American journal of scientific and industrial research, Aug 1, 2011
The corrosion rate of mild steel in HCL and H 2 SO 4 solution media in the presence of grape frui... more The corrosion rate of mild steel in HCL and H 2 SO 4 solution media in the presence of grape fruit juice at normal temperature was studied using the weight loss technique. The concentration of the grape fruit juice were varied as 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0% and 5.0% weight of each acidic medium and their effects were carefully studied on the corrosion rate of mild steel. In blank HCL and H 2 SO 4 the corrosion rates were 0.694x10 7 g/cm 2 /sec and 4.782x10 7 g/cm 2 /sec respectively. As the grape juice concentration increases in both acidic media the corrosion rate decreases. The rate of the corrosion decreased from the (0.6494 to 0.482 finally to 0.378)x10 7 g/cm 2 /sec with the addition of 1.0%, 2.0%, and 5% of juice concentration to the HCL respectively. Also in H2SO4 acidic medium, the corrosion rate decreased from (4.782 to 2.642 finally to 1.157)x10 7 g/cm 2 /sec with the addition of 1.0%, 2.0%, and 5% of Grape fruit juice concentration respectively.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2020
It is important to monitor the rolled strip thickness standard to minimize material waste and los... more It is important to monitor the rolled strip thickness standard to minimize material waste and loss of profit due to strip flatness defects, and also to maintain the product’s size and dimensional homogeneity. Several online measurement techniques are available but none of this can give an in situ measurement within the roll bite. Due to this, a novice experimental method utilizing ultrasonic reflection sensor mounted on one roll was developed for in situ measurement of strip thickness and roll-bite length during cold rolling process. A pitch–catch method was used whereby a piezoelectric element generated an ultrasonic pulse and transmitted to the contact interface evaluated on a pilot mill. The reflected signal was captured by a second piezoelectric element and analysed to determine the condition at the strip–roll interface. This approach was implemented on a pilot mill and reflections from various locations in the roll bite during the rolling were recorded. Recorded signals were us...
European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, Apr 29, 2022
In the recent time, the development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such... more In the recent time, the development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such as agricultural waste and industrial waste has been one of the major innovations in the area of material science. Aluminium scraps were used as raw material and reinforced with locally available inexpensive cow horn particulate (CHp) of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight to develop a new material in the present study. The microstructure view was studied using optical microscope for analysing the distribution of CHp. The tensile and compressive strengths were studied for the reinforced CHp aluminium alloy. The results revealed that the tensile and compressive strengths values increase as the CHp increases and falls when the weight proportion reaches 12% due to poor wettability. Increment of 10.1%, 19.2%, 29.4% and 8.7% in tensile strength and 13.3%, 31.2%, 43.2% and 12.7% in the compressive strength were recorded for addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% CHp reinforcement, respectively. The microstructure examination shows that the control sample contained fine, packed and shining grained structure while the CHp reinforced aluminium alloy contained less packed, dull with some inclusion grained structure. The inclusion and dull surface of the grains was observed increases as the percentages of the cow horn particles added increased. The spectrographic analysis conducted to determine the chemical compositions of all the specimens, showed various elements present in control sample and CHp reinforced aluminium alloy. Aluminium is in the range 91.3-93.0%, followed by silicon with 4.36-5.01%, other elements present include iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, chromium, nickel, zinc, titanium, lead, and others.
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2018
This paper reports the effects of local cooling media (groundnut oil, palm oil, shea butter and a... more This paper reports the effects of local cooling media (groundnut oil, palm oil, shea butter and air) on the mechanical properties of heat treated mild steel. Tensile test, hardness test and microstructural analysis were carried out on the heat treated and as-purchased specimens. The results show significant differences in the mechanical properties of the heat treated specimens. The hardness profile showed higher values for palm oil-cooled, shea butter-cooled, and the groundnut oil-cooled specimens in an increasing of order respectively when compared with as-purchased specimen with 194.9 VHN, while a decrease in hardness was recorded for the air-cooled specimen. Furthermore, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the heat treated specimens obtained through the tensile test analysis showed an increase in yield strength for the groundnut oil-cooled (464.4 MPa) and the shea butter-cooled (412.9 MPa) specimens, and a decrease in yield strength for the air-cooled (358.3 MPa) ...
The effect of the mould’s temperature variation on compressive and fatigue properties of a cast A... more The effect of the mould’s temperature variation on compressive and fatigue properties of a cast Aluminum alloy is explored. The mould pre-heat from the range of 30 o C to 200 o C that controlled with the aid of the electric oven and the temperature of the mould monitored with the bimetallic galvanometer. The fatigue and compressive properties of the cast Aluminum alloy were experimentally investigated and presented. The results show that the increase in mould temperature was found to increase the true compressive strain and number of cycles to failure (a measure fatigue life). However, stress compressive strength and fatigue limit of the specimen were found decrease with increase in mould temperature. These variation shows that the mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy can be controlled to suit particular application by varying the sand mould temperature.
This paper presents the influence of glass particle addition in the 0 to 40% range on the mechani... more This paper presents the influence of glass particle addition in the 0 to 40% range on the mechanical properties of aluminum-base particulate composites. Increase in the composition of glass particles in aluminum matrix from 0 to 20, and 40% caused the percentage elongation at fracture of specimen to decrease from 10.4 to 8.9, and 7.4, respectively; this could be attributed to the improved internal stress, due to the particulate reinforcement, having adverse effect on the ductility of the specimen. Within the same glass particle compositional range, ultimate tensile strength increased from 82.7 MN/m 2 to 91.5 MN/m 2 , and 111.8 MN/m 2 , respectively while ultimate compressive strength correspondingly increased from 102.3 MN/m 2 to
Metal rolling is by friction which develops at metal-to-roll interfaces during the rolling proces... more Metal rolling is by friction which develops at metal-to-roll interfaces during the rolling process. But, friction at the metal-to-roll interface during the metal rolling process can cause roll surface damage if not controlled. Over time, friction results in downtime and repair of the mill. Therefore, lubrication is essential to control the metal-to-roll interface coefficient of friction. It is important to understand the conditions at the metal-to-roll interface to minimize energy loss and improve the strip surface finish. In this work, a new method for measurement of metal-to-roll interface conditions, based on the reflection of ultrasound, is evaluated during the cold metal rolling operation. The method is a pitch-catch sensor layout arrangement. Here, a piezoelectric element generates an ultrasonic pulse which is transmitted to the metal-to-roll contact interface. This method is non-invasive to both roll and strip during the process. The wave reflection from the metal-to-roll int...
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2018
This paper reports the influence of solidification rate and stress-relief annealing on the mechan... more This paper reports the influence of solidification rate and stress-relief annealing on the mechanical properties of cast 6063 Aluminium alloy (Al6063). Ingots of Al6063 were melted and then cast using sand and metal moulds. Some of the cast samples were heat treated and then cooled in natural air. Tensile test, hardness test, impact test and microstructural analysis were carried out on the samples. The results show substantial changes in the mechanical properties of the specimens. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and hardness percentage elongation of cast Al6063 increases with the use of casting method with high thermal conductivity and reduces when annealing is carried out on the specimens. The ultimate tensile strength of 146.7 MPa and 163.5 MPa were recorded for sand mould and metal mould samples, respectively and the values decreases by 10.3% and 7.5% for the respective moulds. In contrast, the values of impact strength and percentage elongation of cast Al6063 rod i...
Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2019
It is important to monitor the roll bite interface during metal rolling to maintain the product s... more It is important to monitor the roll bite interface during metal rolling to maintain the product size and homogeneity so as to minimize the material wastage. However, the harsh nature of cold rolling makes installation of sensors in metal roll for industrial applications difficult. The present study used a novel ultrasonic measurement technique whereby an ultrasonic signal went through an external sensor layout arrangement to study the metal-roll interface. The reflection coefficient obtained from the roll-strip interface at 0 o to the roll surface (normal ultrasonic measurement technique) and 19 o (oblique ultrasonic measurement technique) were modelled and experimentally investigated on an instrumented pilot metal rolling mill. Variances of 6.4% and 8.8% were obtained in the reflection coefficient of the techniques from experimental and modelling approaches, respectively. This study showed the ability to use the normal and oblique ultrasonic reflections to study the effect of the angle of incidence wave on the reflection coefficient, and the reflection coefficient obtained from the metal-roll interface is only minimally affected by the incident angle not greater than 19 0 .
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019
In this study, asbestos-free brake lining was developed with sawdust. Sawdust was considered an a... more In this study, asbestos-free brake lining was developed with sawdust. Sawdust was considered an alternative to asbestos, whose dust is carcinogenic. The sawdust from hard wood (mahogany and iroko trees) and other components such as abrasive, reinforcer, lubricant, were sieved into grade of 100 µm and used in production of brake linings. The percentages of sawdust for the samples are 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60. The percentages of abrasives (silicon carbides) were 27, 22, 17, 12 and 7, while binder (resins) lubricant (steel dust) and carbon black (reinforcer) were constant at 13%, 15% and 5% respectively on each sample. The molding pressure load was varied at 10 Mg, 20 Mg, 40 Mg, 60 Mg and 80 Mg during compression process. The brake lining properties examined are hardness, compressive strength and density. Also, the effects of molding pressure on these properties were evaluated. The results obtained show that the higher the molding pressure, the better the physical and mechanical properti...
American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2013
The study on corrosion rate of welded mild steel rods in two corrosive media (water and cassava w... more The study on corrosion rate of welded mild steel rods in two corrosive media (water and cassava water) with the effect of local coolants (palm oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil, water and air) on the weldments has been studied. The results showed the trend of corrosion rates of mild steel in weldments in water and cassava water. Though, weight loss of specimens was constant in the corrosive media, this was due to the fact that weight loss increases with increase in immersion time, and corrosion rate does not follow the same trend due to concentration of stagnant ions blocking the creation of more ions and thus reducing Fe 2+ activities in the media. Specimen cooled by air has the least corrosion rate in table water (0.31mm/yr), then cassava water (0.46mm/yr). Air cooling causes downtime in production and it is not recommended. The corrosion rate of specimen cooled by water is highest out of all four selected media; cassava water (2.00mm/yr), table water (1.08mm/yr), hence, water-quenching is not recommended in table water and cassava water. Groundnut oil-quenched specimen had relatively higher corrosion rate in table water (0.92mm/yr) and cassava water (1.07mm/yr); it is not recommended in table water and cassava water media. Palm oil-quenched specimen had the relatively least corrosion rate in table water and cassava water and can be recommended in water and cassava water media. Coconut oil-quenched specimen had the highest corrosion rate in table water and cassava water hence it cannot be recommended in any media.
... Mould Preheat Temperatures and Shake-Out Times on the Tensile, Impact and Hardness Properties... more ... Mould Preheat Temperatures and Shake-Out Times on the Tensile, Impact and Hardness Properties of Cast Aluminium Alloy GJ Adeyemi. ... a wide variety of products or components ranging from domestic to space vehicles are produced through foundry technique (George, 1961 ...
American journal of scientific and industrial research, Aug 1, 2011
The corrosion rate of mild steel in HCL and H 2 SO 4 solution media in the presence of grape frui... more The corrosion rate of mild steel in HCL and H 2 SO 4 solution media in the presence of grape fruit juice at normal temperature was studied using the weight loss technique. The concentration of the grape fruit juice were varied as 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0% and 5.0% weight of each acidic medium and their effects were carefully studied on the corrosion rate of mild steel. In blank HCL and H 2 SO 4 the corrosion rates were 0.694x10 7 g/cm 2 /sec and 4.782x10 7 g/cm 2 /sec respectively. As the grape juice concentration increases in both acidic media the corrosion rate decreases. The rate of the corrosion decreased from the (0.6494 to 0.482 finally to 0.378)x10 7 g/cm 2 /sec with the addition of 1.0%, 2.0%, and 5% of juice concentration to the HCL respectively. Also in H2SO4 acidic medium, the corrosion rate decreased from (4.782 to 2.642 finally to 1.157)x10 7 g/cm 2 /sec with the addition of 1.0%, 2.0%, and 5% of Grape fruit juice concentration respectively.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2020
It is important to monitor the rolled strip thickness standard to minimize material waste and los... more It is important to monitor the rolled strip thickness standard to minimize material waste and loss of profit due to strip flatness defects, and also to maintain the product’s size and dimensional homogeneity. Several online measurement techniques are available but none of this can give an in situ measurement within the roll bite. Due to this, a novice experimental method utilizing ultrasonic reflection sensor mounted on one roll was developed for in situ measurement of strip thickness and roll-bite length during cold rolling process. A pitch–catch method was used whereby a piezoelectric element generated an ultrasonic pulse and transmitted to the contact interface evaluated on a pilot mill. The reflected signal was captured by a second piezoelectric element and analysed to determine the condition at the strip–roll interface. This approach was implemented on a pilot mill and reflections from various locations in the roll bite during the rolling were recorded. Recorded signals were us...
European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research, Apr 29, 2022
In the recent time, the development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such... more In the recent time, the development of low cost metal alloys reinforced with waste materials such as agricultural waste and industrial waste has been one of the major innovations in the area of material science. Aluminium scraps were used as raw material and reinforced with locally available inexpensive cow horn particulate (CHp) of 3, 6, 9 and 12% by weight to develop a new material in the present study. The microstructure view was studied using optical microscope for analysing the distribution of CHp. The tensile and compressive strengths were studied for the reinforced CHp aluminium alloy. The results revealed that the tensile and compressive strengths values increase as the CHp increases and falls when the weight proportion reaches 12% due to poor wettability. Increment of 10.1%, 19.2%, 29.4% and 8.7% in tensile strength and 13.3%, 31.2%, 43.2% and 12.7% in the compressive strength were recorded for addition of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% CHp reinforcement, respectively. The microstructure examination shows that the control sample contained fine, packed and shining grained structure while the CHp reinforced aluminium alloy contained less packed, dull with some inclusion grained structure. The inclusion and dull surface of the grains was observed increases as the percentages of the cow horn particles added increased. The spectrographic analysis conducted to determine the chemical compositions of all the specimens, showed various elements present in control sample and CHp reinforced aluminium alloy. Aluminium is in the range 91.3-93.0%, followed by silicon with 4.36-5.01%, other elements present include iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, chromium, nickel, zinc, titanium, lead, and others.
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2018
This paper reports the effects of local cooling media (groundnut oil, palm oil, shea butter and a... more This paper reports the effects of local cooling media (groundnut oil, palm oil, shea butter and air) on the mechanical properties of heat treated mild steel. Tensile test, hardness test and microstructural analysis were carried out on the heat treated and as-purchased specimens. The results show significant differences in the mechanical properties of the heat treated specimens. The hardness profile showed higher values for palm oil-cooled, shea butter-cooled, and the groundnut oil-cooled specimens in an increasing of order respectively when compared with as-purchased specimen with 194.9 VHN, while a decrease in hardness was recorded for the air-cooled specimen. Furthermore, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the heat treated specimens obtained through the tensile test analysis showed an increase in yield strength for the groundnut oil-cooled (464.4 MPa) and the shea butter-cooled (412.9 MPa) specimens, and a decrease in yield strength for the air-cooled (358.3 MPa) ...
The effect of the mould’s temperature variation on compressive and fatigue properties of a cast A... more The effect of the mould’s temperature variation on compressive and fatigue properties of a cast Aluminum alloy is explored. The mould pre-heat from the range of 30 o C to 200 o C that controlled with the aid of the electric oven and the temperature of the mould monitored with the bimetallic galvanometer. The fatigue and compressive properties of the cast Aluminum alloy were experimentally investigated and presented. The results show that the increase in mould temperature was found to increase the true compressive strain and number of cycles to failure (a measure fatigue life). However, stress compressive strength and fatigue limit of the specimen were found decrease with increase in mould temperature. These variation shows that the mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloy can be controlled to suit particular application by varying the sand mould temperature.
This paper presents the influence of glass particle addition in the 0 to 40% range on the mechani... more This paper presents the influence of glass particle addition in the 0 to 40% range on the mechanical properties of aluminum-base particulate composites. Increase in the composition of glass particles in aluminum matrix from 0 to 20, and 40% caused the percentage elongation at fracture of specimen to decrease from 10.4 to 8.9, and 7.4, respectively; this could be attributed to the improved internal stress, due to the particulate reinforcement, having adverse effect on the ductility of the specimen. Within the same glass particle compositional range, ultimate tensile strength increased from 82.7 MN/m 2 to 91.5 MN/m 2 , and 111.8 MN/m 2 , respectively while ultimate compressive strength correspondingly increased from 102.3 MN/m 2 to
Metal rolling is by friction which develops at metal-to-roll interfaces during the rolling proces... more Metal rolling is by friction which develops at metal-to-roll interfaces during the rolling process. But, friction at the metal-to-roll interface during the metal rolling process can cause roll surface damage if not controlled. Over time, friction results in downtime and repair of the mill. Therefore, lubrication is essential to control the metal-to-roll interface coefficient of friction. It is important to understand the conditions at the metal-to-roll interface to minimize energy loss and improve the strip surface finish. In this work, a new method for measurement of metal-to-roll interface conditions, based on the reflection of ultrasound, is evaluated during the cold metal rolling operation. The method is a pitch-catch sensor layout arrangement. Here, a piezoelectric element generates an ultrasonic pulse which is transmitted to the metal-to-roll contact interface. This method is non-invasive to both roll and strip during the process. The wave reflection from the metal-to-roll int...
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2018
This paper reports the influence of solidification rate and stress-relief annealing on the mechan... more This paper reports the influence of solidification rate and stress-relief annealing on the mechanical properties of cast 6063 Aluminium alloy (Al6063). Ingots of Al6063 were melted and then cast using sand and metal moulds. Some of the cast samples were heat treated and then cooled in natural air. Tensile test, hardness test, impact test and microstructural analysis were carried out on the samples. The results show substantial changes in the mechanical properties of the specimens. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and hardness percentage elongation of cast Al6063 increases with the use of casting method with high thermal conductivity and reduces when annealing is carried out on the specimens. The ultimate tensile strength of 146.7 MPa and 163.5 MPa were recorded for sand mould and metal mould samples, respectively and the values decreases by 10.3% and 7.5% for the respective moulds. In contrast, the values of impact strength and percentage elongation of cast Al6063 rod i...
Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces, 2019
It is important to monitor the roll bite interface during metal rolling to maintain the product s... more It is important to monitor the roll bite interface during metal rolling to maintain the product size and homogeneity so as to minimize the material wastage. However, the harsh nature of cold rolling makes installation of sensors in metal roll for industrial applications difficult. The present study used a novel ultrasonic measurement technique whereby an ultrasonic signal went through an external sensor layout arrangement to study the metal-roll interface. The reflection coefficient obtained from the roll-strip interface at 0 o to the roll surface (normal ultrasonic measurement technique) and 19 o (oblique ultrasonic measurement technique) were modelled and experimentally investigated on an instrumented pilot metal rolling mill. Variances of 6.4% and 8.8% were obtained in the reflection coefficient of the techniques from experimental and modelling approaches, respectively. This study showed the ability to use the normal and oblique ultrasonic reflections to study the effect of the angle of incidence wave on the reflection coefficient, and the reflection coefficient obtained from the metal-roll interface is only minimally affected by the incident angle not greater than 19 0 .
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, 2019
In this study, asbestos-free brake lining was developed with sawdust. Sawdust was considered an a... more In this study, asbestos-free brake lining was developed with sawdust. Sawdust was considered an alternative to asbestos, whose dust is carcinogenic. The sawdust from hard wood (mahogany and iroko trees) and other components such as abrasive, reinforcer, lubricant, were sieved into grade of 100 µm and used in production of brake linings. The percentages of sawdust for the samples are 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60. The percentages of abrasives (silicon carbides) were 27, 22, 17, 12 and 7, while binder (resins) lubricant (steel dust) and carbon black (reinforcer) were constant at 13%, 15% and 5% respectively on each sample. The molding pressure load was varied at 10 Mg, 20 Mg, 40 Mg, 60 Mg and 80 Mg during compression process. The brake lining properties examined are hardness, compressive strength and density. Also, the effects of molding pressure on these properties were evaluated. The results obtained show that the higher the molding pressure, the better the physical and mechanical properti...
American Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2013
The study on corrosion rate of welded mild steel rods in two corrosive media (water and cassava w... more The study on corrosion rate of welded mild steel rods in two corrosive media (water and cassava water) with the effect of local coolants (palm oil, coconut oil, groundnut oil, water and air) on the weldments has been studied. The results showed the trend of corrosion rates of mild steel in weldments in water and cassava water. Though, weight loss of specimens was constant in the corrosive media, this was due to the fact that weight loss increases with increase in immersion time, and corrosion rate does not follow the same trend due to concentration of stagnant ions blocking the creation of more ions and thus reducing Fe 2+ activities in the media. Specimen cooled by air has the least corrosion rate in table water (0.31mm/yr), then cassava water (0.46mm/yr). Air cooling causes downtime in production and it is not recommended. The corrosion rate of specimen cooled by water is highest out of all four selected media; cassava water (2.00mm/yr), table water (1.08mm/yr), hence, water-quenching is not recommended in table water and cassava water. Groundnut oil-quenched specimen had relatively higher corrosion rate in table water (0.92mm/yr) and cassava water (1.07mm/yr); it is not recommended in table water and cassava water media. Palm oil-quenched specimen had the relatively least corrosion rate in table water and cassava water and can be recommended in water and cassava water media. Coconut oil-quenched specimen had the highest corrosion rate in table water and cassava water hence it cannot be recommended in any media.
... Mould Preheat Temperatures and Shake-Out Times on the Tensile, Impact and Hardness Properties... more ... Mould Preheat Temperatures and Shake-Out Times on the Tensile, Impact and Hardness Properties of Cast Aluminium Alloy GJ Adeyemi. ... a wide variety of products or components ranging from domestic to space vehicles are produced through foundry technique (George, 1961 ...
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