Introduction Corona virus illness 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic event, began in the first quarter o... more Introduction Corona virus illness 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic event, began in the first quarter of 2020 and affected nearly every country on earth. Several researches on Covid-19 knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of religion in several Nigerian locations have been published. There is a scarcity of data on adult Nigerian men's perceptions and awareness of COVID-19 in relation to immunization. As a result, this study looks into the vaccination knowledge and attitudes of adult Nigerian men in south-west Nigeria. Methods The study is an analytic cross-sectional survey with structured online questionnaires Google form that was administered to the people of Oyo, Osun, and Lagos in Nigeria's south-western states. The study enlisted 309 participants, who were chosen at random after providing informed permission. The link between knowledge of COVID-19 and social demographics factors, knowledge of the vaccination, perception of the vaccine, and awareness and misinformation about COV...
Hippocampus - More Than Just Memory [Working Title]
Hippocampus is the region of the brain that is primarily associated with memory. The hippocampus,... more Hippocampus is the region of the brain that is primarily associated with memory. The hippocampus, which is located in the inner (medial) region of the temporal lobe, forms part of the limbic system, which is important in regulating emotional responses. The hippocampus is thought to be principally involved in storing long-term memories and in making those memories resistant to forgetting, though this is a matter of debate. It is also thought to play an important role in spatial processing and navigation. Cholinergic system has implicated in the functionality of hippocampus interconnections with other neurons for efficient memory modulation. Pyramidal and globular cells are the main cells of the cornus ammonis and the dentate gyrus which is essential in relational memory consolidation. Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter implicated in encoding of memory in the hippocampus. There are diseases that are associated with hippocampus relational memory such as Alzheimer’s disease whic...
The current study examined the prevalence and morphometric values of three extracapsular ligament... more The current study examined the prevalence and morphometric values of three extracapsular ligaments on the lateral aspect of the knee namely lateral collateral ligament, anterolateral and triradiate collateral ligaments in human cadavers. Twenty knees were used. The lateral collateral ligament, anterolateral and triradiate collateral ligaments were present in 70%, 5% and 25% of the cases respectively. The triradiate collateral ligament had three parts namely femoral, tibial and fibular arms with average lengths of 20.03mm, 18.14mm and 16.20mm respectively. The lateral collateral ligament was attached on the lateral condyle of femur and the apex of head of fibula. The anterolateral ligament was attached on the lateral epicondyle of femur anterior to the origin of the lateral collateral ligament and both posterior to the Gerdy’s tubercle and on the lateral meniscus. The triradiate collateral ligament attached on the lateral condyle of femur, descends as the femoral arm and divides at t...
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weight-to-height ratio used as a quick and easy guide to obesity class... more Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weight-to-height ratio used as a quick and easy guide to obesity classification. BMI of 30 or greater is indicative of excess body fat and has been labelled as increasing the risk of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Body fat percentage is also assessed through skinfold thickness measurement.. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of underweight and obese individuals, and determine the body fat percentage on male and female students of Bowen University, Nigeria. 150 male and 150 female students aged between 16-25 years were randomly selected. Their weight, height, triceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, and subscapular skinfold were measured. Male students had a lower BMI (21.52±3.16 kg/m 2 versus 24.47±22.99 kg/m 2), and body fat percentage (11.225±3.163 versus 29.97±11.733) than the female subjects. The male and female subjects had a mean weight of 66.56±10.29 kg and 61.16±11.83 kg; height 176.05±7.73 cm and ...
The present study was undertaken to assess the neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Garc... more The present study was undertaken to assess the neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola on neurotoxin administered malnourished mice. The study was carried out using thirty-two adult Malnourished mice which were randomly assigned into four groups (n=8): A, B, C, and D. Group A served as control, while the other groups served as the experimental groups. Animals in group A were fed malnourished diet ad libitum and water given liberally. Animals in group B were administered with 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) (neurotoxin) only (20 mg/kg body weight), group C were given only Garcinia kola extracts, and group D were pre-treated with Garcinia kola extracts for seven days (200mg/kg) prior to administration of neurotoxin (20 mg/kg body weight). After three days of neurotoxins administration in the relevant groups, the brains were excised and fixed in formal calcium for histological processing. The study showed that hippocampal and cerebellar neurons of animals in group B ex...
The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach ... more The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of A, B, C and D (n=5). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 600mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida each by oral intubation for five, seven and nine consecutive days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water. Twenty four hrs after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed; tissues were harvested and fixed in 10 % formol saline for histological analysis. The study revealed necrotized surface epithelium, degenerated gastric mucosa, and loss of glandular elements in the stomachs of experimental groups ’ vis-à-vis the control group. These observations were days-dependent; as those groups which received the extract for higher number of days were seen to be adversely affected. In conclusion, Cola nitida a...
Scientific reports on the haemostatic effects of Ageratum conyzoides, Asteraceae in experimental ... more Scientific reports on the haemostatic effects of Ageratum conyzoides, Asteraceae in experimental animals are relatively scanty. But their uses in wound care in many indigenous tribes around the world have been widely reported. This experiment was therefore designed to scientifically test the possible haemostatic effect of methanolic leaf extract of A. conyzoides using albino rat as a model. Twenty albino rats weighing 100 - 170 g were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group = 1 \* ROMAN I served as control and received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (normal saline) while Group = 2 \* ROMAN II, = 3 \* ROMAN III, and = 4 \* ROMAN IV served as the experimental groups and were given 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract of A. conyzoides once a day for two weeks. All the doses were administered intraperitoneally. In all groups, the blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture under chloroform anaesthesia to determine prothrombin time, clotting time and plasma fibrin...
Aripiprazole, a known third generation anti-psychotic drug. The drug has shown to have lesser sid... more Aripiprazole, a known third generation anti-psychotic drug. The drug has shown to have lesser side effects on extrapyramidal system and enhance memory when compared with the first-generation anti-psychotic drugs. However, studies on the impact of aripiprazole on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice have been poorly reported. This study was designed to investigate the impact of aripiprazole on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Thirtysix (36) mice weighing between 20-23g were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was given 10 ml/kg distilled water. Group 2 received 3 mg/kg scopolamine alone. Group 3 was given 1 mg/kg donepezil. Group 4 received 0.5 mg/kg aripiprazole. Group 5 was given 0.3 mg/kg aripiprazole. Group 6 received 0.1mg/kg aripiprazole. Thirty minutes after administration of either aripiprazole or donepezil, scopolamine (3 mg/kg) was administered, intraperitoneally. The administration was for 7days, during which their memory was assessed using Morris water ...
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of aqueous neem extract on e... more The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of aqueous neem extract on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in adult wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats used in the study were divided into 3 groups; Group A received oral normal saline and served as control; group B received 1.0ml of 50% ethanol orally every 12 hour and group C received neem extract (300 mg/kg) orally 12 hour before ethanol (50%, 1.0 ml). The experiment lasted for seven days after which the animals were sacrificed following chloroform inhalation and the stomach excised. Ethanol treated rats showed marked gross mucosal lesions in the stomach and these were characterized by multiple red patches. Histologically, ethanol treated rats showed ulcerated mucosa with marked apoptotic bodies, mucosal haemorrhage and destruction of glandular elements. Pretreatment with neem extract showed protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Our data suggests that pretreatment with neem extract ...
The aim of the study was to investigate the macro and micro-anatomical adaptations in the uterus ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the macro and micro-anatomical adaptations in the uterus and the type and nature of implantation found in Eidolon helvum. A total of thirty pregnant bats sampled from Obafemi Awolowo University Campus were used in this study. They were harvested and sacrificed by cervical dislocation after being carefully assessed and confirmed to be presumably healthy. Abdominopelvic incisions were made on the bats to expose and excise their uteri. The uteri were observed macroscopically while some were fixed in 10% formol saline and processed for routine Heamatoxylin and eosine (HE the lateral end of either of the uterine limbs was always enlarged or distended more than the other. As the dormant zygote began to develop in either of the uterine limbs, it grew lateromedially causing the particular limb to distend gradually towards the midline of the body. The uterine body did not participate in any way in carrying the developing fetus till term. Tubal implanta...
The aim of this study was to biochemically investigate the conventional pathways of carbohydrate ... more The aim of this study was to biochemically investigate the conventional pathways of carbohydrate metabolism adopted by the small intestine of the two mammals in meeting their energy demand with reference to the varied diet, morphometric and histological differences in their intestines. Ten pangolins and ten bats were used for this investigation. The activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) for the kreb citric acid cycle and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) for the glycolytic pathway were assessed as marker enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism. The results showed that Embden Mayerhoffs pathway is actively utilized by the small intestine of bat for its metabolic processes in contrast to the Krebs citric acid cycle path way in pangolin. This present study had shown that the small intestine of the two mammals utilizes different metabolic pathways in meeting their energy demand.
The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach ... more The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of A, B, C and D (n=5). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 600mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida each by oral intubation for five, seven and nine consecutive days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water. Twenty four hrs after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed; tissues were harvested and fixed in 10% formol saline for histological analysis. The study revealed necrotized surface epithelium, degenerated gastric mucosa, and loss of glandular elements in the stomachs of experimental groups’ vis-à-vis the control group. These observations were days-dependent; as those groups which received the extract for higher number of days were seen to be adversely affected. In conclusion, Cola nitida at ...
Submitted 6 Feb 2017; Accepted 31 Mar 2017; Published 13 Jun 2017 Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weig... more Submitted 6 Feb 2017; Accepted 31 Mar 2017; Published 13 Jun 2017 Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weight-to-height ratio used as a quick and easy guide to obesity classification. BMI of 30 or greater is indicative of excess body fat and has been labelled as increasing the risk of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Body fat percentage is also assessed through skinfold thickness measurement.. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of underweight and obese individuals, and determine the body fat percentage on male and female students of Bowen University, Nigeria. 150 male and 150 female students aged between 16-25 years were randomly selected. Their weight, height, triceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, and subscapular skinfold were measured. Male students had a lower BMI (21.52±3.16 kg/m versus 24.47±22.99 kg/m), and body fat percentage (11.225±3.163 versus 29.97±11.733) than the female subjects. The male and female subjects had a mean weight of...
Health benefits have been attributed to the consumption of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seed... more Health benefits have been attributed to the consumption of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seeds in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia but the potential toxicity especially on chronic use remains to be investigated. Here, diets containing watermelon seeds (WMSs) at 2.5% or 5% were eaten ad libitum daily for 21 d by male and female Wistar rats. Changes in body and organ (liver, kidney, brain, testis, and ovary) weights following diet supplementation were monitored. Biomarkers of organ injury, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TRI), urea, and creatinine (CRE) were measured. WMS-formulated diet led to a decrease in body weight in male but not in female rats compared to the control group. Also, testes weight significantly increased, whereas a decrease in that of the ovaries was noted. Although the ingestion of WMS did not significantly alter the weights of the liver and brain, a trend toward reduction was noticed. No signific...
The aim of the study was to investigate the macro and micro-anatomical adaptations in the uterus ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the macro and micro-anatomical adaptations in the uterus and the type and nature of implantation found in Eidolon helvum. A total of thirty pregnant bats sampled from Obafemi Awolowo University Campus were used in this study. They were harvested and sacrificed by cervical dislocation after being carefully assessed and confirmed to be presumably healthy. Abdominopelvic incisions were made on the bats to expose and excise their uteri. The uteri were observed macroscopically while some were fixed in 10% formol saline and processed for routine Heamatoxylin and eosine (H&E) staining procedure and Verhoeff-van Giesson's stain. It was observed that the uterus of E. helvum possesses a partial septum that divides the uterine cavity into two compartments also; the lateral end of either of the uterine limbs was always enlarged or distended more than the other. As the dormant zygote began to develop in either of the uterine limbs, it grew lateromedially causing the particular limb to distend gradually towards the midline of the body. The uterine body did not participate in any way in carrying the developing fetus till term. Tubal implantationa pathologic condition in some mammals was also observed to be natural in E. helvum. Thus, the presence of partial septate uterus and tubal implantation being a normal phenomenon in the E. helvum shows its primitiveness as a mammal.
Cola nut was investigated for possible harmful effect on the morphology of the stomach, consideri... more Cola nut was investigated for possible harmful effect on the morphology of the stomach, considering its wide consumption and documented antioxidant properties.Twenty-five Adult male Wistar rats with average weight of 167.6 g and randomly divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E each containing five animals. Care of the animal according to the Rules and Guidelines of the Animal Right Committee of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria was adopted. The rats in group A (control) were given distilled water while animals in experimental groups B, C, D and E were each given 600 mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida by oral intubation for consecutive three, five, seven and nine days respectively and sacrificed. The stomach was excised, quickly fixed in 10% formal saline and processed histologically, using routine haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain. The stained sections were subjected to morphometrics analysis at a magnification of sign 40 using the eye piece micr...
The aim of this research study is to analyse the effect of ethanolic extract of Cola nitida on th... more The aim of this research study is to analyse the effect of ethanolic extract of Cola nitida on the brain’s reticular formation. The duration for this experiment was ten days. Ethanolic extract of cola nitida was administered using oropharyngeal canula 1ml/day to 50 mice divided into five groups, with 10 mice in each group. Ethanolic extract of cola nitida was administered to mice in group one for ten days(3.3mg/ml), mice in group two for seven days (2.84mg/ml), mice in group three in five days (2.45mg/ml), mice in group four for three days (2.73mg/ml). Group 5/control group was given water only for the period of administration. Behavioural tests (dark-light transmission box and the open field maze box) were carried out at the end of administration for each group. Histological processing wascarried out on each tissue and the processed tissues were stained using hematoxylin and eosin dye and the Cresyl violet dye. Statistical analyses were carried out using the one- sample T testat P&...
Based on the wide use of kola nut from local communities to many developed societies, various res... more Based on the wide use of kola nut from local communities to many developed societies, various researches have investigated its effects on certain body parameters. Cola nitida, an important species was investigated for possible structural changes in hippocampal structure and if it affected memory. Fifty mice were divided into five groups 1,2,3,4 and 5 containing 10 animals each. Proper care was given to the animals and allowed to acclimatize before commencement of experiment. The mice in group five (control) were given distilled water while animals in experimental groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were by oral intubation given 3.3mg/ml, 2.84mg/ml, 2.45mg/ml and 2.73mg/ml respectively of methanolic extract for 10, 7, 5 and 3 days respectively. After completion for each group, the brains were excised, fixed in 10% formal saline and processed histologically using routine haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain and also cresyl fast violet stain. Some behavioural tests involving radial arm maze and t m...
Introduction Corona virus illness 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic event, began in the first quarter o... more Introduction Corona virus illness 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic event, began in the first quarter of 2020 and affected nearly every country on earth. Several researches on Covid-19 knowledge, attitude, and acceptance of religion in several Nigerian locations have been published. There is a scarcity of data on adult Nigerian men's perceptions and awareness of COVID-19 in relation to immunization. As a result, this study looks into the vaccination knowledge and attitudes of adult Nigerian men in south-west Nigeria. Methods The study is an analytic cross-sectional survey with structured online questionnaires Google form that was administered to the people of Oyo, Osun, and Lagos in Nigeria's south-western states. The study enlisted 309 participants, who were chosen at random after providing informed permission. The link between knowledge of COVID-19 and social demographics factors, knowledge of the vaccination, perception of the vaccine, and awareness and misinformation about COV...
Hippocampus - More Than Just Memory [Working Title]
Hippocampus is the region of the brain that is primarily associated with memory. The hippocampus,... more Hippocampus is the region of the brain that is primarily associated with memory. The hippocampus, which is located in the inner (medial) region of the temporal lobe, forms part of the limbic system, which is important in regulating emotional responses. The hippocampus is thought to be principally involved in storing long-term memories and in making those memories resistant to forgetting, though this is a matter of debate. It is also thought to play an important role in spatial processing and navigation. Cholinergic system has implicated in the functionality of hippocampus interconnections with other neurons for efficient memory modulation. Pyramidal and globular cells are the main cells of the cornus ammonis and the dentate gyrus which is essential in relational memory consolidation. Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter implicated in encoding of memory in the hippocampus. There are diseases that are associated with hippocampus relational memory such as Alzheimer’s disease whic...
The current study examined the prevalence and morphometric values of three extracapsular ligament... more The current study examined the prevalence and morphometric values of three extracapsular ligaments on the lateral aspect of the knee namely lateral collateral ligament, anterolateral and triradiate collateral ligaments in human cadavers. Twenty knees were used. The lateral collateral ligament, anterolateral and triradiate collateral ligaments were present in 70%, 5% and 25% of the cases respectively. The triradiate collateral ligament had three parts namely femoral, tibial and fibular arms with average lengths of 20.03mm, 18.14mm and 16.20mm respectively. The lateral collateral ligament was attached on the lateral condyle of femur and the apex of head of fibula. The anterolateral ligament was attached on the lateral epicondyle of femur anterior to the origin of the lateral collateral ligament and both posterior to the Gerdy’s tubercle and on the lateral meniscus. The triradiate collateral ligament attached on the lateral condyle of femur, descends as the femoral arm and divides at t...
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weight-to-height ratio used as a quick and easy guide to obesity class... more Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weight-to-height ratio used as a quick and easy guide to obesity classification. BMI of 30 or greater is indicative of excess body fat and has been labelled as increasing the risk of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Body fat percentage is also assessed through skinfold thickness measurement.. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of underweight and obese individuals, and determine the body fat percentage on male and female students of Bowen University, Nigeria. 150 male and 150 female students aged between 16-25 years were randomly selected. Their weight, height, triceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, and subscapular skinfold were measured. Male students had a lower BMI (21.52±3.16 kg/m 2 versus 24.47±22.99 kg/m 2), and body fat percentage (11.225±3.163 versus 29.97±11.733) than the female subjects. The male and female subjects had a mean weight of 66.56±10.29 kg and 61.16±11.83 kg; height 176.05±7.73 cm and ...
The present study was undertaken to assess the neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Garc... more The present study was undertaken to assess the neuroprotective effects of aqueous extract of Garcinia kola on neurotoxin administered malnourished mice. The study was carried out using thirty-two adult Malnourished mice which were randomly assigned into four groups (n=8): A, B, C, and D. Group A served as control, while the other groups served as the experimental groups. Animals in group A were fed malnourished diet ad libitum and water given liberally. Animals in group B were administered with 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) (neurotoxin) only (20 mg/kg body weight), group C were given only Garcinia kola extracts, and group D were pre-treated with Garcinia kola extracts for seven days (200mg/kg) prior to administration of neurotoxin (20 mg/kg body weight). After three days of neurotoxins administration in the relevant groups, the brains were excised and fixed in formal calcium for histological processing. The study showed that hippocampal and cerebellar neurons of animals in group B ex...
The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach ... more The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of A, B, C and D (n=5). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 600mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida each by oral intubation for five, seven and nine consecutive days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water. Twenty four hrs after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed; tissues were harvested and fixed in 10 % formol saline for histological analysis. The study revealed necrotized surface epithelium, degenerated gastric mucosa, and loss of glandular elements in the stomachs of experimental groups ’ vis-à-vis the control group. These observations were days-dependent; as those groups which received the extract for higher number of days were seen to be adversely affected. In conclusion, Cola nitida a...
Scientific reports on the haemostatic effects of Ageratum conyzoides, Asteraceae in experimental ... more Scientific reports on the haemostatic effects of Ageratum conyzoides, Asteraceae in experimental animals are relatively scanty. But their uses in wound care in many indigenous tribes around the world have been widely reported. This experiment was therefore designed to scientifically test the possible haemostatic effect of methanolic leaf extract of A. conyzoides using albino rat as a model. Twenty albino rats weighing 100 - 170 g were divided into four groups of five rats each. Group = 1 \* ROMAN I served as control and received 10 ml/kg of vehicle (normal saline) while Group = 2 \* ROMAN II, = 3 \* ROMAN III, and = 4 \* ROMAN IV served as the experimental groups and were given 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract of A. conyzoides once a day for two weeks. All the doses were administered intraperitoneally. In all groups, the blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture under chloroform anaesthesia to determine prothrombin time, clotting time and plasma fibrin...
Aripiprazole, a known third generation anti-psychotic drug. The drug has shown to have lesser sid... more Aripiprazole, a known third generation anti-psychotic drug. The drug has shown to have lesser side effects on extrapyramidal system and enhance memory when compared with the first-generation anti-psychotic drugs. However, studies on the impact of aripiprazole on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice have been poorly reported. This study was designed to investigate the impact of aripiprazole on scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Thirtysix (36) mice weighing between 20-23g were randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 was given 10 ml/kg distilled water. Group 2 received 3 mg/kg scopolamine alone. Group 3 was given 1 mg/kg donepezil. Group 4 received 0.5 mg/kg aripiprazole. Group 5 was given 0.3 mg/kg aripiprazole. Group 6 received 0.1mg/kg aripiprazole. Thirty minutes after administration of either aripiprazole or donepezil, scopolamine (3 mg/kg) was administered, intraperitoneally. The administration was for 7days, during which their memory was assessed using Morris water ...
The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of aqueous neem extract on e... more The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of aqueous neem extract on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in adult wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats used in the study were divided into 3 groups; Group A received oral normal saline and served as control; group B received 1.0ml of 50% ethanol orally every 12 hour and group C received neem extract (300 mg/kg) orally 12 hour before ethanol (50%, 1.0 ml). The experiment lasted for seven days after which the animals were sacrificed following chloroform inhalation and the stomach excised. Ethanol treated rats showed marked gross mucosal lesions in the stomach and these were characterized by multiple red patches. Histologically, ethanol treated rats showed ulcerated mucosa with marked apoptotic bodies, mucosal haemorrhage and destruction of glandular elements. Pretreatment with neem extract showed protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Our data suggests that pretreatment with neem extract ...
The aim of the study was to investigate the macro and micro-anatomical adaptations in the uterus ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the macro and micro-anatomical adaptations in the uterus and the type and nature of implantation found in Eidolon helvum. A total of thirty pregnant bats sampled from Obafemi Awolowo University Campus were used in this study. They were harvested and sacrificed by cervical dislocation after being carefully assessed and confirmed to be presumably healthy. Abdominopelvic incisions were made on the bats to expose and excise their uteri. The uteri were observed macroscopically while some were fixed in 10% formol saline and processed for routine Heamatoxylin and eosine (HE the lateral end of either of the uterine limbs was always enlarged or distended more than the other. As the dormant zygote began to develop in either of the uterine limbs, it grew lateromedially causing the particular limb to distend gradually towards the midline of the body. The uterine body did not participate in any way in carrying the developing fetus till term. Tubal implanta...
The aim of this study was to biochemically investigate the conventional pathways of carbohydrate ... more The aim of this study was to biochemically investigate the conventional pathways of carbohydrate metabolism adopted by the small intestine of the two mammals in meeting their energy demand with reference to the varied diet, morphometric and histological differences in their intestines. Ten pangolins and ten bats were used for this investigation. The activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) for the kreb citric acid cycle and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) for the glycolytic pathway were assessed as marker enzymes for carbohydrate metabolism. The results showed that Embden Mayerhoffs pathway is actively utilized by the small intestine of bat for its metabolic processes in contrast to the Krebs citric acid cycle path way in pangolin. This present study had shown that the small intestine of the two mammals utilizes different metabolic pathways in meeting their energy demand.
The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach ... more The study investigated the microanatomical effects of the extracts of Cola nitida on the stomach mucosa of adult male Wistar rats. Twenty adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups of A, B, C and D (n=5). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 600mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida each by oral intubation for five, seven and nine consecutive days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water. Twenty four hrs after the last administration, the animals were sacrificed; tissues were harvested and fixed in 10% formol saline for histological analysis. The study revealed necrotized surface epithelium, degenerated gastric mucosa, and loss of glandular elements in the stomachs of experimental groups’ vis-à-vis the control group. These observations were days-dependent; as those groups which received the extract for higher number of days were seen to be adversely affected. In conclusion, Cola nitida at ...
Submitted 6 Feb 2017; Accepted 31 Mar 2017; Published 13 Jun 2017 Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weig... more Submitted 6 Feb 2017; Accepted 31 Mar 2017; Published 13 Jun 2017 Body Mass Index (BMI) is a weight-to-height ratio used as a quick and easy guide to obesity classification. BMI of 30 or greater is indicative of excess body fat and has been labelled as increasing the risk of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Body fat percentage is also assessed through skinfold thickness measurement.. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of underweight and obese individuals, and determine the body fat percentage on male and female students of Bowen University, Nigeria. 150 male and 150 female students aged between 16-25 years were randomly selected. Their weight, height, triceps skinfold, abdominal skinfold, and subscapular skinfold were measured. Male students had a lower BMI (21.52±3.16 kg/m versus 24.47±22.99 kg/m), and body fat percentage (11.225±3.163 versus 29.97±11.733) than the female subjects. The male and female subjects had a mean weight of...
Health benefits have been attributed to the consumption of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seed... more Health benefits have been attributed to the consumption of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) seeds in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia but the potential toxicity especially on chronic use remains to be investigated. Here, diets containing watermelon seeds (WMSs) at 2.5% or 5% were eaten ad libitum daily for 21 d by male and female Wistar rats. Changes in body and organ (liver, kidney, brain, testis, and ovary) weights following diet supplementation were monitored. Biomarkers of organ injury, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TRI), urea, and creatinine (CRE) were measured. WMS-formulated diet led to a decrease in body weight in male but not in female rats compared to the control group. Also, testes weight significantly increased, whereas a decrease in that of the ovaries was noted. Although the ingestion of WMS did not significantly alter the weights of the liver and brain, a trend toward reduction was noticed. No signific...
The aim of the study was to investigate the macro and micro-anatomical adaptations in the uterus ... more The aim of the study was to investigate the macro and micro-anatomical adaptations in the uterus and the type and nature of implantation found in Eidolon helvum. A total of thirty pregnant bats sampled from Obafemi Awolowo University Campus were used in this study. They were harvested and sacrificed by cervical dislocation after being carefully assessed and confirmed to be presumably healthy. Abdominopelvic incisions were made on the bats to expose and excise their uteri. The uteri were observed macroscopically while some were fixed in 10% formol saline and processed for routine Heamatoxylin and eosine (H&E) staining procedure and Verhoeff-van Giesson's stain. It was observed that the uterus of E. helvum possesses a partial septum that divides the uterine cavity into two compartments also; the lateral end of either of the uterine limbs was always enlarged or distended more than the other. As the dormant zygote began to develop in either of the uterine limbs, it grew lateromedially causing the particular limb to distend gradually towards the midline of the body. The uterine body did not participate in any way in carrying the developing fetus till term. Tubal implantationa pathologic condition in some mammals was also observed to be natural in E. helvum. Thus, the presence of partial septate uterus and tubal implantation being a normal phenomenon in the E. helvum shows its primitiveness as a mammal.
Cola nut was investigated for possible harmful effect on the morphology of the stomach, consideri... more Cola nut was investigated for possible harmful effect on the morphology of the stomach, considering its wide consumption and documented antioxidant properties.Twenty-five Adult male Wistar rats with average weight of 167.6 g and randomly divided into five groups A, B, C, D and E each containing five animals. Care of the animal according to the Rules and Guidelines of the Animal Right Committee of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria was adopted. The rats in group A (control) were given distilled water while animals in experimental groups B, C, D and E were each given 600 mg/kg body weight of crude extract of Cola nitida by oral intubation for consecutive three, five, seven and nine days respectively and sacrificed. The stomach was excised, quickly fixed in 10% formal saline and processed histologically, using routine haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain. The stained sections were subjected to morphometrics analysis at a magnification of sign 40 using the eye piece micr...
The aim of this research study is to analyse the effect of ethanolic extract of Cola nitida on th... more The aim of this research study is to analyse the effect of ethanolic extract of Cola nitida on the brain’s reticular formation. The duration for this experiment was ten days. Ethanolic extract of cola nitida was administered using oropharyngeal canula 1ml/day to 50 mice divided into five groups, with 10 mice in each group. Ethanolic extract of cola nitida was administered to mice in group one for ten days(3.3mg/ml), mice in group two for seven days (2.84mg/ml), mice in group three in five days (2.45mg/ml), mice in group four for three days (2.73mg/ml). Group 5/control group was given water only for the period of administration. Behavioural tests (dark-light transmission box and the open field maze box) were carried out at the end of administration for each group. Histological processing wascarried out on each tissue and the processed tissues were stained using hematoxylin and eosin dye and the Cresyl violet dye. Statistical analyses were carried out using the one- sample T testat P&...
Based on the wide use of kola nut from local communities to many developed societies, various res... more Based on the wide use of kola nut from local communities to many developed societies, various researches have investigated its effects on certain body parameters. Cola nitida, an important species was investigated for possible structural changes in hippocampal structure and if it affected memory. Fifty mice were divided into five groups 1,2,3,4 and 5 containing 10 animals each. Proper care was given to the animals and allowed to acclimatize before commencement of experiment. The mice in group five (control) were given distilled water while animals in experimental groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 were by oral intubation given 3.3mg/ml, 2.84mg/ml, 2.45mg/ml and 2.73mg/ml respectively of methanolic extract for 10, 7, 5 and 3 days respectively. After completion for each group, the brains were excised, fixed in 10% formal saline and processed histologically using routine haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stain and also cresyl fast violet stain. Some behavioural tests involving radial arm maze and t m...
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