Papers by Ghulam Fareed Kalwar
International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 2015
Cotton is an important cash crop which covers 35 million hectares of land. Major objectives of th... more Cotton is an important cash crop which covers 35 million hectares of land. Major objectives of the study were to examine the role of determinants of cotton yield to asses' financial gain from Bt.cotton comparing with conventional Cotton. District Khairpur was selected for the present study where both Bt.cotton and conventional cotton varieties are grown primary data on Bt. cotton and conventional cotton was collected from the farmers through personal interviews with the help of specially designed questionnaire. A simple random sampling technique was used to collect the data. Cobb-Douglas production function was used for yield analysis. Logit model was used to find the probability of Bt.cotton. Farmers growing Bt. cotton who had used seed rate (6-8) kg per acre were 46.66 percent, while 53.33 percent had used seed rate (9-10) kg per acre. Conventional cotton who had used seed rate (6-8) kg per acre was 66.66 percent while 33.33 percent had used seed rate (9-10) kg per acre. Total costs per acre in Bt.cotton sown were greater than the conventional Cotton activities, total costs incurred in the conventional cotton were far lower (about 26 percent lower) than Bt.cotton. On an average higher yield (40 mounds per acre) was obtained in Bt.cotton sown than conventional cotton yield (25 mounds per acre). Price gained per mounds was almost the same in two cotton activities. Higher profit was observed in Bt. cotton and very low profit was obtained in conventional cotton.
Journal of Biological Sciences, 2001
Three experiments on soybean water relations were carried out for three years at Mlalir Farm of S... more Three experiments on soybean water relations were carried out for three years at Mlalir Farm of Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam. The crop was irrigated in response to 3, 5 and 8 bar soil moisture tensions and irrigation schedules were also tested at different stages of vegetative and reproductive growth. The fertility levels were 50-60-30 and 50-90-30 kgs/ha. The Sultanpur silt loam contained 23.5% and 8.65% moisture at field capacity and wilting point. The infiltration rate of the soil was 7.06 mm/hr. Averagely, the cumulative ET was 767, 643 and 535 mm, when the crop was irrigated at 3, 5 and 8 bar tensions. The ET increased with the crop age with maximum at 105 to 115 days after sowing, which corresponded to the pod fill stage. The increase in moisture stress forced plants to draw higher percentage of water from the lower layers than the plants under less stress. The KC increased with crop age and soil moisture availability. The highest KC occurred at 105 to 115 days after sowing, following the same pattern as ET. The grain yield reduced by 28% and 20% at 8 and 5 bar as compared to 3 bar moisture stress. It was about 10% more in 90 than 60 kg P2O5 /ha treatment. Similarly positive effects of higher P2O5 were observed for yield components. The water stress also reduced; height, nodule weight, pods and grains per plant, and seed weight. The increase in phosphorus augmented number of pods and grains per plant as well as seed weight. The plants under stress and higher fertility were more efficient in producing grain/mm of water consumed up to 5 bar tension. The oil and protein content of seed was not influenced by moisture stress. The moisture stress at any growth stage of crop reduced grain yield. However blooming, pod formation, and pod fill were the most critical stages for water stress, which caused high reductions in number of pods and grains per plant, seed weight and yield. The soil moisture stress at early vegetative growth also caused reduced height and plant population.
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Papers by Ghulam Fareed Kalwar