Papers by Gabriel Bunduki
Journal of advances in microbiology, Jan 3, 2018
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) kills approximately two million people and infects around nine mill... more Background: Tuberculosis (TB) kills approximately two million people and infects around nine million worldwide annually. Its proper management, especially in resource-limited settings, has been hindered by the lack of rapid and easy-to-use diagnostic tests. Sputum smear microscopy remains the cheapest, readily available diagnostic method but it only identifies less than half of the patients with a HIV/TB co-infection because the bacilli would have disseminated from the lungs to other areas of the body. The fully automated Xpert® MTB/RIF assay is a promising innovation for diagnosing TB and detecting resistance to rifampicin. This study aimed to evaluate the use of Xpert® MTB/RIF assay and microscopy in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Namibia, by determining the disease's epidemiology and calculating the proportion of cases infected just with TB and those with a resistance to rifampicin among the total suspected cases of TB in the country. Methods: This retrospective study analysed TB cases that were diagnosed using both the Xpert® MTB/RIF assay and microscopy. Data were collected from patient records from the Meditech laboratory information system of the Namibia Institute of Pathology for the time period of July 2012-April 2013. Data from 13 regions were collected. Results: The total number of specimens collected from patients with symptoms of pulmonary TB was 1 842. Of these, 594 (32.20%) were found to be positive for MTB by Xpert® MTB/RIF assay, out of which 443 (24.05%) were also found to be positive by microscopy. The remainder was negative. The male patients were more resistant to rifampicin when compared to the female patients. Conclusions: Tuberculosis is widely distributed throughout Namibia, with slightly more males infected than females. Most TB patients are also co-infected with HIV. Both microscopy and Xpert® MTB/RIF assay are crucial for the diagnosis of TB in the country. Screening diagnostic efforts should focus on the sexually active HIV positive male population who could be the source of more RIF-resistant TB than females to prevent its spread.
Journal of advances in microbiology, Jan 10, 2017
Background Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenging issue in children and adults. Finding... more Background Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenging issue in children and adults. Finding the extent of resistance is the first step in finding an appropriate way to combat it. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistance patterns of different bacterial isolates in urine specimens from children and adults. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was done from January 1, 2014, to December 30, 2018, and used data from bacterial cultures collected and processed at the Centre Universitaire de Diagnostic au Graben (CUDG), located in Butembo in the Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Conventional standard urine culture followed by bacteria identification based on conventional methods (colony morphology, Gram stain, and biochemical tests) were performed. Standard disc diffusion drug susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI M 100-S22 guidelines. Findings Of 1620 urine specimens collected, 1041 (64.3%) showed positive microorganism growth. The th...
Additional file 1. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies.
Additional file 2: Table S1. Studies assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for asse... more Additional file 2: Table S1. Studies assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for assessment of cross-sectional studies.
Additional file 1: Table S1. Maternal related risk factors that predisposed to a poor outcome neo... more Additional file 1: Table S1. Maternal related risk factors that predisposed to a poor outcome neonatal sepsis. Table S2. Neonatal related risk factors that predisposed to neonatal sepsis. Table S3. Clinical features of sepsis predicting a poor outcome.
Neonatal and Pediatric Medicine, 2018
Background: Infant mortality refers to deaths that affect children during their first year of lif... more Background: Infant mortality refers to deaths that affect children during their first year of life per 1,000 live births. It is composed of early neonatal mortality (0-7 days of birth), late neonatal mortality (8-27 days) and post-neonatal mortality (28-365 days). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of infant mortality in Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out from January 2015 to December 2016 in 3 Congolese hospitals (Cliniques Universitaires du Graben (CUG), Matanda Hospital and Kitatumba General Referral Hospital) on 8033 children. Results: The prevalence of infant mortality was 14.31‰. A child under one year hospitalized at CUG has 6.66 times the risk of death than those hospitalized at other hospitals. Age <7 days, male sex, weight <2499 grams, history of hospitalization during pregnancy, less than 4 sessions of antenatal care, APGAR score <7, dystocic delivery, irregularities in immunization schedule, pathologies such as HIV/AIDS, acute respiratory infection, prematurity, and neonatal infections were the risk factors contributing to infant mortality. Conclusion: Actions aiming to reduce the occurrence of risk factors should be done in order to get the possible lowest prevalence of infant mortality.
Background: Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are glob... more Background: Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are global health threat contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in resource-constrained countries. This cross sectional study examined factors associated with the carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) in community patients in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: We collected rectal swabs and urine samples from randomly recruited participants and screened for ESBL-E on CHROMagarTM ESBL medium (CHROMagar, Paris, France). The ESBL-E isolates were identified using commercially acquired biochemical strips (Microbact™ GNB, Oxoid, UK) and production of ESBL was confirmed by the combination disk test using cefotaxime and ceftazidime disks with and without clavulanic acid. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by the disc diffusion method and interpreted according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2019. Univariate logistic regression was ...
Background: Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) diseases are recognized as common early presentations of H... more Background: Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) diseases are recognized as common early presentations of HIV infection. Despite the large number of HIV infected patients worldwide, information regarding Ear Nose and Throat diseases among HIV infected patients is very limited; Objective of this survey was to determine the incidence of Ear Nose and Throat diseases among HIV infected patients at FEPSI hospital in Butembo. Methods: This was a retrospective study carried out from 1stJanuary 2017to 31stDecember2017 at FEPSI Hospital which is one of the referral hospitals involved in the management of HIV infected patients in Butembo, Eastern of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Results: The incidence of Ear Nose and Throat diseases among HIV infected patients was found to be 8.7% (25/288). Acute Rhinitis was the most frequent Ear Nose and Throat disease in our survey with 60%; Female were more affected than male with a ratio of 1.08; The age range 21- 40 and 41-60 were the most affected with 3...
Introduction Human emerging pathogens are defined as novel etiological agents that have recently ... more Introduction Human emerging pathogens are defined as novel etiological agents that have recently manifested in a population and were not known previously, elsewhere [1]. They also included re-emerging infectious diseases that had been controlled but were newly active because of the failure of application of established control measures or their ability to evade formerly effective controls [2]. Infectious microbial diseases account for about 40% of the burden of human mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Approximately 70% of protozoa, 40% of fungi, 50% of bacteria, and 80% of viruses that infect human beings are zoonotic [3]. Two of the most common causes of human Research Article Page: 17-32
Objective: This study examined factors associated with the carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactam... more Objective: This study examined factors associated with the carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae in community patients in Blantyre, Malawi. ResultsA total of 50 community patients with ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) carriage were identified from 300 adults recruited in the study, which gave a prevalence of 16.67% (50/300, 95% CI=12.43-20.91%). The mean age ±SD was 32.41±12.07 years; range, 18-75 years and 54.33% (163/300) were women. The results of unadjusted logistic regression model fitted to identify factors associated with ESBL-E carriage in community patients showed that there was no any degree of association between carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in community patients with either their demographic or clinical characteristics.
Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2021
Background Morel-Lavallée lesions are posttraumatic, closed degloving injuries in which the skin ... more Background Morel-Lavallée lesions are posttraumatic, closed degloving injuries in which the skin and subcutaneous tissue are separated abruptly from superficial underlying fascia. This condition leads to an effusion containing hemolymph and necrotic fat. Magnetic resonance imaging, when available, is the modality of choice in the evaluation of Morel-Lavallée lesion. Early diagnosis and management is essential as any delay in diagnosis or missed lesion will lead to the effusion becoming infected or leading to extensive skin necrosis. We present a condition of a Morel-Lavallée lesion involving the scalp and complicated by conjunctival chemosis. Case presentation We report on a 3-year-old black African girl who presented a fluctuant swelling of entire scalp, extending to upper part of the face on the seventh day after a forehead trauma due to falling on a rock while playing. Skull x-ray revealed soft-tissue swelling, giving an impression of large fluid collection in the deep subcutaneo...
Pan African Medical Journal, 2020
Infection Prevention in Practice, 2020
Background: Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is one of the measures used for preventing surg... more Background: Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is one of the measures used for preventing surgical site infections. SAP has high impact but there is low compliance with antimicrobial guidelines in many developing countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This study aimed to assess the compliance of antibiotics used for surgical site infection prophylaxis with international guidelines among patients undergoing surgery at the "Cliniques Universitaires du Graben" (CUG). Methods: This was a retrospective study including all patients who underwent surgery and received SAP between January 2017 and December 2018 at CUG. Surgical and Gynaecology-Obstetric patients were included. A total of 265 patients were included in the analysis. A standardized questionnaire was used for collecting pre-, per-, and postoperative data. The compliance of SAP was assessed for all patients. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22. Results: The compliance rate ofSAP among patients undergoing surgery at CUG was 18.1%. Emergency surgery increased the risk of SAP non-compliance by three fold (OR¼3.5, 95% CI: 1.0e11.8, p ¼ 0.033). The most frequent antibiotics used in SAP were ampicillin, cloxacillin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone, alone or in combination. Categories of noncompliance included; inappropriate initial dose of antibiotic (compliance rate of 23.8%) and incorrect duration of antibiotic use (compliance rate of 30.9%). Among the included patients, 22 (8.3%) presented with a surgical site infection, of those 20 (90.9%) had received non-compliant SAP. Conclusion: The correct use of SAP among patients undergoing surgery at CUG is low. Implementing measures to optimize adherence to SAP guidelines should be encouraged. A
Archives of Current Research International, 2018
One Health, 2019
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
One Health, 2019
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of Medical Case Reports, 2019
Background: Sirenomelia is a rare and fatal congenital defect. The rarity of this case and its as... more Background: Sirenomelia is a rare and fatal congenital defect. The rarity of this case and its association with abdominal total wall defect drove us to report this case. Case presentation: We report a rare case of sirenomelia characterized by lower limb fusion, thoracolumbar spinal anomalies, sacrococcygeal agenesis with a rudimentary tail, and genitourinary and anorectal atresia. Coexistent anterior abdominal wall defect in this case highlights its fatalness because of complications associated with the malformation. Conclusions: Sirenomelia syndrome has seldom been reported. The present case highlights the rare atypical association of sirenomelia with anterior abdominal wall defect. Because the investigations were done in a lowresource setting, the etiology regarding this case remains unclear.
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Papers by Gabriel Bunduki