Papers by Giovanni E. Gigante
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2004
Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie, 1987
Journal of Trace and Microprobe Techniques, 2002
Compton and Rayleigh scattering cross sections for bone, bakelite, polycarbonate, nylon, lucite, ... more Compton and Rayleigh scattering cross sections for bone, bakelite, polycarbonate, nylon, lucite, polystyrene, polyethylene, water, glycogen, fat, calcium hydroxyapatite and protein are calculated for various monoenergetic Kα X-ray energies covering the angular region from 0 to 180° using non-relativistic, relativistic, relativistic modified and molecular form factors and the non-relativistic incoherent scattering function. The scattered radiation from these materials will be
Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2017
Synchrotron-based XRD spectra from rat bone of different age groups (w, 56 w and 78w), lumber ver... more Synchrotron-based XRD spectra from rat bone of different age groups (w, 56 w and 78w), lumber vertebra at early stages of bone formation, Calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) [Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2 ] bone fill with varying composition (60% and 70%) and bone cream (35-48%), has been acquired with 15 keV synchrotron X-rays. Experiments were performed at Desy, Hamburg, Germany, utilizing the Resonant and Diffraction beamline (P9), with 15 keV X-rays (λ = 0.82666 A 0). Diffraction data were quantitatively analyzed using the Rietveld refinement approach, which allowed us to characterize the structure of these samples in their early stages. Hydroxyapatite, received considerable attention in medical and materials sciences, since these materials are the hard tissues, such as bone and teeth. Higher bioactivity of these samples gained reasonable interest for biological application and for bone tissue repair in oral surgery and orthopedics. The results obtained from these samples, such as phase data, crystalline size of the phases, as well as the degree of crystallinity, confirm the apatite family crystallizing in a hexagonal system, space group P6 3 /m with the lattice parameters of a = 9.4328 Å and c = 6.8842 Å (JCPDS card #09-0432). Synchrotron-based XRD patterns are relatively sharp and well resolved and can be attributed to the hexagonal crystal form of hydroxyapatite. All the samples were examined with scanning electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. The presence of large globules of different sizes is observed, in small age groups of the rat bone (8w) and lumber vertebra (LV), as distinguished from, large age groups (56 and 78w) in all samples with different magnification, reflects an amorphous phase without significant traces of crystalline phases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology and crystalline properties of Hap, for all the samples, from 2 to 100 μm resolution.
Analytica Chimica Acta, 1999
ABSTRACT
Medical Data Analysis, 2002
ABSTRACT Mammography associated with clinical breast examination is the only effective method for... more ABSTRACT Mammography associated with clinical breast examination is the only effective method for mass breast screening. Microcalcifications are one of the primary signs for early detection of breast cancer. In this paper we propose a new kernel method for classification of dificult to diagnose regions in mammographic images. It consists of a novel class of Markov Random Fields, using techniques developed within the context of statistical mechanics. This method is used for the classification of positive Region of Interest (ROI’s) containing clustered microcalcifications and negative ROI’s containing normal tissue. We benchmarked the new proposed method with a nearest neighbor classifier and with an artificial neural network, widely used in literature for computer-aided diagnosis. We obtained the best performance using the novel approach.
Les recherches utilisant des methodes non destructives ont ete mises en oeuvre pour l'etude d... more Les recherches utilisant des methodes non destructives ont ete mises en oeuvre pour l'etude des ors de la collection Castellani conserves au Musee National Etrusque de Villa Guilia (Rome). L'analyse au microscope des bijoux, realisee pour identifier les anciennes techniques de fabrication et associee a l'examen de la composition des elements par ED-XRF a permis d'obtenir de nouvelles donnees en utilisant une methodologie multidisciplinaire basee sur la correlation avec les recherches d'ordre chronologique, typologique, stylistique et culturel
Les trouvailles metalliques provenant de l'habitat submerge de Gran Carro dans le lac de Bols... more Les trouvailles metalliques provenant de l'habitat submerge de Gran Carro dans le lac de Bolsena (Latium septentrional) sont particulierement interssantes par leur homogeneite chronologique et culturelle, cet habitat s'est developpe pendant la periode archaique au debut du premier Age du Fer. Pour mener a bien cette enquete on a choisi d'asssocier une etude preliminaire d'ordre chronologique et typologique des objets a un e definition de alliages metalliques obtenus par fluorescence X dispersive en enregie (ED-XRF) et a des analayses metallographiques realisees au moyen d'un microscope optique et electronique et combinees avec un e systeme de microanalyses computerisees. L'etude des objets a prouve, entre autres, l'existence d'une fonderie locale
SoftwareX, 2020
Abstract X-rays have long been used as a non-destructive analytical technique to investigate arte... more Abstract X-rays have long been used as a non-destructive analytical technique to investigate artefacts and objects that can be considered cultural heritage. With the unceasing development of technologies and miniaturization of electronics, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis has undergone a natural evolution, being now extensively used in a bi-dimensional manner, scanning whole surfaces and generating astonishing amounts of data. Evaluating all this data demands a software distribution or at least a stand-alone algorithm. The former being an obvious choice, as software are easy to install and the learning curve is fast. Moreover, developing a proprietary algorithm is time consuming and not always needed for the average user. In this scope, XIMuS was developed as an ad hoc software for macro-XRF analysis (MA-XRF), with an intuitive and simple graphical user interface (GUI). The software provides several built-in tools, staple for the interpretation of X-ray fluorescence data, automated data evaluation and some novelty functionalities as data stitching. XISMuS creates an iterative user database as samples are loaded and compiled through usage, facilitating navigation through different datasets. Simultaneous samples can be loaded in separate instances for comparison purposes. Elemental mapping is made simple, the methods available are described and have each one an application for fast, balanced or precise calculations, supporting parallel computing. Ratios between elements in specific regions of the image can be measured while a region-derived spectrum is shown and updated live. Image correlation can be performed supporting the usage of threshold filters and/or region selection. Batch exporting is also available, cross-normalizing the input datasets.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 1996
Paper can be produced from various raw materials, which give rise to differences in the permanenc... more Paper can be produced from various raw materials, which give rise to differences in the permanence and durability of the paper product. Modern paper is characterised by a tendency to discolor and become brittle, both problems being generally related to the high acidity of these papers. In order to avoid the loss of historical paper documents to this discoloration and
The International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1977
Abstract The X-ray flourescence analysis induced by small radioisotopic sources has been employed... more Abstract The X-ray flourescence analysis induced by small radioisotopic sources has been employed for the study of the ion-exchange resins kinetics. The advantages offered by this technique over other commonly used methods are (a) variations in the concentration of ions in the resin-bead can be determined without sample taking; and (b) automatic measurements lasting a few seconds provide a check on process trends. The ions trapped in the resin-bead, in various zones of the column, can be expressed analytically, and the result is in good agreement with what can be deduced from a simplified model based on the hypothesis that the exchange process is controlled by diffusion of ions from solution to resin.
Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, 2017
Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, 1988
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the scattering of low energy X- or gamma monoenergetic r... more Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the scattering of low energy X- or gamma monoenergetic radiation. The most interesting medical application of scattering techniques is that of tissue characterization. This is a typical analytical problem in which one or more physical parameters have been considered representative of the tissue state. The photon scattering techniques (PST) can be subdivided into two main classes according to the energy resolution of the detector used. One class includes the techniques in which the reduced resolution of the detector (usually a scintillator) is not sufficient to separate the coherent and Compton scattering peaks. These are employed mainly in the determination of the electron density of the tissues, using single- and dual-source configuration. The imaging techniques using Compton scattering can be considered of this class. Attempts have been made to produce an image of internal tissue density by using an external source of gamma rays and scintillator or semiconductor detectors placed at an angle to the incident beam. Tomographic systems, using one or more scintillator scanning detectors, semiconductor detectors, and gamma camera, have been described.
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Papers by Giovanni E. Gigante