria isolate, their drug susceptibility patterns and associated factors among suspected patients admitted for wound infection at
Background Suboptimal adherence to diabetes diet can drive the occurrence of diabetes complicatio... more Background Suboptimal adherence to diabetes diet can drive the occurrence of diabetes complications. However, the association between adherence to diabetes diet and glycemic control was limited to non-analytical surveys and fasting blood sugar determinationin in low-income countries. Objective This study was aimed to assess the association between adherence to diabetes diet and glycemic control among adult type 2 DM patients on follow-up in selected hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Hospital-based unmactched case-control study was conducted among 156 diabetes patients (104 controls and 52 cases) from May to September 2022. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Blood sugar level was tested using HgA1c test. Cases were patients with HgA1c < 7% while controls had HgA1c ≥ 7%. Descriptive statistics was used to describe all relevant data. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between glycemic control and adherence to diabetes diet and other predictors. Adjusted odds ratios alongside 95% con dence intervals (CIs) were estimated to measure the strength of association between response and explanatory variables at p-value less than 0.05. Results A total of 156 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled in this study. The mean (± SD) age of respondents was 52.65(± 9.94) and 51.04 (± 10.84) years among cases and controls respectively. In multivariable analysis, poor adherence to diabetes diet [(
Background Food insecurity has a paramount negative impact on the overall nutritional and health ... more Background Food insecurity has a paramount negative impact on the overall nutritional and health status of people living with the human immune deficiency virus, hence leading to opportunistic infections, rapid disease progression, hospitalizations, poor treatment outcomes, and mortality. Both are intertwined and worsen one another in a vicious cycle through a mixture of nutritional, mental health, and behavioral pathways that heighten vulnerability to, and worsen the severity of, each condition. Nevertheless, little is known about the magnitude of food insecurity and associated factors among adults on antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa countries including the current study area. Objectives To assess the magnitude of food insecurity and associated factors among Adults on Antiretroviral Treatment in Dessie referral hospital South Wollo Zone, Northcentral Ethiopia Methods and Materials: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 randomly selected adult...
Introduction The health and growth of children less than two years of age can be affected by the ... more Introduction The health and growth of children less than two years of age can be affected by the poor quality of complementary foods and poor feeding practices even with optimal breastfeeding. In Ethiopia, empirical evidence on the minimum acceptable diet and its associated factors is limited. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the level of minimum acceptable diet and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based Cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 575 mother-child pairs. A simple random sampling technique was used to recruit participants. For infant and young child feeding practices, the data collection tools were adapted from world health organizations’ standardized questionnaire which is developed in 2007. Data entry and analysis were performed using EPI data version 3.1 and SPSS version 20 respectively. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predi...
Background Anemia is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. Although anemia du... more Background Anemia is one of the most serious public health problems worldwide. Although anemia during pregnancy has been adequately investigated, very little is known about postpartum anemia in low income countries like Ethiopia. Objective to assess the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among lactating women visiting health centers in the study area. Methods Facility-based cross-sectional study design was used among randomly selected 509 lactating women who have given birth in the last 6 months prior to the study period. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected to determine hemoglobin concentration using a battery-operated portable Hemo Cue analyzer. Hemoglobin (Hgb) level was measured in gram per deciliter (g/dl). The stool examination was performed for ova and parasite using direct wet mount technique. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the data using numerical summary measures, tables, and percentages. Bivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to see the association between each independent variable and the outcome variable. Multivariable binary logistic regression model was tted to control for all possible
Journal of woman's reproductive health, Aug 18, 2020
Background In Ethiopia, the levels of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality are among the h... more Background In Ethiopia, the levels of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality are among the highest in the world. This is attributed to, among other factors, none use of modern health care services by women. According to the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, more than seven in ten mothers did not receive antenatal care at all. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine level and identify factors influencing maternal antenatal care services utilization among mothers who gave birth in the last twelve months in Gelemso town west Hararghe Oromia, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross sectional study design was conducted on 347 study participants in Gelemso town west Hararghe Oromia Ethiopia from July 15, 2017 to August 15, 2017 G.C.A probability to proportional to size sampling technique was used to select the study population in two urban Kebeles. Data were collected using a pre tested structured questionairs. Descriptive results were presented using frequencies, and numerical summary measures. Bivariate analysis was carried out to assess the association between outcome variable and each in dependent variables. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was estimated to identify factors associated with Antenatal Care (ANC) utilization using multivariable logistic regression. The statistical significance was declared at p- value &lt; 0.05. Result The response rate this study was 98%. The prevalence of antenatal care service utilization was 64.6%. About 146 (42.1%) of the pregnant mother started antenatal care visit during the second trimester of pregnancy and a significant proportion 289(83.3%) had less than the recommended four visits. Educational status (AOR;15.19:CI 95%,6.006,38.417), husband attitude (AOR;1.995:CI 95%,1.016,3.916), marital status(AOR:4.587:CI 95%,1.888,11.146), planned pregnancy (AOR:4.938:CI 95%,2.514,9.702) were major factors associated with antenatal care service utilization. Conclusion Though more than half mother used antenatal care service in the study setting, two in ten of the mothers did not have the minimum number of visits recommended by World Health Organization. Promotion of information, education and communication in the community should be strengthened is to sustain antenatal care service utilization in the community.
AbstractBackground : It is well documented that college students are practicing risky sexual beha... more AbstractBackground : It is well documented that college students are practicing risky sexual behaviours globally. Studies conducted inhigh school and few former Ethiopian universities have documented increasing sexual activities among youth. However, there islack of study about the sexual behaviour of students joining newly established universities in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study willhelp to fill the existing information gap and provide data to take immediate evidence based action.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the risky sexual behaviour and factors contributing to it in the face ofsexually transmitted infections (STI) including HIV/AIDS among Samara University studentsMethods: The study was conducted in Samara University, Ethiopia from Nov. 10, 2009 to Jan.10, 2010 using across-sectional study design. Questionnaires were self-administered to 422 randomly selected Samara University students. Sixfocus group discussions and three interviews with key informants were also conducted with purposively selected students andstudents’ dean, students’ clinic head and students’ council president, respectively. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressionsanalysis with 95% confidence intervals were used. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, and manually analysed withselected themes.Results: Out of the total respondents, 186(47.9%) of students had sexual experience. Of the 186 sexually experiencedstudents, 112(43.4%) were male and 74(58.7%) were female (p=0.002). In this study, 54.3% of students had sex in theprevious one year whereas 27.7% of them had more than one sexual partner., 72.3 had unplanned/unwanted sex, 55.6 % hadvisited commercial sex workers and 45.7% of the students had sex in exchange for money or gifts in the past one year. Gender,risk perception and having multiple sexual partnerships have found positive association to have had sex. Females were 4 timesmore likely to have sex than males (95%CI; (1.72, 11.59). STI including HIV/AIDS risk perception is a strong predictor ofhaving sex in the last 12 months and multiple sexual partnership (AOR=9.1; 95%CI, (2.59, 31.93, AOR=10.015; 95%CI,2.70-37.78), respectively.Conclusion: The study population are vulnerable to STI including HIV because of their sexual behaviour. Sexual andreproductive health services to reduce risky sexual behaviours and to promote reproductive health education should be designedand improved for university students especially in the universities established in the rural setting like Samara University(Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health , 2012,6(1): 70-81).1
International journal of health sciences, Oct 24, 2017
Background: Appropriate dietary intake determines the disease progression and success of Anti-Ret... more Background: Appropriate dietary intake determines the disease progression and success of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART). Undernutrition unacceptably increases the risk of mortality among adults living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). However in resource limited settings including Ethiopia, many of HIV positive clients lack access to sufficient quantities of nutritious food. There is limited evidences showing the magnitude of undernutrition in this segment of the community, particularly in the rural residents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess undernutrition and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending ART clinic in Dembia District. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dembia District from October 1 to 30, 2015. Systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study subjects. The anthropometric measurement, Body Mass Index, was computed to determine the nutritional status of the study participants. In order to identify factors associated with undernutrition a multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed. The Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95 % Confidence Interval (CI) was calculated to show the strength of association. In multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Of the study participants, about 23.2 % [95 % CI: 19.2, 27.2 %] were undernourished in Dembia District. The result of adjusted analysis revealed that, the odds of undernutrition was higher among adults whose age ranged between 18-29 years [AOR = 2.50, 95 % CI: 1.10, 5.69], who had a Cluster of Differentiation (CD)4 count less than 200 cells/mm 3 [
Journal of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, 2016
Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an indepe... more Background: Anemia is one of the most commonly observed hematological abnormalities and an independent prognostic marker of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression in people living with HIV. However, there is limited evidence on the magnitude and its correlates among attendants of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in low-income countries including Ethiopia. Objective: The aim this study was to determine Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among PHIVs attendants Antiretroviral Therapy clinics in public health institutions in Dire Dawa Town, East Ethiopia Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design was used from mid January to mid February 2014.The study participants were selected by using simple random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. Hematological and immunological data were collected by using blood samples. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to identify factors associated with anemia among the study population using a multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 41.2%, 95% CI (36.7%, 45.9%). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, being female[AOR=1.95, 95% CI (1.22, 3.11)], use of different types of zidovudine (AZT)
Background. Child undernourishment is the disturbance of body function arising from a dietary imb... more Background. Child undernourishment is the disturbance of body function arising from a dietary imbalance between body demand and supply, which is the most serious public health problem in developing countries. Objective. is study aimed to assess the magnitude of nutritional status and associated factors among full-cycle primary schoolchildren in pastoral communities in the Mieso-Mulu district, Sitti Zone, Somali Regional State of Ethiopia. Methods. An institution-based crosssectional study design was used. Study participants were selected using two-stage sampling procedures. Data were collected using structured, translated, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaires. e weight and height were measured using a calibrated digital scale and a Seca Rod stadiometer, respectively. Microscopic identification of intestinal parasites was done. Multicollinearity was checked for independent variables. Height for age z scores (HAZ) and body mass index for age z scores (BAZ) were used to determine the nutritional status of children. Logistic regression with both bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis was applied to identify associated factors with the nutritional status of children. Adjusted odds ratios were reported and the level of statistical significance was declared at a P value <0.05. Results. e magnitudes of thinness and stunting were 13.1% [95% CI: 10.6%, 15.7%] and 24.6% [95% CI: 21.3%, 27.9%], respectively. Being male, not using a bed net, and the presence of intestinal parasitic infection were among the factors associated with thinness. Family size of less than five, household food insecurity, and unavailability of the latrine were among the factors associated with stunting. Conclusion. is study revealed that stunting and thinness are major health problems among schoolchildren. Household food insecurity, intestinal parasitic infection, bed net utilization, and the availability of latrine were some of the major factors significantly associated with undernutrition. Local policymakers, health programmers, nutritionists, health practitioners, and nongovernmental organizations should enhance the nutritional status of schoolchildren by using information dissemination interventions, particularly in improving waste disposal, sanitation/hygiene, latrine facilities, and school-based deworming. Furthermore, awareness creation using nutrition promotion and encouraging communities to attempt to diversify locally available and low-cost nutritionally effective food items to improve food consumption and distribution within a household is recommended to reduce the prevalence of undernutrition among schoolchildren.
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess undernutrition and factors associated with, among p... more Objective: The aim of the study was to assess undernutrition and factors associated with, among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study design was implemented. Data were collected using pretested structured questionnaire at ART service site. Basic descriptive statistics were computed. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between outcome variable and explanatory variables. Results: The prevalence of undernutrition (body mass index [BMI] ≤18.5 kg/m2) among patients on ART was 30%. The mean BMI was 20.3 with standard deviation ± 2.9 kg/m2. Undernutrition was significantly associated with CD4 (200-500) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.576, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.338, 0.979) and CD4 >500 (AOR = 0.431, 95% CI: 0.239-0.778), duration on ART >12 months (AOR = 0.466, 95% CI: 0.224, 0.966), unable to get nutritional care and support (AOR = 2.188, 95% CI: 1.349, 3.549), diarrhea (AOR = 1.641, 95% CI: 1.036, 2.6), khat chewing (AOR = 0.589, 95% CI: 0.377, 0.92), and severe food insecurity (AOR = 1.594, 95% CI: 1.008, 2.521). Conclusions: Our study provides a unique insight into prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition which greatly affect ART outcomes. The study revealed that the undernutrition was found to be high and its problem in HIV-positive patients are interworsen. Diarrhea, severe food insecurity, nutritional care and support, khat chewing, CD4 >200/µl, and duration on ART >12 months were independently associated with undernutrition. Comprehensive nutritional assessment during follow-up and routine nutritional supplement therapy for undernutrition in conjunction with early start on ART need to be initiated.
Background Enteric fever (typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever) is caused by Salmonella enterica s... more Background Enteric fever (typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever) is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and various strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi. It is a major public health problem in developing and developed countries. About 21.6 million people become ill every year, and it results in 216,500 deaths. 1,2 Almost 80% of the cases and deaths were reported from Asia, while the rest (20%) of them were from Africa and Latin America. 2 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi was believed to be the major cause of enteric fever worldwide. Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi is also becoming a substantial cause of emerging cases of enteric fever from many Asian countries. 2,3 Low socioeconomic status and poor hygiene conditions 1,4 are responsible for the spread of the infection. 5,6
Background. Anemia is a problem of both the developed and developing world, which occurs in all a... more Background. Anemia is a problem of both the developed and developing world, which occurs in all age groups of the population. Half of the anemia cases are due to iron deficiency and affects physical growth and mental development. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of information about anemia and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6 to 23 months in low-income countries like Ethiopia. Objective. e aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among infants and young children aged 6-23 months. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among 531 mothers/caregivers-children pairs in Debre Berhan Town, North Shewa, Ethiopia, from February 1 to March 2, 2018. e cluster sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Sociodemographic data were collected from mothers/caregivers using pretested structured questionnaires. Hemoglobin levels were measured using a HemoCue analyzer machine (HemoCue ® Hb 301,Ängelholm, Sweden). All relevant data were described using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, proportions, mean, and standard deviation. Odds ratio and 95% CI were estimated using binary logistic regression to measure the strength of the association between anemia and explanatory variables. e level of statistical significance was declared at P < 0.05. Results. e overall prevalence of anemia was 47.5% (95% CI: 43.1-51.4%) of which 18.3% were mildly anemic, 25% were moderately anemic, and 4.1% were severely anemic. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, household food insecurity (AOR � 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6-4.5), unmet minimum dietary diversity (AOR � 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.3), stunting (AOR � 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.3), and underweight (AOR � 2.7, 95% CI: 1.4-5.4) positively associated with anemia while having ≥4 antenatal care visits (AOR � 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3-0.9) and met minimum meal frequency (AOR � 0.25, 95% CI: 0.14-0.45) had a protective effect against anemia. Conclusion. Generally, the study showed that anemia was a severe public health problem among infants and young children in the study setting. Antenatal care visit, meal frequency, dietary diversity, underweight, stunting, and food insecurity significantly associated with anemia. erefore, efforts should be made to strengthen infant and young child feeding practices and antenatal care utilization and ensure household food security, thereby improving the nutritional status of children.
Background. Low dietary diversity superimposed with poor-quality monotonous diets is a major prob... more Background. Low dietary diversity superimposed with poor-quality monotonous diets is a major problem that often results in undernutrition, mainly micronutrient deficiencies. However, there is limited evidence on minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among lactating mothers in resource-poor settings, including the study area. erefore, the objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among lactating mothers in Ataye District, Ethiopia. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among 652 lactating mothers aged 15-49 years from January 25 to April 30, 2018. Dietary diversity was measured by the minimum dietary diversity indicator for women (MDD-W) using the 24-hour dietary recall method. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.2.0.0 and exported to the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24 for analysis using the logistic regression model. Results. e prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among lactating mothers was 48.8% (95% CI: (44.7%, 52.9%). Having formal education ((AOR � 2.16, 95% CL: (1.14, 4.09)), a final say on household purchases ((AOR � 5.39, 95% CI: (2.34, 12.42)), home gardening practices ((AOR � 2.67, 95% CI: (1.49, 4.81)), a history of illness ((AOR � 0.47, 95% CI: (0.26, 0.85)), good knowledge of nutrition ((AOR � 5.11, 95% CI: (2.68, 9.78)), being from food-secure households ((AOR � 2.96, 95% CI: (1.45, 6.07)), and medium ((AOR � 5.94, 95% CI: (2.82, 12.87)) and rich wealth indices ((AOR � 3.55, 95% CI: (1.76, 7.13)) were significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity. Conclusion. e prevalence of minimum dietary diversity among lactating mothers was low in the study area. It was significantly associated with mothers having a formal education, final say on the household purchase, home garden, good knowledge of nutrition, history of illness, food-secure households, and belonging to medium and rich household wealth indices. erefore, efforts should be made to improve the mother's decision-making autonomy, nutrition knowledge, household food security, and wealth status.
Anemia is predicted to affect 38% (32 million) of pregnant women worldwide. However, evidence for... more Anemia is predicted to affect 38% (32 million) of pregnant women worldwide. However, evidence for utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors during pregnancy in low-income countries, including Ethiopia, is sparse and inconclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors among pregnant women in Robe Town, Southeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 445 pregnant women attending antenatal care at health facilities from May to July 2015. A systematic random sampling was used to select respondents. Data were collected using a pre-tested, interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of compliance with iron supplementation. An odds ratio, along with a 95% confidence interval (CI), was used to estimate the strength of the association. In this study, 54% [9...
Background Globally, anemia affects 1.62 billion people (25%) of which 56 million are pregnant wo... more Background Globally, anemia affects 1.62 billion people (25%) of which 56 million are pregnant women. However, evidence for utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors during pregnancy, in low-income countries, including Ethiopia, was sparse and inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess utilization and compliance with iron supplementation and predictors among pregnant women in Robe Town, Southeast Ethiopia. Methods Community-based cross-sectional study was employed among randomly selected 445 pregnant women attending antenatal care at health facilities from May to July 2015. Systematic random sampling was used to select respondents. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of compliance with iron supplementation. An odds ratio, along with a 95% con dence interval (CI) was used to estimate the strength of the association.
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