The Palaeozoic of NW Anatolia between Istanbul and cide (Text-fig. 1) along the Black Sea coast i... more The Palaeozoic of NW Anatolia between Istanbul and cide (Text-fig. 1) along the Black Sea coast is incorporated in the "Istanbul Nappe" of Sengör et al. (1984) or "Istanbul unit" of okay (1989). The Palaeozoic formations in this unit are known as the "Palaeozoic of Istanbul" and considered a part of the eastern european
Abstract In Turkey Devonian rocks are exposed in the northwestern parts of the Pontides, in the T... more Abstract In Turkey Devonian rocks are exposed in the northwestern parts of the Pontides, in the Taurides and in the Border Folds. At the end of the Paleozoic the Pontides region was folded; the Taurides and Border Folds, however, remained undisturbed by orogenic events until Cretaceous time. In the Border Folds region Devonian sedimentation took place only in the northern part (Hazro region), whereas the southern part (Derik region) was probably not a sedimentation area. In the Taurus Belt, in the area around Tufanbeyli and Silifke, Devonian rocks are present in subtidal, intertidal, supratidal and restricted basinal facies. In the area around Antalya and Konya, the sedimentation realm of the Devonian rocks must have been divided by an uplifted continental area (named herein the Hadim-Sultandag Uplift) creating two different basins. Devonian and Carboniferous sediments of the southern basin have a restricted and/or closed basinal character (the parent basin of the Pamphylian basin sensu Dumont et al.). Devonian rocks of the northern basin are developed on the shallow shelf of an open marine environment. The many disconformities and unconformities observed in the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sequences should be interpreted as results of epeirogenic movements, caused by blockfaulting during the drift of the plate.
Late Permian fluvio-lacustrine successions of the Çakraz Formation in the Zonguldak Terrane betwe... more Late Permian fluvio-lacustrine successions of the Çakraz Formation in the Zonguldak Terrane between the regions of Akçakoca and Ereğli were investigated in order to describe the litho- and biostratigraphic properties and explain the depositional environment. The studied succession with black, dark-grey to greenish-grey shales, siltstones and limestones is named the Alaplı Member to distinguish it from the classical red clastic successions, which are tentatively named the Ereğli Member of the Çakraz Formation. The organic-rich black shales, mudstones and limestones of the Alaplı Member yielded palynological assemblages suggesting a Lopingian (Tatarian) age. The lack of any marine macro- or microfossils, the fine-grained character of the lithofacies with abundant plant material and the association of poorly sorted conglomerates in the middle part of the succession indicate possible deposition in a broad range of fluvial and lacustrine environments. Successions of similar age and depos...
Silurian rocks in the newly discovered Catak and Ovacık sections of the Zonguldak Terrane to the ... more Silurian rocks in the newly discovered Catak and Ovacık sections of the Zonguldak Terrane to the SE of Eflâni and Safranbolu-Karadere areas, respectively, were studied by means of graptolites. They are included in Fındıklı Formation, dominated by black siliceous argillites and lydites in the lower part, black argillites and sandy limestones in the middle part and shales with sandy limestone and limey siltstone in the upper part. From bottom to the top four intervals with graptolites belonging to Upper M. riccartonensis — M. belophorus, Upper Cyrt. rigidus — Cyrt. perneri and Cyrt. lundgreni Biozones, respectively, were recognized in the Catak section. In the Ovacık section, the identified graptolites belong to the L. convolutus, Upper Str. crispus-Sp. turriculatus, O. spiralis and Upper M. riccartonensis — M. belophorus Biozones. The available data indicate that the studies succession includes an interval from mid Aeronian to early Homerian. Another important implication of the new ...
Alternating dark grey to black thin-bedded limestones and yellowish-grey calcareous shales in a r... more Alternating dark grey to black thin-bedded limestones and yellowish-grey calcareous shales in a recently discovered section in Izmit (Derince), eastern Kocaeli Peninsula, yielded graptolites of the middle part of the Wenlock – Cyrtograptus lundgreni Zone and possibly Upper Cy. rigidus-Cy. perneri Zone. This is the first record of graptolitic shale facies rocks in the Kocaeli Peninsula. The succession described is more akin to the Silurian of the Zonguldak Terrane than the shallow-marine carbonate facies of the Istanbul Terrane. It is therefore suggested that the contact between the Istanbul and Zonguldak terranes should be located to the west of Izmit (Derince).
The Palaeozoic of NW Anatolia between Istanbul and cide (Text-fig. 1) along the Black Sea coast i... more The Palaeozoic of NW Anatolia between Istanbul and cide (Text-fig. 1) along the Black Sea coast is incorporated in the "Istanbul Nappe" of Sengör et al. (1984) or "Istanbul unit" of okay (1989). The Palaeozoic formations in this unit are known as the "Palaeozoic of Istanbul" and considered a part of the eastern european
Abstract In Turkey Devonian rocks are exposed in the northwestern parts of the Pontides, in the T... more Abstract In Turkey Devonian rocks are exposed in the northwestern parts of the Pontides, in the Taurides and in the Border Folds. At the end of the Paleozoic the Pontides region was folded; the Taurides and Border Folds, however, remained undisturbed by orogenic events until Cretaceous time. In the Border Folds region Devonian sedimentation took place only in the northern part (Hazro region), whereas the southern part (Derik region) was probably not a sedimentation area. In the Taurus Belt, in the area around Tufanbeyli and Silifke, Devonian rocks are present in subtidal, intertidal, supratidal and restricted basinal facies. In the area around Antalya and Konya, the sedimentation realm of the Devonian rocks must have been divided by an uplifted continental area (named herein the Hadim-Sultandag Uplift) creating two different basins. Devonian and Carboniferous sediments of the southern basin have a restricted and/or closed basinal character (the parent basin of the Pamphylian basin sensu Dumont et al.). Devonian rocks of the northern basin are developed on the shallow shelf of an open marine environment. The many disconformities and unconformities observed in the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic sequences should be interpreted as results of epeirogenic movements, caused by blockfaulting during the drift of the plate.
Late Permian fluvio-lacustrine successions of the Çakraz Formation in the Zonguldak Terrane betwe... more Late Permian fluvio-lacustrine successions of the Çakraz Formation in the Zonguldak Terrane between the regions of Akçakoca and Ereğli were investigated in order to describe the litho- and biostratigraphic properties and explain the depositional environment. The studied succession with black, dark-grey to greenish-grey shales, siltstones and limestones is named the Alaplı Member to distinguish it from the classical red clastic successions, which are tentatively named the Ereğli Member of the Çakraz Formation. The organic-rich black shales, mudstones and limestones of the Alaplı Member yielded palynological assemblages suggesting a Lopingian (Tatarian) age. The lack of any marine macro- or microfossils, the fine-grained character of the lithofacies with abundant plant material and the association of poorly sorted conglomerates in the middle part of the succession indicate possible deposition in a broad range of fluvial and lacustrine environments. Successions of similar age and depos...
Silurian rocks in the newly discovered Catak and Ovacık sections of the Zonguldak Terrane to the ... more Silurian rocks in the newly discovered Catak and Ovacık sections of the Zonguldak Terrane to the SE of Eflâni and Safranbolu-Karadere areas, respectively, were studied by means of graptolites. They are included in Fındıklı Formation, dominated by black siliceous argillites and lydites in the lower part, black argillites and sandy limestones in the middle part and shales with sandy limestone and limey siltstone in the upper part. From bottom to the top four intervals with graptolites belonging to Upper M. riccartonensis — M. belophorus, Upper Cyrt. rigidus — Cyrt. perneri and Cyrt. lundgreni Biozones, respectively, were recognized in the Catak section. In the Ovacık section, the identified graptolites belong to the L. convolutus, Upper Str. crispus-Sp. turriculatus, O. spiralis and Upper M. riccartonensis — M. belophorus Biozones. The available data indicate that the studies succession includes an interval from mid Aeronian to early Homerian. Another important implication of the new ...
Alternating dark grey to black thin-bedded limestones and yellowish-grey calcareous shales in a r... more Alternating dark grey to black thin-bedded limestones and yellowish-grey calcareous shales in a recently discovered section in Izmit (Derince), eastern Kocaeli Peninsula, yielded graptolites of the middle part of the Wenlock – Cyrtograptus lundgreni Zone and possibly Upper Cy. rigidus-Cy. perneri Zone. This is the first record of graptolitic shale facies rocks in the Kocaeli Peninsula. The succession described is more akin to the Silurian of the Zonguldak Terrane than the shallow-marine carbonate facies of the Istanbul Terrane. It is therefore suggested that the contact between the Istanbul and Zonguldak terranes should be located to the west of Izmit (Derince).
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