Papers by Gheorghe Corneliu Lazarovici
In this study we made a quite large presentation of some important religious themes of Vinča cult... more In this study we made a quite large presentation of some important religious themes of Vinča culture, one the most important civilization of Neolithic period. Based on di!erent discoveries, on literature, as well as on our own experience we have noticed that many of the main religious themes are intercorrelated. So, we have discussed the problem of sanctuaries and cultic inventory, focus on Zorlenţu Mare, Balta Sărată, as well as on Liubcova discoveries. It was discussed and the fragmentation of idols, ritual breaking of sacred e"gies, how it is right to be named, idols or gurines. We referred to the types of masks (human or animal) illustrated by Vinča plastic art. In connection with masks we have approached other problems, such as sacred liquid, symbols of power and social distinctions (cross band, belt, diagonal band etc.). Another important theme is related with birth and sexual organs (phallus, vulva), some artifacts giving us opportunity to present analogies or similar depicting manner. Vinča plastic art also re#ect the theme man-bird, bird, #ight (idol or amulets of Zorlenţ type, with anthropomorphic and ornithomorphic attributes). Dance and music are part of sacred, expressed through alto relief manner of rendering feminine characters on Zorlenţu Mare pots; ocarina discovered at Liubcova can be considered as one of the earliest musical instruments in the area. We did not avoided elements related with magic, but we have underlined that is quite di"cult to make di!erence between the white and the black magic practices, based on artifacts from Zorlenţu Mare, Gornea, or Balta Sărată. Another topic was related to the symbols and signs discovered on several objects related with sacred: idols, pots, altars, table/altars, candles, sacred house, tablets, plates, discs, buttons, and breads. Analogies and similarly discoveries have been presented with reference to our database, Scrierea (Word), as well as the Danube script. Analyzes of di!erent artifacts has underline other important themes, such as sacred marriage, oranta (worship position), throne etc. Most of the religious themes of Vinča culture as in other civilizations are related with events of humans and cycles of nature, sacred and profane being in an inextricably dependence.
In this paper we have syntactical and analytical investigated one part of the published Precucute... more In this paper we have syntactical and analytical investigated one part of the published Precucuteni materials discovered in Transylvania. Our aim was to establish if they represent local material or imports. We have made a database for data and information named Precucuteni, where we have introduced all the published data. We have established codes especially for decoration, not for the shapes of pots, while most of the material is very much fragmentary. We developed our code system starting with the one made by Z. Maxim in 1999, but we have enlarge it. We have also analyzed materials from Moldova, ascribed to early Precucuteni phase (Traian – Dealul Viei, Izvoare) as well as the new discoveries from Baia (Precucuteni IB). Today in Transylvania there are about 38–40 sites with Precucuteni materials (some not very sure). Our analyze underlined once again that SE of Transylvania was involved in the formation area of this culture. Based on our analyze (motives used for decoration; not shapes of pottery) we have divided Precucuteni discoveries in Precucuteni IA, IB, IC. In the first stage Precucuteni IA (table 1C, red mark) there are several south influences, Boian Bolintineanu and Giuleşti (green, fig. 1A), that have an important role for the born of Precucuteni culture. Even in stage Precucuteni IB there are still southern influences, Bolintineanu, Vădastra and Giuleşti (table 2.1, light green mark). For some cases there some doubts related with small sounds. We also analyzed some materials ascribed to linear pottery culture, associated with Precucuteni materials (Olteni B; and in other sites in Transylvania). Some specialists believed that this civilization has a role in the born of Precucuteni culture too; but based on our analyze we consider that linear pottery culture materials represent only imports, suggesting contacts between different communities and they do not play a role in the genesis of Precucuteni culture. Precucuteni discoveries from western Transylvania can be ascribed to Precucuteni I (Mintia, Lumea Nouă; other discoveries namely those of Turdaş from Z. Torma collection do not have any archaeological context); only one fragment discovered at Lumea Nouă can be ascribed to Precucuteni II. The cup fragment discovered at Ţaga, between the remains of the banquet found in pit Gr. 28 (Zau culture, phase III), is characteristic for late Precucuteni I phase (Precucuteni IC). Based on our analyses we consider that in Transylvania, as well as in Moldova, during Precucuteni II there are new southern impulses. It is possible that these impulses mark a new Boian migration in Transylvania, at a post Giuleşti level, as is suggest by discoveries from Caşolţ, Feldioara, Leţ, Turia a.s.o. There are few objects related with plastic art that can be ascribed to Precucuteni culture (idols from Olteni – Cariera de Nisip). A small altar discovered at Iclod has analogies at Traian – Dealul Viei. As a conclusion, based on the analyzed materials, we consider that in Transylvania it is a local evolution of Precucuteni I phase, with several southern elements. Precucuteni imports in Turdaş II–III and Foeni milieu in Transylvania suggest a possible parallelism between Precucuteni IB and Precucuteni II of Moldova (those named by D. Monah in relation with Poduri house L36 with the 2 cult complexes). In Transylvania there are not typical discoveries related with Precucuteni II, except 2 sherds that indicate imports. Based on the new radiocarbon data and reinterpretation of some older ones, we believe that the beginning of Precucuteni I in Transylvania is related with 4700 BC, at the same chronological level with Turdaş II and the end of Vinča C3.
Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Dec 20, 2022
The paper analyzes a series of rings from the early Neolithic that each have a single link. Start... more The paper analyzes a series of rings from the early Neolithic that each have a single link. Starting from Vinča A, double rings appear, and then, at the end of phases B or perhaps during the Tisa culture, a workshop for making rings with 2–3 rings was discovered at Cioka. The author believes that they served specialized hunters, as in our times they are gloves with three fingers to provide more safety when handling the bow. In the work, references are also made to other hunting sticks – the boomerang – reported in Măgura and Turdaş, these with three arms arguing with the recent boomerangs from commercial where they have three arms. The work ends with references to examples from ethnology about the ring.
Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei, Dec 20, 2021
The paper analyses a series of special discoveries which show that these items of clothing belong... more The paper analyses a series of special discoveries which show that these items of clothing belong to social and religious elites, or ornaments of some deities. They were used as bracelets and pendants. A more special piece is from Donja Branjevina from the 7th millennium BC, which has been observed to have representations related to the constellations of the sky. Keywords: bracelets, pendants, symbols, constellations, Neolithic
Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Transilvaniei, 2006
Arheologia Moldovei, Apr 12, 2016
Acta Musei Napocensis, 1976
Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, 1979
Lazarovici Gheorghe, Uzum Ilie, Bozu Ovidiu, Gumă Marian, Săcărin Caius. Raport preliminar de cer... more Lazarovici Gheorghe, Uzum Ilie, Bozu Ovidiu, Gumă Marian, Săcărin Caius. Raport preliminar de cercetare arheologică la Gornea Liubcova. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°13 1979. A XIII - A sesiune anuală de rapoarte. pp. 391-392
Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, 1983
Lazarovici Gheorghe. Şantierul arheologic Iclod (1977—1981) / Die archäologische Ausgrabungen von... more Lazarovici Gheorghe. Şantierul arheologic Iclod (1977—1981) / Die archäologische Ausgrabungen von Iclod.. In: Materiale şi cercetări arheologice, N°15 1983. A XV-A sesiune anuală de rapoarte, Muzeul jedeţean Braşov – 1981. pp. 50-61
At the end of the nineteenth century and during the early decades of the last century, distinguis... more At the end of the nineteenth century and during the early decades of the last century, distinguished archaeologists, historians, linguists, epigraphists, and philologists spent much energy debating the issue of the existence of a script developed in ancient times in the middle and lower Danube basin. Shards and objects found at Turdaş, Vinča or other Danube-Balkan settlements were clearly inscribed with signs of some sort of writing, which led scholars to search for links between SouthEastern Europe and the more "civilized" regions of Mesopotamia, the Levant and eastern Mediterranean areas. This assumption was consistent with their classical education and with prevalent ideas at that time about the spread of cultures from the southeast to the north and west. Yet the precocious specimens of a European writing could not be related to the Neo-Eneolithic times due to the lack of reliable dating methods. The pioneer of the Danube-Balkan approach to writing as early as 1874 was Baroness Zsófia Torma. Collecting artifacts from the Transylvanian site of Turdaş18, beside the river Mureş19 which flows into the Tisza, a tributary of the Danube, the Hungarian archaeologist recovered many extraordinary female figurines, pots, artifacts made of stone, boons, as well as marble and fragments of pottery bearing strange signs. The excavations encountered obstacles because of the peasants' superstitions that the exhumation of the prehistoric vestiges could cause natural calamities and put the harvest at risk. Nevertheless Baroness Torma inventoried around 11,000 finds of Turdaş group, among which over 300 appeared clearly incised or painted with pictographic writing but also included abstract and linear characters. The settlement of Turdaş was subsequently excavated by M.
Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 1997
SummaryPurpose: Successful development of a vascular prosthesis lined with endothelial cells (EC)... more SummaryPurpose: Successful development of a vascular prosthesis lined with endothelial cells (EC) may depend on the ability of the attached cells to resist shear forces after implantation. The present study was designed to investigate EC detachment from extracellular matrix (ECM) precoated vascular prostheses, caused by shear stress in vitro and to test the performance of these grafts in vivo. Methods: Bovine aortic endothelial cells were seeded inside untreated polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE) vascular graft (10 X 0.6 cm), PTFE graft precoated with fibronectin (FN), or PTFE precoated with FN and a naturally produced ECM (106 cells/graft). Sixteen hours after seeding the medium was replaced and unattached cells counted. The strength of endothelial cell attachment was evaluated by subjecting the grafts to a physiologic shear stress of 15 dynes/cm2 for 1 h. The detached cells were collected and quantitated. PTFE or EC preseeded ECM coated grafts were implanted in the common carotid art...
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Papers by Gheorghe Corneliu Lazarovici