The paper presents a method for gradual automation of ship manoeuvring, focusing on ships already... more The paper presents a method for gradual automation of ship manoeuvring, focusing on ships already in service. The approach involves the expert knowledge of both nautical officers and ship engineers to optimise the operational behaviour and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Detailed models of dynamic ship motion and engine processes form the basis of various software tools to assist the manual planning and execution of effective voyages. The results of a study in ship handling simulator show that the manual manoeuvring efficiency of experienced nautical officers has also been significantly increased by these assistance instruments. With regard to automatic shipping, the generated optimal plan is transferred to the automatic control system as a target trajectory. Based on a simplified motion model, the controller structure with feed-forward and feedback modules was developed to realise velocity, heading and track control. Results of controller application in simulator tests with and without wind disturbances are presented. In addition, the paper describes the development of necessary framework conditions for safety-critical areas for the application of automatically controlled manoeuvres in today's practice with the so-called nautical algorithms according to the research project GALILEOnautic 2.
Shipping contributes to air pollution, especially in coastal zones and harbour areas where a larg... more Shipping contributes to air pollution, especially in coastal zones and harbour areas where a large number of people are concentrated. The urgent need for ‘green’ ship manoeuvres with less (or even no) emissions arises from such concerns. While there is already a lot of support available for an energy-efficient mode of operation and reduced emissions when operating in open seas, there is comparably less support in this regard for ship operation in approaches to ports and when manoeuvring in harbour basins. In the latter case, the focus is mainly on safety and time-efficiency, while energy efficiency and emissions are rather ignored. Basic studies are on-going, focusing on providing support for alternative manoeuvring strategies with less fuel consumption and reduced emissions, generated by advanced assistance tools for planning, conducting and monitoring of manoeuvres. The analysis at hand is related to on-going research; it describes the basic associated concepts and introduces the ...
Shipping in concerns of eco-friendly and economical efficient operation can be achieved by many d... more Shipping in concerns of eco-friendly and economical efficient operation can be achieved by many different measures. Most of them are technological approaches, e.g. by changing engine control parameters, usage of different fuels, exhaust gas-treatment systems or internal measures to make the engine itself more efficient or eco-friendly. The lost part in this measures is, that there are still humans who are in charge of controlling the vessel and that they should be kept in the loop of efficiency. For numerous vessels, it is neither efficient nor economically reasonable to exchange or enhance the existing power generation or propulsion systems in order to improve efficiency or reduce emissions. Some internal measures even lead to a higher fuel consumption in order to reduce NOx-emissions.Therefore optimal operational procedures for handling ships and specifically the outcome of engine manoeuvres is a substantial source for eco-friendly ship operations. The German research project MEmB...
The paper presents a method for gradual automation of ship manoeuvring, focusing on ships already... more The paper presents a method for gradual automation of ship manoeuvring, focusing on ships already in service. The approach involves the expert knowledge of both nautical officers and ship engineers to optimise the operational behaviour and reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Detailed models of dynamic ship motion and engine processes form the basis of various software tools to assist the manual planning and execution of effective voyages. The results of a study in ship handling simulator show that the manual manoeuvring efficiency of experienced nautical officers has also been significantly increased by these assistance instruments. With regard to automatic shipping, the generated optimal plan is transferred to the automatic control system as a target trajectory. Based on a simplified motion model, the controller structure with feed-forward and feedback modules was developed to realise velocity, heading and track control. Results of controller application in simulator tests with and without wind disturbances are presented. In addition, the paper describes the development of necessary framework conditions for safety-critical areas for the application of automatically controlled manoeuvres in today's practice with the so-called nautical algorithms according to the research project GALILEOnautic 2.
Shipping contributes to air pollution, especially in coastal zones and harbour areas where a larg... more Shipping contributes to air pollution, especially in coastal zones and harbour areas where a large number of people are concentrated. The urgent need for ‘green’ ship manoeuvres with less (or even no) emissions arises from such concerns. While there is already a lot of support available for an energy-efficient mode of operation and reduced emissions when operating in open seas, there is comparably less support in this regard for ship operation in approaches to ports and when manoeuvring in harbour basins. In the latter case, the focus is mainly on safety and time-efficiency, while energy efficiency and emissions are rather ignored. Basic studies are on-going, focusing on providing support for alternative manoeuvring strategies with less fuel consumption and reduced emissions, generated by advanced assistance tools for planning, conducting and monitoring of manoeuvres. The analysis at hand is related to on-going research; it describes the basic associated concepts and introduces the ...
Shipping in concerns of eco-friendly and economical efficient operation can be achieved by many d... more Shipping in concerns of eco-friendly and economical efficient operation can be achieved by many different measures. Most of them are technological approaches, e.g. by changing engine control parameters, usage of different fuels, exhaust gas-treatment systems or internal measures to make the engine itself more efficient or eco-friendly. The lost part in this measures is, that there are still humans who are in charge of controlling the vessel and that they should be kept in the loop of efficiency. For numerous vessels, it is neither efficient nor economically reasonable to exchange or enhance the existing power generation or propulsion systems in order to improve efficiency or reduce emissions. Some internal measures even lead to a higher fuel consumption in order to reduce NOx-emissions.Therefore optimal operational procedures for handling ships and specifically the outcome of engine manoeuvres is a substantial source for eco-friendly ship operations. The German research project MEmB...
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Papers by Gerd Milbradt