International Journal of Transactional Analysis Research & Practice
As a response to the need for more objectivity, Loffredo, Harrington, Munoz & Knowles (2004) deve... more As a response to the need for more objectivity, Loffredo, Harrington, Munoz & Knowles (2004) developed a 40-item version of the Ego State Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R), which was the readjustment of the original 60-items version (1997). The present study evaluates an Italian version of the ESQ-R scale, completed by a sample of 483 subjects (204 males, and 279 females) and demonstrates acceptable construct validity and reliability in its five subscales of Critical Parent, Nurturing Parent, Adult, Free Child, and Adapted Child. Exploratory factor analyses suggested five factors as referred to in the original ESQ-R scale; items loaded at .30 or below were excluded and additional study showed an Italian version ESQ-RI with 33-items to have a good construct validity as an objective measure of the five ego states entities according to transactional analysis theory. Implications for future research are included.
The concept of psychological well-being (PWB) engages the attention of those who live in the Glob... more The concept of psychological well-being (PWB) engages the attention of those who live in the Global North, as well as those in the Global South. Similar to the Western concept of PWB, its Indian conceptualisation too, has a long history dating back to at least 3,000 years. This article accentuates that, in India, a ‘sense of balance’ (sama in Sanskrit) is an overarching principle that guides ecological, social, and personal well-being. This sense of balance is discussed in the exposition of concepts, such as hedonia and eudaimonia, which are found in both the Western and Indian concept of PWB. Major differences include the collectivist nature of Indians, their emphasis of spirituality and their belief that suffering and happiness are two dimensions of a single reality. Through a comparative narrative method, it is evidenced that Indian constructs, namely, Sama, Dharma, Sattva, Rajas and Tamas resonate meaningfully with universal principles, such as ethical living, social commitment,...
The study presented in this article draws on theories and methods developed within the psychology... more The study presented in this article draws on theories and methods developed within the psychology of religion to examine, from a fresh perspective, a problem established within the sociology of religion: the ‘oddity of the Italian situation’. The study employs the notion of openness to mystical experience as an indicator of the level of spiritual awareness among a sample of 1,155 Italians ranging in age from 14 to 80 years. The data demonstrated that, while levels of openness to mystical experience remain quite high among non-churchgoing Italians, these levels are significantly associated with sex, age, religious attendance, and personal prayer. Moreover, the differences between attenders and non-attenders are sensitive to the ways in which aspects of mystical experience are expressed. The dialogue between the psychology of religion and the sociology of religion generates fresh insight into the religious and spiritual landscape of Italy today.
Con il presente lavoro di ricerca sperimentale si e voluto verificare il rapporto tra i fattori m... more Con il presente lavoro di ricerca sperimentale si e voluto verificare il rapporto tra i fattori motivazionali allo studio, le competenze strategiche e la capacita di autoregolazione emotiva, in un campione di 1127 ragazzi di eta compresa tra i 10 e i 16 anni (media 12.26, D.S. = 1.21), di cui 612 sono ragazzi e 515 ragazze. Il contributo ha permesso di individuare alcuni fattori di rischio e di protezione, nella capacita di controllo delle strategie cognitive, affettive e motivazionali. In particolare dai risultati emerge che fattori quali la demotivazione allo studio e l’ansia, come anche la capacita di autodeterminarsi e di sentirsi artefici delle proprie scelte,sono collegati con la capacita di affrontare in modo stabile ed efficace le esigenze di apprendimento nel contesto in cui vivono. Ne derivano importanti ricadute pedagogiche che sollecitano l’impegno delle diverse agenzie formative in funzione di un piu equilibrato sviluppo e di un’ottimale formazione dei ragazzi.
The syndrome of burnout continues to be a very relevant phenomenon in the context of helping prof... more The syndrome of burnout continues to be a very relevant phenomenon in the context of helping professions. Those who are dedicated to serve others are subject to an excessive emotional and motivational charge, which with time can be transformed in a progressive diminution of that initial enthusiasm and lead to an evident breakup of relationship with the very people whom they are helping. In this research, the authors examine these aspects of excessive dedication and of persistent contact on the part of a group of workers who are engaged in dedicated activities with those who have specific psychological difficulties. The study offers some indications on the risk of burnout according to the different helping professions, specifying how persons who are in direct and continuous contact with their customers have greater risks of burning themselves out for the sake of others. This work offers also useful indications for an effective prevention of this syndrome, above all, those who are in ...
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a pu... more Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the influences of some personality traits, me... more The main objective of this study was to investigate the influences of some personality traits, measured with the HEXACO model of personality, on the perceived ability to manage one's own affects. The results of the correlations and the linear regressions between the personality traits, measured by the HEXACO-60, and the perceived ability to manage affects, measured by the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Belief scale, support the idea that extraversion is more related to expressing positive affects, whereas emotionality is more related to managing negative affects, and conscientiousness is slightly related to some aspects of self-regulation of positive and negative affects. The results obtained in this study for the HEXACO are similar to those displayed for FFM in previous studies regarding personality traits and positive and negative affects.
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
This paper tests the hypothesis that vocational motivation (as assessed by religious orientation ... more This paper tests the hypothesis that vocational motivation (as assessed by religious orientation theory) among Catholic seminarians is significantly correlated with their personality profile (as assessed by the Big Five Factor model). Data provided by 170 seminarians in Italy who completed the New Indices of Religious Orientation and the Big Five Questionnaire demonstrated that: the intrinsic orientation is high among seminarians and positively correlated with conscientiousness; the extrinsic motivation is low among seminarians and negatively correlated with emotional stability; and that the quest orientation is quite high among seminarians, positively correlated with openness and negatively correlated with conscientiousness and friendliness. Attention is given to the distinctive strengths and weaknesses of the quest orientation within the context of formation for priesthood.
Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a pu... more Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.
Abstract Literature suggests that several demographic variables are linked with religiosity in ad... more Abstract Literature suggests that several demographic variables are linked with religiosity in adolescence, such as gender, age and parental religiosity. The sample consisted of 910 young people (53% female) between 14 and 19 years of age, attending secular secondary schools in Rome, Italy. They self-identified as heterosexual adolescents (91.6%), and lesbian/gay (LG) adolescents (8.4%). High scores of positive attitudes toward God, Jesus, the Bible, prayer and church were associated with female gender, higher father’s religiosity, and higher mother’s religiosity, but not with age of the participants. As expected, heterosexual orientation was associated with a more positive attitude toward Christianity, controlling for sex, age, and parental religiosity.
This study examines the association between priestly motivation (accessed via the psychological n... more This study examines the association between priestly motivation (accessed via the psychological notion of religious orientation) and personal wellbeing (accessed via the psychological notion of purpose in life) among a sample of 155 Catholic priests serving in Italy. The data confirm a positive association between intrinsic religious orientation and purpose in life, but a negative association between quest religious orientation and purpose in life. These findings are discussed in light of the expectations placed on Catholic priests by the Church and by society.
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP URL' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
A series of recent studies in the U.K. and in Australia has drawn attention to the distinctive ps... more A series of recent studies in the U.K. and in Australia has drawn attention to the distinctive psychological type profile of churchgoers compared with non-churchgoers or with the general population. This study extends that research to Italy. A sample of 1,155 Italians between the ages of 14 and 80 completed the Italian form of the Francis Psychological Type Scales (translated and tested within the Salesian Pontifical University) together with a measure of their frequency of church attendance. The data demonstrated that intuitive types and thinking types were under-represented in church congregations in Italy. This pattern is broadly consistent with findings from the U.K. and Australia.
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
Drawing on data provided by 287 Catholic priests, religious brothers, and religious sisters from ... more Drawing on data provided by 287 Catholic priests, religious brothers, and religious sisters from different parts of Italy (130 men and 157 women), this study explored the effect of three dark psychological variables and three bright psychological variables on levels of professional burnout as assessed by the two scales of the Francis Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion and satisfaction in ministry). The three dark psychological variables assessed by the Short Dark Triad were Machiavellianism, subclinical narcissism, and subclinical psychopathy. The three bright psychological variables were purpose in life, emotional intelligence, and religious faith. After controlling for personal factors (age and sex) and personality factors (extraversion and emotionality), the data demonstrated that the three bright psychological factors (purpose in life, emotional intelligence, and religious faith) served as independent and cumulative predictors of higher levels of satisfaction in ministry an...
International Journal of Transactional Analysis Research & Practice
As a response to the need for more objectivity, Loffredo, Harrington, Munoz & Knowles (2004) deve... more As a response to the need for more objectivity, Loffredo, Harrington, Munoz & Knowles (2004) developed a 40-item version of the Ego State Questionnaire-Revised (ESQ-R), which was the readjustment of the original 60-items version (1997). The present study evaluates an Italian version of the ESQ-R scale, completed by a sample of 483 subjects (204 males, and 279 females) and demonstrates acceptable construct validity and reliability in its five subscales of Critical Parent, Nurturing Parent, Adult, Free Child, and Adapted Child. Exploratory factor analyses suggested five factors as referred to in the original ESQ-R scale; items loaded at .30 or below were excluded and additional study showed an Italian version ESQ-RI with 33-items to have a good construct validity as an objective measure of the five ego states entities according to transactional analysis theory. Implications for future research are included.
The concept of psychological well-being (PWB) engages the attention of those who live in the Glob... more The concept of psychological well-being (PWB) engages the attention of those who live in the Global North, as well as those in the Global South. Similar to the Western concept of PWB, its Indian conceptualisation too, has a long history dating back to at least 3,000 years. This article accentuates that, in India, a ‘sense of balance’ (sama in Sanskrit) is an overarching principle that guides ecological, social, and personal well-being. This sense of balance is discussed in the exposition of concepts, such as hedonia and eudaimonia, which are found in both the Western and Indian concept of PWB. Major differences include the collectivist nature of Indians, their emphasis of spirituality and their belief that suffering and happiness are two dimensions of a single reality. Through a comparative narrative method, it is evidenced that Indian constructs, namely, Sama, Dharma, Sattva, Rajas and Tamas resonate meaningfully with universal principles, such as ethical living, social commitment,...
The study presented in this article draws on theories and methods developed within the psychology... more The study presented in this article draws on theories and methods developed within the psychology of religion to examine, from a fresh perspective, a problem established within the sociology of religion: the ‘oddity of the Italian situation’. The study employs the notion of openness to mystical experience as an indicator of the level of spiritual awareness among a sample of 1,155 Italians ranging in age from 14 to 80 years. The data demonstrated that, while levels of openness to mystical experience remain quite high among non-churchgoing Italians, these levels are significantly associated with sex, age, religious attendance, and personal prayer. Moreover, the differences between attenders and non-attenders are sensitive to the ways in which aspects of mystical experience are expressed. The dialogue between the psychology of religion and the sociology of religion generates fresh insight into the religious and spiritual landscape of Italy today.
Con il presente lavoro di ricerca sperimentale si e voluto verificare il rapporto tra i fattori m... more Con il presente lavoro di ricerca sperimentale si e voluto verificare il rapporto tra i fattori motivazionali allo studio, le competenze strategiche e la capacita di autoregolazione emotiva, in un campione di 1127 ragazzi di eta compresa tra i 10 e i 16 anni (media 12.26, D.S. = 1.21), di cui 612 sono ragazzi e 515 ragazze. Il contributo ha permesso di individuare alcuni fattori di rischio e di protezione, nella capacita di controllo delle strategie cognitive, affettive e motivazionali. In particolare dai risultati emerge che fattori quali la demotivazione allo studio e l’ansia, come anche la capacita di autodeterminarsi e di sentirsi artefici delle proprie scelte,sono collegati con la capacita di affrontare in modo stabile ed efficace le esigenze di apprendimento nel contesto in cui vivono. Ne derivano importanti ricadute pedagogiche che sollecitano l’impegno delle diverse agenzie formative in funzione di un piu equilibrato sviluppo e di un’ottimale formazione dei ragazzi.
The syndrome of burnout continues to be a very relevant phenomenon in the context of helping prof... more The syndrome of burnout continues to be a very relevant phenomenon in the context of helping professions. Those who are dedicated to serve others are subject to an excessive emotional and motivational charge, which with time can be transformed in a progressive diminution of that initial enthusiasm and lead to an evident breakup of relationship with the very people whom they are helping. In this research, the authors examine these aspects of excessive dedication and of persistent contact on the part of a group of workers who are engaged in dedicated activities with those who have specific psychological difficulties. The study offers some indications on the risk of burnout according to the different helping professions, specifying how persons who are in direct and continuous contact with their customers have greater risks of burning themselves out for the sake of others. This work offers also useful indications for an effective prevention of this syndrome, above all, those who are in ...
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a pu... more Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the influences of some personality traits, me... more The main objective of this study was to investigate the influences of some personality traits, measured with the HEXACO model of personality, on the perceived ability to manage one's own affects. The results of the correlations and the linear regressions between the personality traits, measured by the HEXACO-60, and the perceived ability to manage affects, measured by the Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Belief scale, support the idea that extraversion is more related to expressing positive affects, whereas emotionality is more related to managing negative affects, and conscientiousness is slightly related to some aspects of self-regulation of positive and negative affects. The results obtained in this study for the HEXACO are similar to those displayed for FFM in previous studies regarding personality traits and positive and negative affects.
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
This paper tests the hypothesis that vocational motivation (as assessed by religious orientation ... more This paper tests the hypothesis that vocational motivation (as assessed by religious orientation theory) among Catholic seminarians is significantly correlated with their personality profile (as assessed by the Big Five Factor model). Data provided by 170 seminarians in Italy who completed the New Indices of Religious Orientation and the Big Five Questionnaire demonstrated that: the intrinsic orientation is high among seminarians and positively correlated with conscientiousness; the extrinsic motivation is low among seminarians and negatively correlated with emotional stability; and that the quest orientation is quite high among seminarians, positively correlated with openness and negatively correlated with conscientiousness and friendliness. Attention is given to the distinctive strengths and weaknesses of the quest orientation within the context of formation for priesthood.
Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a pu... more Please refer to published version for the most recent bibliographic citation information. If a published version is known of, the repository item page linked to above, will contain details on accessing it.
Abstract Literature suggests that several demographic variables are linked with religiosity in ad... more Abstract Literature suggests that several demographic variables are linked with religiosity in adolescence, such as gender, age and parental religiosity. The sample consisted of 910 young people (53% female) between 14 and 19 years of age, attending secular secondary schools in Rome, Italy. They self-identified as heterosexual adolescents (91.6%), and lesbian/gay (LG) adolescents (8.4%). High scores of positive attitudes toward God, Jesus, the Bible, prayer and church were associated with female gender, higher father’s religiosity, and higher mother’s religiosity, but not with age of the participants. As expected, heterosexual orientation was associated with a more positive attitude toward Christianity, controlling for sex, age, and parental religiosity.
This study examines the association between priestly motivation (accessed via the psychological n... more This study examines the association between priestly motivation (accessed via the psychological notion of religious orientation) and personal wellbeing (accessed via the psychological notion of purpose in life) among a sample of 155 Catholic priests serving in Italy. The data confirm a positive association between intrinsic religious orientation and purpose in life, but a negative association between quest religious orientation and purpose in life. These findings are discussed in light of the expectations placed on Catholic priests by the Church and by society.
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP URL' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
A series of recent studies in the U.K. and in Australia has drawn attention to the distinctive ps... more A series of recent studies in the U.K. and in Australia has drawn attention to the distinctive psychological type profile of churchgoers compared with non-churchgoers or with the general population. This study extends that research to Italy. A sample of 1,155 Italians between the ages of 14 and 80 completed the Italian form of the Francis Psychological Type Scales (translated and tested within the Salesian Pontifical University) together with a measure of their frequency of church attendance. The data demonstrated that intuitive types and thinking types were under-represented in church congregations in Italy. This pattern is broadly consistent with findings from the U.K. and Australia.
The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wi... more The version presented here may differ from the published version or, version of record, if you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the 'permanent WRAP url' above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.
Drawing on data provided by 287 Catholic priests, religious brothers, and religious sisters from ... more Drawing on data provided by 287 Catholic priests, religious brothers, and religious sisters from different parts of Italy (130 men and 157 women), this study explored the effect of three dark psychological variables and three bright psychological variables on levels of professional burnout as assessed by the two scales of the Francis Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion and satisfaction in ministry). The three dark psychological variables assessed by the Short Dark Triad were Machiavellianism, subclinical narcissism, and subclinical psychopathy. The three bright psychological variables were purpose in life, emotional intelligence, and religious faith. After controlling for personal factors (age and sex) and personality factors (extraversion and emotionality), the data demonstrated that the three bright psychological factors (purpose in life, emotional intelligence, and religious faith) served as independent and cumulative predictors of higher levels of satisfaction in ministry an...
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