Papers by GENERAL MARK A. MILLEY
American Journal of International Law
announced that the war in Afghanistan was over. 1 Before departing, U.S. forces evacuated roughly... more announced that the war in Afghanistan was over. 1 Before departing, U.S. forces evacuated roughly 120,000 people, including U.S. citizens, diplomats, local U.S. embassy staff, and Afghan interpreters, in a massive airlift effort, and Biden declared the mission an "extraordinary success." 2 However, questions arose about numerous aspects of the withdrawal, especially the speed of the Taliban takeover and an erroneous airstrike on August 29 that killed ten civilians, including seven children. 3 Congress and the executive branch launched investigations to understand these outcomes. The Biden administration is also working to resettle evacuated Afghans, while continuing to assist U.S. nationals and others in danger in Afghanistan with efforts to leave the country and attempting to deliver humanitarian aid, both of which require navigating relations with the Taliban. Congress has held numerous hearings to question executive branch officials about the rapid Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, and executive branch officials have admitted their surprise at the speed of the Afghan government's collapse. Secretary of Defense Lloyd J. Austin III told the Senate Armed Forces Committee that "[t]he fact that the Afghan army. .. simply melted away-in many cases without firing a shot" surprised Pentagon officials, 4 and he admitted that the U.S. military "did not fully comprehend" the impact on Afghan forces of corruption, poor leadership, and the Trump administration's 2020 Doha agreement for withdrawal of U.S. troops. 5 In remarks before the same committee, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Mark A. Milley agreed with Secretary Austin that "the speed, scale and scope of the collapse was a surprise." 6 Secretary of State Antony Blinken blamed faulty intelligence, telling the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, "Even the most pessimistic assessments did not predict that government forces in Kabul would collapse while U.S. forces remained." 7 Director of National Intelligence Avril D. Haines reiterated this point, acknowledging that events "unfolded more quickly than we anticipated, including in the intelligence community." 8
enriched with tradition and full of proud, confident war fighters, with the vast majority proven ... more enriched with tradition and full of proud, confident war fighters, with the vast majority proven in battle. As Soldiers and Airmen assigned to Fort Hood, we are committed to upholding the proud traditions of this command and the United States Armed Forces. This handbook identifies standards that apply to the way we conduct our professional and social lives, regardless of component or branch of service. Every service member on the installation is required to live by these standards. 2. III Corps and Fort Hood is home to a vast array of forces that are uniquely tailored to respond to any contingency mission the nation may call upon us to perform. As the United States premier mobile Corps, we must be prepared to deploy by land, sea, or air to conduct mobile-armed offensive and defensive operations worldwide. You will find your tour of duty in the Phantom Corps to be rewarding, fast paced, and challenging. 3. This handbook will familiarize you with the proud heritage of the Corps and co...
Bottom-up proteomics relies on identification of peptides from tandem mass spectra, usually via m... more Bottom-up proteomics relies on identification of peptides from tandem mass spectra, usually via matching against sequence databases. Confidence in a peptide−spectrum match can be characterized by a score value given by the database search engines, and it depends on the information content and the quality of the spectrum. The latter are influenced by experimental parameters, of which the collision energy is the most important one in the case of collision-induced dissociation. We examined how the identification score of the Byonic and Andromeda (MaxQuant) engines varies with collision energy for more than a thousand individual peptides from a HeLa tryptic digest on a QTof instrument. We thereby extended our earlier study on Mascot scores and corroborated its findings on the potential bimodal nature of this energy dependence. Optimal energies as a function of m/z show comparable linear trends for the three engines. On the basis of peptidelevel results, we designed methods with one or two liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) runs and various collision energy settings and assessed their practical performance in peptide and protein identification from the HeLa standard sample. A 10−40% gain in various measures, such as the number of identified proteins or sequence coverage, was obtained over the factory default settings. Best performing methods differ for the three engines, suggesting that the experimental parameters should be fine-tuned to the choice of the engine. We also recommend a simple approach and provide reference data to ease the transfer of the optimized methods to other mass spectrometers relevant for proteomics. We demonstrate the utility of this approach on an Orbitrap instrument. Data sets can be accessed via the MassIVE repository (MSV000086379).
: Air and Missile Defense IPB is a systematic continuous process of analyzing the adversarys aeri... more : Air and Missile Defense IPB is a systematic continuous process of analyzing the adversarys aerial and Tactical Ballistic Missile (TBM) forces and environment in a specific geographic area and the battlefield around it. By determining the likely adversary courses of action (COAs), their associated branches and sequels, and by describing the environment where air and missile defense forces are operating, this AMD IPB process helps the commander and staff selectively apply and maximize available AMD forces at critical points in time and space on the battlefield. Applied properly, AMD IPB provides for the timely and effective neutralization and/or destruction of the aerial and TBM threat, while minimizing the requirement for friendly AMD assets. This provides the commander and staff with an informed method for providing asset defense from an adversarys aerial and TBM force. A large number of adversary countries possess or are trying to acquire TBMs and Advanced Air Breathing Threats (...
: The purpose of ATP 3-90.97 is the Armys doctrinal publication for operations in mountain warfar... more : The purpose of ATP 3-90.97 is the Armys doctrinal publication for operations in mountain warfare and coldweather operations. It provides doctrinal guidance and direction for how United States (U.S.) forces conduct mountain and cold weather operations and is to arm leaders and Soldiers with the information necessary to operate in mountain and cold weather environments. The information contained in this manual applies to all Soldiers, regardless of rank or job specialty. This manual is designed to work in conjunction with and complement Training Circular on military mountaineering (TC) 3-97.61 and Army Tactics and Techniques Publication (ATTP) 3-21.50.This manual will enable leaders and Soldiers to understand mountain and cold weather environments, their effects on military weapons and equipment, impacts these environments have on personnel, and most importantly, how units employ the elements of combat power in mountain and cold weather environments.
Greetings Retired Soldiers and Families, Your Army remains globally engaged with more than 190,00... more Greetings Retired Soldiers and Families, Your Army remains globally engaged with more than 190,000 Soldiers deployed and forward stationed supporting combatant command requirements across the globe. Army Soldiers are training and advising our partners in Iraq and Afghanistan to counter Islamic extremism, countering Russian aggression in Europe, and supporting national defense objectives in the Pacific, in Thailand, the Philippines, and Korea.
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1974
This paper presents a first implementation of a computer-aided design concept intended to confron... more This paper presents a first implementation of a computer-aided design concept intended to confront issues normally faced by designers of complex engineering systems. Computer graphics play no essential role in this concept. Rather, the concept is aimed at organizing the analysis and search activities of a designer as he attempts to find values for the independent design parameters at his
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Papers by GENERAL MARK A. MILLEY