The study aims to develop high drug-loaded (about 15% lipid matrix) curcumin solid lipid nanopart... more The study aims to develop high drug-loaded (about 15% lipid matrix) curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) for wound healing. CSLNs prepared by hot, high-pressure homogenization, without using organic solvents, were optimized using the Taguchi design followed by the central composite design. The optimized CSLNs exhibited a high assay/drug content (0.6% w/w), solubility (6 × 105 times), and EE (75%) with a particle size < 200 nm (PDI—0.143). The CSLNs were safe (in vitro and in vivo), photostable, autoclavable, stable up to one year at 30 °C and under refrigeration and exhibited a controlled release (zero-order; 5 days). XRD, FTIR, and DSC confirmed solubilization and entrapment of the curcumin within the SLNs. TEM and FESEM revealed a smooth and spherical shape. The CSLNs showed a significant antimicrobial effect (MIC of 64 µg/mL for planktonic cells; 512 µg/mL for biofilm formation; and 2 mg/mL for mature biofilm) against Staphylococcus aureus 9144, while free curcumin dispe...
Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
Purpose of review Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. De... more Purpose of review Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite decades of research, the ability of clinicians to accurately predict the onset of preeclampsia prior to the manifestation of symptoms has not significantly improved. In this review, we will examine the pathophysiology underlying preeclampsia and discuss the role of potential biomarkers for early prediction and diagnosis. In addition, we will explore imaging modalities in the detection of early myocardial and vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with preeclampsia. Recent findings Circulating angiogenic and antiangiogenic biomarkers have emerged as key factors in the pathophysiology of the condition. However, single serological biomarkers have limited sensitivity to accurately predict preeclampsia; thus, a combination of clinical information along with urine or blood biomarkers is needed. Summary The combined use of biomarker assays and new imaging modalities could enhance the predictive tools for this devastating disease and the development of cardiovascular sequelae. In the future, advances in proteomics, metabolomics, and other techniques may allow the identification of biomarkers with high enough predictive and prognostic information to be translated into clinical practice.
This paper takes a close look at the potential of ICT to improve input decisions by assisting wit... more This paper takes a close look at the potential of ICT to improve input decisions by assisting with the delivery of customized information about soil nutrient status (“health”). In South Asia, fertilizers are often overused or applied in inefficient proportions. Governments in India have invested heavily in soil testing, with the goal of distributing 140 million “Soil Health Cards” (SHCs) directly to farmers. Yet absent additional information, farmers may have difficulty acting on the information provided in SHCs.
Title of Thesis: A METHOD FOR INTEGRATING MULTIREGION FLEXIBLE-ROUTE BUS SERVICES Garima Sharma, ... more Title of Thesis: A METHOD FOR INTEGRATING MULTIREGION FLEXIBLE-ROUTE BUS SERVICES Garima Sharma, Master of Science 2018 University of Maryland E – mail: [email protected] Thesis directed by: Professor Paul Schonfeld Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College Park, MD 20742 E – mail: [email protected] A flexible route bus system, serving an area and providing pick-up and drop-off at the users’ doorsteps may be more effective than a conventional bus system in areas with relatively low demand density. Thus, it may reduce the cost per trip and avoid the time and cost to users of accessing bus stops. However, depending on the demand density and circuity of routes, passengers might experience longer travel times and longer wait times. The objective of the thesis is to combine individual many-to-one flexible route services operating in multiple regions, which serve both internal and external demand, and optimize them into an integrated flexible route bus service that of...
2019 8th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW)
This paper proposes a database for group level emotion recognition in videos. The motivation is c... more This paper proposes a database for group level emotion recognition in videos. The motivation is coming from the large number of information which the users are sharing online. This gives us the opportunity to use this perceived affect for various tasks. Most of the work in this area has been restricted to controlled environments. In this paper, we explore the group level emotion and cohesion in a real-world environment. There are several challenges involved in moving from a controlled environment to real-world scenarios such as face tracking limitations, illumination variations, occlusion and type of gatherings. As an attempt to address these challenges, we propose a ‘Video level Group AFfect (VGAF), database containing 1,004 videos downloaded from the web. The collected videos have a large variations in terms of gender, ethnicity, the type of social event, number of people, pose, etc. We have labelled our database for group level emotion and cohesion tasks and proposed a baseline based on the Inception V3 network on the database.
2021 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence)
Diamond is one of the expensive gemstones on the planet that occurs naturally in the form of mine... more Diamond is one of the expensive gemstones on the planet that occurs naturally in the form of minerals made of carbons. Precious stones like diamonds are always high in demand due to their monetary rewards. The price of such stones varies according to their features. Given this, we carried out a comparative analysis and implementation of various supervised models in predicting the price of the diamond. In our work, we evaluated eight different supervised models like linear regression, lasso regression, ridge regression, decision tree, random forest, ElasticNet, AdaBoost Regressor, and Gradient-Boosting Regressor and showcases the best suitable model with the more accurate result of all. This paper aims from data preprocessing, finding a correlation between the dataset attributes, training the above-given models, testing their accuracy, analyzing their outcomes, and in turn finding the best of them is the Random Forest Regression Model.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy. Although G... more Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy. Although GDM is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease it is unclear whether the associations between GDM prevalence and cardiometabolic risk factors differ between US- and foreign-born women and whether length of US residence influences these associations. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2016-2017 National Health Interview Survey among women currently living in the US who both reported ever being pregnant and responded to the survey question about GDM. Using generalized linear models with binomial distribution and logit link, we examined the prevalence of GDM by nativity status and length of US residence adjusting for potential confounders (Table). Results: Of 24,466 women, 14.3% were foreign-born. The crude prevalence of GDM was higher among foreign-born (9.0%) compared to US-born women (7.1%). Foreign-born women with ≥10 years of residence in the US had the ...
Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal
Nepal's decentralized forest governance has now included a new actor, i.e. REDD+ which is a m... more Nepal's decentralized forest governance has now included a new actor, i.e. REDD+ which is a mechanism based on market for mitigation of climate change through conservation of forest. This paper aims to shed lights on the REDD+ effect on community forestry governance, and local livelihood. For this various published articles and reports were reviewed and analyzed. Organizations like ICIMOD, FECOFUN and ANSAB are leading a pilot project in community forestry on measurement of carbon and equalizing benefit. The major objective of the REDD+ program is to reduce forest carbon emissions by providing financial incentives for developing countries. The impacts of the implication of the REDD+ is more questionable preceding its 10th anniversary. Special income generating activities and awareness programs have been implemented by the REDD+ pilot project targeting the poor, women, disadvantaged groups and indigenous people. While some study findings show the REDD+ gave priority to the carbon...
Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction
This paper introduces the Eighth Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) challenge. EmotiW is a ... more This paper introduces the Eighth Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) challenge. EmotiW is a benchmarking effort run as a grand challenge of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction 2020. It comprises of four tasks related to automatic human behavior analysis: a) driver gaze prediction; b) audiovisual group-level emotion recognition; c) engagement prediction in the wild; and d) physiological signal based emotion recognition. The motivation of EmotiW is to bring researchers in affective computing, computer vision, speech processing and machine learning to a common platform for evaluating techniques on a test data. We discuss the challenge protocols, databases and their associated baselines. CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies → Machine learning; Computer vision.
Advances in Data Science: Methodologies and Applications
Affective computing has been an active area of research for the past two decades. One of the majo... more Affective computing has been an active area of research for the past two decades. One of the major component of affective computing is automatic emotion recognition. This chapter gives a detailed overview of different emotion recognition techniques and the predominantly used signal modalities. The discussion starts with the different emotion representations and their limitations. Given that affective computing is a data-driven research area, a thorough comparison of standard emotion labelled databases is presented. Based on the source of the data, feature extraction and analysis techniques are presented for emotion recognition. Further, applications of automatic emotion recognition are discussed along with current and important issues such as privacy and fairness.
In this commentary on three articles from dozens of paradox theory scholars on paradox approaches... more In this commentary on three articles from dozens of paradox theory scholars on paradox approaches to examining the COVID-19 pandemic and how the COVID-19 pandemic informs paradox theory, the authors involved in coordinating the collection of three papers discuss the process of bringing together scholars from around the world to discuss the pandemic. Four other preeminent paradox theorists offer additional commentaries on the papers in this Collection.
International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Smart Communication 2019
Due to the rapid growth in the field of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), information and vehicle... more Due to the rapid growth in the field of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), information and vehicle safety are a must because of human life security on road. VANET is a piece of ad hoc network which is used in every vehicle to communicate inside the network with the help of different sensors and protocols. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the important applications of VANET. Road traffic injuries are increasing day by day. For better vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication, anumber of wireless sensors are required to improve safety in transportation. But mainly, all sensors are battery powered. Since sensor lifetime remains very limited by use of battery, this paper uses piezoelectric material for producing electrical energy. Vibrations are present around and inside all kinds of vehicles in the world. Extensive research has been done for converting these vibrations into useful energy sources to minimize the usage of batteries. Piezoelectric material (PZT) generates piezoelectricity; this piezoelectricity will become another weapon to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. The aim of this paper is to scrutinize the energy from vehicle engine because there is a continuous source of vibration in a vehicle. Many papers were evaluated and analyzed to study the current progress of power recovered. The results were obtained from vehicle engines from where we can scrutinize the vibrations to convert it into usable power to power wireless sensors. So, this paper experimentally analyzes the vehicle vibration produced by engines. And, maximum power produced by the SIMSCAPE model is 56.72 µw. This power can be used in vehicle sensors to make vehicle autonomous to enhance vehicle safety.
Presbyopia is the age-related loss of near-distance focusing ability. The aim of this study was t... more Presbyopia is the age-related loss of near-distance focusing ability. The aim of this study was to identify patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used in clinical trials and quality-of-life studies conducted in individuals with presbyopia and to assess their suitability for use in individuals with phakic presbyopia. Literature searches were performed in Medline and Embase up until October 2017. Specific search terms were used to identify presbyopia studies that included a PROM. All clinical trials with PROM-supported endpoints in presbyopia were identified on ClinicalTrials.gov. Further searches were conducted to retrieve articles documenting the development and psychometric evaluation of the PROMs identified. A total of 703 records were identified; 120 were selected for full-text review. Twenty-one clinical trials employed PROMs to support a primary or secondary endpoint. In total, 13 PROMs were identified; a further 23 publications pertaining to the development and validation ...
The use and misuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals contributes to the global emergence ... more The use and misuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals contributes to the global emergence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, a threat to public health and infection control. Currently, India is the world’s leading milk producer but antibiotic usage within the dairy sector is poorly regulated. Little data exists reflecting how antibiotics are used on dairy farms, especially on small-scale dairy farms in India. To address this lack of data, a study was carried out on 491 small-scale dairy farms in two Indian states, Assam and Haryana, using a mixed method approach where farmers were interviewed, farms inspected for the presence of antibiotics and milk samples taken to determine antibiotic usage. Usage of antibiotics on farms appeared low only 10% (95% CI 8–13%) of farmers surveyed confirmed using antibiotics in their dairy herds during the last 12 months. Of the farms surveyed, only 8% (6–11%) had milk samples positive for antibiotic residues, namely from the novobiocin...
The study aims to develop high drug-loaded (about 15% lipid matrix) curcumin solid lipid nanopart... more The study aims to develop high drug-loaded (about 15% lipid matrix) curcumin solid lipid nanoparticles (CSLNs) for wound healing. CSLNs prepared by hot, high-pressure homogenization, without using organic solvents, were optimized using the Taguchi design followed by the central composite design. The optimized CSLNs exhibited a high assay/drug content (0.6% w/w), solubility (6 × 105 times), and EE (75%) with a particle size < 200 nm (PDI—0.143). The CSLNs were safe (in vitro and in vivo), photostable, autoclavable, stable up to one year at 30 °C and under refrigeration and exhibited a controlled release (zero-order; 5 days). XRD, FTIR, and DSC confirmed solubilization and entrapment of the curcumin within the SLNs. TEM and FESEM revealed a smooth and spherical shape. The CSLNs showed a significant antimicrobial effect (MIC of 64 µg/mL for planktonic cells; 512 µg/mL for biofilm formation; and 2 mg/mL for mature biofilm) against Staphylococcus aureus 9144, while free curcumin dispe...
Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
Purpose of review Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. De... more Purpose of review Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite decades of research, the ability of clinicians to accurately predict the onset of preeclampsia prior to the manifestation of symptoms has not significantly improved. In this review, we will examine the pathophysiology underlying preeclampsia and discuss the role of potential biomarkers for early prediction and diagnosis. In addition, we will explore imaging modalities in the detection of early myocardial and vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with preeclampsia. Recent findings Circulating angiogenic and antiangiogenic biomarkers have emerged as key factors in the pathophysiology of the condition. However, single serological biomarkers have limited sensitivity to accurately predict preeclampsia; thus, a combination of clinical information along with urine or blood biomarkers is needed. Summary The combined use of biomarker assays and new imaging modalities could enhance the predictive tools for this devastating disease and the development of cardiovascular sequelae. In the future, advances in proteomics, metabolomics, and other techniques may allow the identification of biomarkers with high enough predictive and prognostic information to be translated into clinical practice.
This paper takes a close look at the potential of ICT to improve input decisions by assisting wit... more This paper takes a close look at the potential of ICT to improve input decisions by assisting with the delivery of customized information about soil nutrient status (“health”). In South Asia, fertilizers are often overused or applied in inefficient proportions. Governments in India have invested heavily in soil testing, with the goal of distributing 140 million “Soil Health Cards” (SHCs) directly to farmers. Yet absent additional information, farmers may have difficulty acting on the information provided in SHCs.
Title of Thesis: A METHOD FOR INTEGRATING MULTIREGION FLEXIBLE-ROUTE BUS SERVICES Garima Sharma, ... more Title of Thesis: A METHOD FOR INTEGRATING MULTIREGION FLEXIBLE-ROUTE BUS SERVICES Garima Sharma, Master of Science 2018 University of Maryland E – mail: [email protected] Thesis directed by: Professor Paul Schonfeld Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College Park, MD 20742 E – mail: [email protected] A flexible route bus system, serving an area and providing pick-up and drop-off at the users’ doorsteps may be more effective than a conventional bus system in areas with relatively low demand density. Thus, it may reduce the cost per trip and avoid the time and cost to users of accessing bus stops. However, depending on the demand density and circuity of routes, passengers might experience longer travel times and longer wait times. The objective of the thesis is to combine individual many-to-one flexible route services operating in multiple regions, which serve both internal and external demand, and optimize them into an integrated flexible route bus service that of...
2019 8th International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW)
This paper proposes a database for group level emotion recognition in videos. The motivation is c... more This paper proposes a database for group level emotion recognition in videos. The motivation is coming from the large number of information which the users are sharing online. This gives us the opportunity to use this perceived affect for various tasks. Most of the work in this area has been restricted to controlled environments. In this paper, we explore the group level emotion and cohesion in a real-world environment. There are several challenges involved in moving from a controlled environment to real-world scenarios such as face tracking limitations, illumination variations, occlusion and type of gatherings. As an attempt to address these challenges, we propose a ‘Video level Group AFfect (VGAF), database containing 1,004 videos downloaded from the web. The collected videos have a large variations in terms of gender, ethnicity, the type of social event, number of people, pose, etc. We have labelled our database for group level emotion and cohesion tasks and proposed a baseline based on the Inception V3 network on the database.
2021 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence)
Diamond is one of the expensive gemstones on the planet that occurs naturally in the form of mine... more Diamond is one of the expensive gemstones on the planet that occurs naturally in the form of minerals made of carbons. Precious stones like diamonds are always high in demand due to their monetary rewards. The price of such stones varies according to their features. Given this, we carried out a comparative analysis and implementation of various supervised models in predicting the price of the diamond. In our work, we evaluated eight different supervised models like linear regression, lasso regression, ridge regression, decision tree, random forest, ElasticNet, AdaBoost Regressor, and Gradient-Boosting Regressor and showcases the best suitable model with the more accurate result of all. This paper aims from data preprocessing, finding a correlation between the dataset attributes, training the above-given models, testing their accuracy, analyzing their outcomes, and in turn finding the best of them is the Random Forest Regression Model.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy. Although G... more Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy. Although GDM is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease it is unclear whether the associations between GDM prevalence and cardiometabolic risk factors differ between US- and foreign-born women and whether length of US residence influences these associations. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the 2016-2017 National Health Interview Survey among women currently living in the US who both reported ever being pregnant and responded to the survey question about GDM. Using generalized linear models with binomial distribution and logit link, we examined the prevalence of GDM by nativity status and length of US residence adjusting for potential confounders (Table). Results: Of 24,466 women, 14.3% were foreign-born. The crude prevalence of GDM was higher among foreign-born (9.0%) compared to US-born women (7.1%). Foreign-born women with ≥10 years of residence in the US had the ...
Contemporary Research: An Interdisciplinary Academic Journal
Nepal's decentralized forest governance has now included a new actor, i.e. REDD+ which is a m... more Nepal's decentralized forest governance has now included a new actor, i.e. REDD+ which is a mechanism based on market for mitigation of climate change through conservation of forest. This paper aims to shed lights on the REDD+ effect on community forestry governance, and local livelihood. For this various published articles and reports were reviewed and analyzed. Organizations like ICIMOD, FECOFUN and ANSAB are leading a pilot project in community forestry on measurement of carbon and equalizing benefit. The major objective of the REDD+ program is to reduce forest carbon emissions by providing financial incentives for developing countries. The impacts of the implication of the REDD+ is more questionable preceding its 10th anniversary. Special income generating activities and awareness programs have been implemented by the REDD+ pilot project targeting the poor, women, disadvantaged groups and indigenous people. While some study findings show the REDD+ gave priority to the carbon...
Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction
This paper introduces the Eighth Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) challenge. EmotiW is a ... more This paper introduces the Eighth Emotion Recognition in the Wild (EmotiW) challenge. EmotiW is a benchmarking effort run as a grand challenge of the 22nd ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction 2020. It comprises of four tasks related to automatic human behavior analysis: a) driver gaze prediction; b) audiovisual group-level emotion recognition; c) engagement prediction in the wild; and d) physiological signal based emotion recognition. The motivation of EmotiW is to bring researchers in affective computing, computer vision, speech processing and machine learning to a common platform for evaluating techniques on a test data. We discuss the challenge protocols, databases and their associated baselines. CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies → Machine learning; Computer vision.
Advances in Data Science: Methodologies and Applications
Affective computing has been an active area of research for the past two decades. One of the majo... more Affective computing has been an active area of research for the past two decades. One of the major component of affective computing is automatic emotion recognition. This chapter gives a detailed overview of different emotion recognition techniques and the predominantly used signal modalities. The discussion starts with the different emotion representations and their limitations. Given that affective computing is a data-driven research area, a thorough comparison of standard emotion labelled databases is presented. Based on the source of the data, feature extraction and analysis techniques are presented for emotion recognition. Further, applications of automatic emotion recognition are discussed along with current and important issues such as privacy and fairness.
In this commentary on three articles from dozens of paradox theory scholars on paradox approaches... more In this commentary on three articles from dozens of paradox theory scholars on paradox approaches to examining the COVID-19 pandemic and how the COVID-19 pandemic informs paradox theory, the authors involved in coordinating the collection of three papers discuss the process of bringing together scholars from around the world to discuss the pandemic. Four other preeminent paradox theorists offer additional commentaries on the papers in this Collection.
International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Smart Communication 2019
Due to the rapid growth in the field of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), information and vehicle... more Due to the rapid growth in the field of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), information and vehicle safety are a must because of human life security on road. VANET is a piece of ad hoc network which is used in every vehicle to communicate inside the network with the help of different sensors and protocols. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is one of the important applications of VANET. Road traffic injuries are increasing day by day. For better vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to infrastructure communication, anumber of wireless sensors are required to improve safety in transportation. But mainly, all sensors are battery powered. Since sensor lifetime remains very limited by use of battery, this paper uses piezoelectric material for producing electrical energy. Vibrations are present around and inside all kinds of vehicles in the world. Extensive research has been done for converting these vibrations into useful energy sources to minimize the usage of batteries. Piezoelectric material (PZT) generates piezoelectricity; this piezoelectricity will become another weapon to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. The aim of this paper is to scrutinize the energy from vehicle engine because there is a continuous source of vibration in a vehicle. Many papers were evaluated and analyzed to study the current progress of power recovered. The results were obtained from vehicle engines from where we can scrutinize the vibrations to convert it into usable power to power wireless sensors. So, this paper experimentally analyzes the vehicle vibration produced by engines. And, maximum power produced by the SIMSCAPE model is 56.72 µw. This power can be used in vehicle sensors to make vehicle autonomous to enhance vehicle safety.
Presbyopia is the age-related loss of near-distance focusing ability. The aim of this study was t... more Presbyopia is the age-related loss of near-distance focusing ability. The aim of this study was to identify patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used in clinical trials and quality-of-life studies conducted in individuals with presbyopia and to assess their suitability for use in individuals with phakic presbyopia. Literature searches were performed in Medline and Embase up until October 2017. Specific search terms were used to identify presbyopia studies that included a PROM. All clinical trials with PROM-supported endpoints in presbyopia were identified on ClinicalTrials.gov. Further searches were conducted to retrieve articles documenting the development and psychometric evaluation of the PROMs identified. A total of 703 records were identified; 120 were selected for full-text review. Twenty-one clinical trials employed PROMs to support a primary or secondary endpoint. In total, 13 PROMs were identified; a further 23 publications pertaining to the development and validation ...
The use and misuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals contributes to the global emergence ... more The use and misuse of antibiotics in both humans and animals contributes to the global emergence of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, a threat to public health and infection control. Currently, India is the world’s leading milk producer but antibiotic usage within the dairy sector is poorly regulated. Little data exists reflecting how antibiotics are used on dairy farms, especially on small-scale dairy farms in India. To address this lack of data, a study was carried out on 491 small-scale dairy farms in two Indian states, Assam and Haryana, using a mixed method approach where farmers were interviewed, farms inspected for the presence of antibiotics and milk samples taken to determine antibiotic usage. Usage of antibiotics on farms appeared low only 10% (95% CI 8–13%) of farmers surveyed confirmed using antibiotics in their dairy herds during the last 12 months. Of the farms surveyed, only 8% (6–11%) had milk samples positive for antibiotic residues, namely from the novobiocin...
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Papers by Garima Sharma