Vernalization response genes are known to contribute indirectly to grain yield by influencing flo... more Vernalization response genes are known to contribute indirectly to grain yield by influencing flowering time, number of tillers and spikelets in sensitive wheat genotypes. There has been no report of the effect of vernalization on grain fill duration and grain weight in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vernalization on grain fill duration and grain weight in a set of 5 high latitude spring wheat, differing in vernalization response, and their 10 F 1 hybrids obtained from a one-way diallel cross. The 15 genotypes were grown with and without 42d-vernalization treatment. Vernalization altered grain fill duration and grain weight in both sensitive and insensitive genotypes and no clear pattern was observed in terms of the vernalization responsiveness of the genotypes. No correlation was found between grain fill duration and grain weight in vernalized and non-vernalized treatment, indicating that the increase in grain fill duration of some of the genotypes with vernalization did not have an effect on grain weight. In order to harvest the full yield potential, vernalization sensitive genotypes may be grown in those eco-regions of high northern latitudes where growing season is relatively long and where temperatures are usually above the vernalization range.
Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieti... more Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieties suitable for saline soils. We evaluated 129 Pakistani and 58 exotic wheat landraces/cultivars grown in Hoagland’s hydroponic nutrient solution, under control (tap water equivalent to 10 mM salt) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) conditions. Forty-four genotypes were also tested under 250 mM NaCl stress. High heritability and positive correlations suggested that number of tillers per plant, root length, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot fresh and dry weights are associated with salt tolerance and could be used as selection criteria. SSR markers revealed high genetic variation in the wheat genotypes. Twelve SSR markers (cfd 1, cfd 9, cfd 18, cfd 46, cfd 49, cfd 183, wmc 11, wmc 17, wmc 18, wmc 154, wmc 432, and wmc 503) were found to be associated with salt tolerance because they were amplified in tolerant genotypes only. Five markers, cfd 9, cfd 18, cfd 183, wmc 96, and wmc 405, were i...
Materials and methods Leaf tissues of 100 wheat lines, including 30 lines from National Uniform W... more Materials and methods Leaf tissues of 100 wheat lines, including 30 lines from National Uniform Wheat Yield Trial (2010-2011) and 70 lines from National Wheat Disease Screening Nursery (NWDSN), along with 10 positive and negative controls were obtained from the field area of Crop Diseases Research
A Rice chitinase-3 under enhance version of CaMV 35S was introduced into peanut (Arachis hypogaea... more A Rice chitinase-3 under enhance version of CaMV 35S was introduced into peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through Agrobacterium mediation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LB4404 was used harboring the binary vector (pB1333-EN4-RCG3) containing the chitinase (chit) and hygromycin resistance (hpt) gene as selectable marker. Putative transgenic shoots were regenerated and grown on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l kinetin, and 30 mg/l hygromycin. Elongated shoots were examined for the presence of the integrated rice chitinase gene along with hygromycin gene as selectable. The integration pattern of transgene in the nuclear genome of the putative transformed plants (T(0)) was confirmed through Southern hybridization analysis of the genomic DNA. Survival rate of the in vitro regenerated plantlets was over 60% while healthy putatively transgenic (T(0)) plants with over 42% transformation frequency were produced through Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer of the rice chitinase gene and all the plants flowered and set seed normally. T1 plants were tested for resistance against Cercospora arachidicola by infection with the microspores. Transgenic strains exhibited a higher resistance than the control (non-transgenic plants). chitinase gene expression in highly resistant transgenic strains was compared to that of a susceptible control. A good correlation was observed between chitinase activity and fungal pathogen resistance.
Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieti... more Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieties suitable for saline soils. We evaluated 129 Pakistani and 58 exotic wheat landraces/ cultivars grown in Hoagland's hydroponic nutrient solution, under control (tap water equivalent to 10 mM salt) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) conditions. Forty-four genotypes were also tested under 250 mM NaCl stress. High heritability and positive correlations suggested that number of tillers per plant, root length, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot fresh and dry weights are associated with salt tolerance and could be used as selection criteria. SSR markers revealed high genetic variation in the wheat genotypes. Twelve SSR markers (cfd 1, cfd 9, cfd 18, cfd 46, cfd 49, cfd 183, wmc 11, wmc 17, wmc 18, wmc 154, wmc 432, and wmc 503) were found to be associated with salt tolerance because they were amplified in tolerant genotypes only. Five markers, cfd 9, cfd 18, cfd 183, wmc 96, and wmc 405, were identified as most suitable to evaluate salt tolerance
The newly conceived China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) can prove a game changer not only for... more The newly conceived China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) can prove a game changer not only for the two countries but also for the region. The corridor can act as a regional institution to boost bilateral relations. Against the commonly misunderstood impression that the CPEC is a land or rail connectivity passage between the two countries, the CPEC is indeed a comprehensive concept that encompasses economic and strategic integration between the two countries in the long run. Furthermore, the CPEC is the name of regional economic integration beyond the geographical route; it represent the domestic institutional arrangements and macro-economic coordination between the two countries in the transnational flow of economic factors such as capital, technology, information and labour....Thus, economic cooperation between Pakistan and China is not only complementary in areas such as capital, technology, labour and energy but also pushes for the integration of their economies. This compleme...
Vernalization response genes are known to contribute indirectly to grain yield by influencing flo... more Vernalization response genes are known to contribute indirectly to grain yield by influencing flowering time, number of tillers and spikelets in sensitive wheat genotypes. There has been no report of the effect of vernalization on grain fill duration and grain weight in wheat. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of vernalization on grain fill duration and grain weight in a set of 5 high latitude spring wheat, differing in vernalization response, and their 10 F 1 hybrids obtained from a one-way diallel cross. The 15 genotypes were grown with and without 42d-vernalization treatment. Vernalization altered grain fill duration and grain weight in both sensitive and insensitive genotypes and no clear pattern was observed in terms of the vernalization responsiveness of the genotypes. No correlation was found between grain fill duration and grain weight in vernalized and non-vernalized treatment, indicating that the increase in grain fill duration of some of the genotypes with vernalization did not have an effect on grain weight. In order to harvest the full yield potential, vernalization sensitive genotypes may be grown in those eco-regions of high northern latitudes where growing season is relatively long and where temperatures are usually above the vernalization range.
Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieti... more Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieties suitable for saline soils. We evaluated 129 Pakistani and 58 exotic wheat landraces/cultivars grown in Hoagland’s hydroponic nutrient solution, under control (tap water equivalent to 10 mM salt) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) conditions. Forty-four genotypes were also tested under 250 mM NaCl stress. High heritability and positive correlations suggested that number of tillers per plant, root length, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot fresh and dry weights are associated with salt tolerance and could be used as selection criteria. SSR markers revealed high genetic variation in the wheat genotypes. Twelve SSR markers (cfd 1, cfd 9, cfd 18, cfd 46, cfd 49, cfd 183, wmc 11, wmc 17, wmc 18, wmc 154, wmc 432, and wmc 503) were found to be associated with salt tolerance because they were amplified in tolerant genotypes only. Five markers, cfd 9, cfd 18, cfd 183, wmc 96, and wmc 405, were i...
Materials and methods Leaf tissues of 100 wheat lines, including 30 lines from National Uniform W... more Materials and methods Leaf tissues of 100 wheat lines, including 30 lines from National Uniform Wheat Yield Trial (2010-2011) and 70 lines from National Wheat Disease Screening Nursery (NWDSN), along with 10 positive and negative controls were obtained from the field area of Crop Diseases Research
A Rice chitinase-3 under enhance version of CaMV 35S was introduced into peanut (Arachis hypogaea... more A Rice chitinase-3 under enhance version of CaMV 35S was introduced into peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through Agrobacterium mediation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LB4404 was used harboring the binary vector (pB1333-EN4-RCG3) containing the chitinase (chit) and hygromycin resistance (hpt) gene as selectable marker. Putative transgenic shoots were regenerated and grown on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l BAP, 1 mg/l kinetin, and 30 mg/l hygromycin. Elongated shoots were examined for the presence of the integrated rice chitinase gene along with hygromycin gene as selectable. The integration pattern of transgene in the nuclear genome of the putative transformed plants (T(0)) was confirmed through Southern hybridization analysis of the genomic DNA. Survival rate of the in vitro regenerated plantlets was over 60% while healthy putatively transgenic (T(0)) plants with over 42% transformation frequency were produced through Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer of the rice chitinase gene and all the plants flowered and set seed normally. T1 plants were tested for resistance against Cercospora arachidicola by infection with the microspores. Transgenic strains exhibited a higher resistance than the control (non-transgenic plants). chitinase gene expression in highly resistant transgenic strains was compared to that of a susceptible control. A good correlation was observed between chitinase activity and fungal pathogen resistance.
Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieti... more Identification of new sources of salt tolerance is particularly important to develop crop varieties suitable for saline soils. We evaluated 129 Pakistani and 58 exotic wheat landraces/ cultivars grown in Hoagland's hydroponic nutrient solution, under control (tap water equivalent to 10 mM salt) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) conditions. Forty-four genotypes were also tested under 250 mM NaCl stress. High heritability and positive correlations suggested that number of tillers per plant, root length, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot fresh and dry weights are associated with salt tolerance and could be used as selection criteria. SSR markers revealed high genetic variation in the wheat genotypes. Twelve SSR markers (cfd 1, cfd 9, cfd 18, cfd 46, cfd 49, cfd 183, wmc 11, wmc 17, wmc 18, wmc 154, wmc 432, and wmc 503) were found to be associated with salt tolerance because they were amplified in tolerant genotypes only. Five markers, cfd 9, cfd 18, cfd 183, wmc 96, and wmc 405, were identified as most suitable to evaluate salt tolerance
The newly conceived China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) can prove a game changer not only for... more The newly conceived China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) can prove a game changer not only for the two countries but also for the region. The corridor can act as a regional institution to boost bilateral relations. Against the commonly misunderstood impression that the CPEC is a land or rail connectivity passage between the two countries, the CPEC is indeed a comprehensive concept that encompasses economic and strategic integration between the two countries in the long run. Furthermore, the CPEC is the name of regional economic integration beyond the geographical route; it represent the domestic institutional arrangements and macro-economic coordination between the two countries in the transnational flow of economic factors such as capital, technology, information and labour....Thus, economic cooperation between Pakistan and China is not only complementary in areas such as capital, technology, labour and energy but also pushes for the integration of their economies. This compleme...
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