This study provides a comprehensive test of the distributive justice framework to explain justice... more This study provides a comprehensive test of the distributive justice framework to explain justice evaluations of the division of family work. Using data of 632 dual-earner couples with young children from 3 European countries, the analyses provided good support for the distributive justice framework. The frequency with which spouses compared each other's amounts of family work, the outcome of the comparison of the husband's family work with the family work performed by other men, and the extent to which the partner appreciated one's family work proved to be most predictive of justice evaluations. Notably, the evidence supports the model equally for women and men and for justice evaluations of the divisions of domestic work and child care. The division of family work between woman and man and its perceived justice are central issues in the reconciliation of family and professional work in dual-earner couples with children (Coltrane, 2000; Frone, 2003). Shelton and John (1996, p. 300) defined family work as "unpaid work done to maintain
The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals... more The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals, and impacts the initiation, structure, and function of all organs. Maize leaves comprise a proximal sheath that encloses the stem, and a distal photosynthetic blade that projects away from the plant axis. An epidermally-derived ligule and a joint-like auricle develop at the blade/sheath boundary of maize leaves. Mutations disturbing the ligule/auricle region disrupt leaf patterning and impact plant architecture, yet it is unclear how this developmental boundary is established. Targeted microdissection followed by transcriptomic analyses of young leaf primordia were utilized to construct a co-expression network associated with development of the blade/sheath boundary. Evidence is presented for proximodistal gradients of gene expression that establish a pre-patterned transcriptomic boundary in young leaf primordia, before the morphological initiation of the blade/sheath boundary in older leaves. This work presents a conceptual model for spatiotemporal patterning of proximodistal leaf domains, and provides a rich resource of candidate gene interactions for future investigations of the mechanisms of blade/sheath boundary formation in maize.
The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals... more The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals, and impacts the initiation, structure, and function of all organs. Maize leaves comprise a proximal sheath that encloses the stem, and a distal photosynthetic blade that projects away from the plant axis. An epidermally-derived ligule and a joint-like auricle develop at the blade/sheath boundary of maize leaves. Mutations disturbing the ligule/auricle region disrupt leaf patterning and impact plant architecture, yet it is unclear how this developmental boundary is established. Targeted microdissection followed by transcriptomic analyses of young leaf primordia were utilized to construct a co-expression network associated with development of the blade/sheath boundary. Evidence is presented for proximodistal gradients of gene expression that establish a pre-patterned transcriptomic boundary in young leaf primordia, before the morphological initiation of the blade/sheath boundary in older leaves. This work presents a conceptual model for spatiotemporal patterning of proximodistal leaf domains, and provides a rich resource of candidate gene interactions for future investigations of the mechanisms of blade/sheath boundary formation in maize.
... perspective Esther S. Kluwer Utrecht University, The Netherlands Gerold Mikula University of ... more ... perspective Esther S. Kluwer Utrecht University, The Netherlands Gerold Mikula University of Graz, Austria ... This type of social comparison with the spouse is referred to as relational comparison (Buunk & VanYperen, 1991; Hatfield, Traupmann, Sprecher, Utne, & Hay, 1985). ...
In this chapter, we trace the historical and intellectual origins of system justification theory,... more In this chapter, we trace the historical and intellectual origins of system justification theory, summarise the basic assumptions of the theory, and derive 18 specific hypotheses from a system justification perspective. We review and integrate empirical evidence addressing these hypotheses concerning the rationalisation of the status quo, the internalisation of inequality (outgroup favouritism and depressed entitlement), relations among ego, group, and system just(fication motives (including consequences for attitudinal ambivalence, self-esteem, and psychological well-being), and the reduction of ideological dissonance. Turning to the question of why people would engage in system justification—especially when it conflicts with other interests and motives—we propose that system-justifying ideologies serve a palliative function in that they reduce anxiety, guilt, dissonance, discomfort, and uncertainty for those who are advantaged and disadvantaged. The primary excusatory function of ...
This study provides a comprehensive test of the distributive justice framework to explain justice... more This study provides a comprehensive test of the distributive justice framework to explain justice evaluations of the division of family work. Using data of 632 dual-earner couples with young children from 3 European countries, the analyses provided good support for the distributive justice framework. The frequency with which spouses compared each other's amounts of family work, the outcome of the comparison of the husband's family work with the family work performed by other men, and the extent to which the partner appreciated one's family work proved to be most predictive of justice evaluations. Notably, the evidence supports the model equally for women and men and for justice evaluations of the divisions of domestic work and child care. The division of family work between woman and man and its perceived justice are central issues in the reconciliation of family and professional work in dual-earner couples with children (Coltrane, 2000; Frone, 2003). Shelton and John (1996, p. 300) defined family work as "unpaid work done to maintain
The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals... more The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals, and impacts the initiation, structure, and function of all organs. Maize leaves comprise a proximal sheath that encloses the stem, and a distal photosynthetic blade that projects away from the plant axis. An epidermally-derived ligule and a joint-like auricle develop at the blade/sheath boundary of maize leaves. Mutations disturbing the ligule/auricle region disrupt leaf patterning and impact plant architecture, yet it is unclear how this developmental boundary is established. Targeted microdissection followed by transcriptomic analyses of young leaf primordia were utilized to construct a co-expression network associated with development of the blade/sheath boundary. Evidence is presented for proximodistal gradients of gene expression that establish a pre-patterned transcriptomic boundary in young leaf primordia, before the morphological initiation of the blade/sheath boundary in older leaves. This work presents a conceptual model for spatiotemporal patterning of proximodistal leaf domains, and provides a rich resource of candidate gene interactions for future investigations of the mechanisms of blade/sheath boundary formation in maize.
The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals... more The formation of developmental boundaries is a common feature of multicellular plants and animals, and impacts the initiation, structure, and function of all organs. Maize leaves comprise a proximal sheath that encloses the stem, and a distal photosynthetic blade that projects away from the plant axis. An epidermally-derived ligule and a joint-like auricle develop at the blade/sheath boundary of maize leaves. Mutations disturbing the ligule/auricle region disrupt leaf patterning and impact plant architecture, yet it is unclear how this developmental boundary is established. Targeted microdissection followed by transcriptomic analyses of young leaf primordia were utilized to construct a co-expression network associated with development of the blade/sheath boundary. Evidence is presented for proximodistal gradients of gene expression that establish a pre-patterned transcriptomic boundary in young leaf primordia, before the morphological initiation of the blade/sheath boundary in older leaves. This work presents a conceptual model for spatiotemporal patterning of proximodistal leaf domains, and provides a rich resource of candidate gene interactions for future investigations of the mechanisms of blade/sheath boundary formation in maize.
... perspective Esther S. Kluwer Utrecht University, The Netherlands Gerold Mikula University of ... more ... perspective Esther S. Kluwer Utrecht University, The Netherlands Gerold Mikula University of Graz, Austria ... This type of social comparison with the spouse is referred to as relational comparison (Buunk & VanYperen, 1991; Hatfield, Traupmann, Sprecher, Utne, & Hay, 1985). ...
In this chapter, we trace the historical and intellectual origins of system justification theory,... more In this chapter, we trace the historical and intellectual origins of system justification theory, summarise the basic assumptions of the theory, and derive 18 specific hypotheses from a system justification perspective. We review and integrate empirical evidence addressing these hypotheses concerning the rationalisation of the status quo, the internalisation of inequality (outgroup favouritism and depressed entitlement), relations among ego, group, and system just(fication motives (including consequences for attitudinal ambivalence, self-esteem, and psychological well-being), and the reduction of ideological dissonance. Turning to the question of why people would engage in system justification—especially when it conflicts with other interests and motives—we propose that system-justifying ideologies serve a palliative function in that they reduce anxiety, guilt, dissonance, discomfort, and uncertainty for those who are advantaged and disadvantaged. The primary excusatory function of ...
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