Papers by Frederique Sachwald
France is the third publishing country in mathematics, behind China and the United States. France... more France is the third publishing country in mathematics, behind China and the United States. France is strongly specialized in mathematics. Besides, French researchers in mathematics are internationally recognized with prestigious prizes. Between 1936 and 2014, French doctorate holders were awarded 14 such prizes (Fields medal, Abel, Gauss or Wolff prizes). France is second ex aequo with Russia on this measure, behind the United States (40). Yet, bibliometric impact indicators measure a less outstanding performance. For example the French share of the 1% most cited publications, at 5.5%, is lower than its share of publications in the discipline. This paper explores this uneven performance of France when different indicators are being used. In order to do so, it compares different corpora. It first shows that French performance in mathematics is driven by its stronger results in fundamental mathematics. It then compares results in two selective corpora. It finally discusses the profile...
1. Frederique Sachwald Emerging Multinational: the Main Issues 2. Francoise Nicolas A Case of Gov... more 1. Frederique Sachwald Emerging Multinational: the Main Issues 2. Francoise Nicolas A Case of Government-led Integration into the World Economy 3. Serge Perrin Korean Direct Investment in North America and Europe: Patterns and Determinants 4. Luis Miotti and Frederique Sachwald Korean Multinationals' Strategies and International Learning 5. Serge Perrin The Internationalization of Korean Electronics Firms: Domestic Rivalry and Tariff-Jumping 6. Marc Lautier The International Development of the Korean Automobile Industry 7. Kong-Rae Lee Technological Catching-up through Overseas Direct Investment: Samsung's Camera Business 8. Alice Amsden, Rene Belderbos, John Cantwell, Byungki Ha, Pierre Jacquet, Randall Jones, Bruce Kogut and Lynn Mytelka Discussion 9. Frederique Sachwald Globalization and Korea's Development Trajectory: the Roles of Domestic and Foreign Multinationals
Science and Public Policy, 2017
This article draws on innovation studies and bibliometrics to argue that excellent research has a... more This article draws on innovation studies and bibliometrics to argue that excellent research has a dual impact on both science and innovation. Academic excellence thus constitutes a major objective to ensure economic impact of research through innovation and the development of new high growth sectors. The article confronts the results of empirical studies with both public policies and the production of high impact research in Europe. In the early 2000s, while policies aimed at fighting the 'R&D deficit' vis-à-vis the USA and the 'European paradox', the EU actually suffered from deficits in both excellent research and innovation in new sectors. Policies in Europe have progressively changed in response to the internationalization of R&D, the emergence of new scientific powers and the combined influence of rankings and of empirical studies. The scientific production of EU28 also improved both quantitatively and qualitatively. The notion of a 'European paradox' has however remained part of the narrative on innovation and has kept influencing some policies, resulting in an overemphasis on R&D intensity and insufficient recognition of the role of excellence in science. The paper underscores the diversity of performance between European countries and draws policy conclusions.
Http Www Theses Fr, 1989
This work analyses some important aspects of the structural adjustment in the automobile industry... more This work analyses some important aspects of the structural adjustment in the automobile industry. This case study aims at illustrating the following thesis: the firm being a coordinated pool of ressources, adjustment entails their adaptation and or their reorganization. Therefore adjustment can not be thoroughly analysed by staying at the sector level.
L'Ifri est un centre de recherche et un lieu de débats sur les grands enjeux politiques et économ... more L'Ifri est un centre de recherche et un lieu de débats sur les grands enjeux politiques et économiques internationaux. Dirigé par Thierry de Montbrial depuis sa fondation en 1979, l'Ifri est né de la transformation du Centre d'études de politique étrangère créé en 1935. Il bénéficie du statut d'association reconnue d'utilité publique (loi de 1901). L'Ifri dispose d'une équipe de spécialistes qui mène des programmes de recherche sur des sujets politiques, stratégiques, économiques et régionaux, et assure le suivi des grandes questions internationales. La série transatlantique des « Notes de l'Ifri » propose des analyses concises, en français ou en anglais, des principaux débats transatlantiques et des enjeux politiques menées tant aux États-Unis qu'en Europe. Elle reçoit le soutien du German Marshall Fund of the United States. Cette publication a également reçu le soutien du ministère de la Défense. Les opinions exprimées dans ce texte n'engagent que la responsabilité de l'auteur.
Network Knowledge in International Business
It has been one of the best established facts about foreign direct investment (FDI) that it origi... more It has been one of the best established facts about foreign direct investment (FDI) that it originates predominantly from advanced countries and goes predominantly to advanced countries. From this point of view, in the 1980s and early 1990s, globalization involved predominantly the Triad countries rather than the entire globe. Over the last decade however, multinational companies have been playing a major role in the integration of a number of developing and transition countries in the world economy. The case of China is being extensively discussed, but multinational enterprises have also played an important role in the integration of the new member states of the European Union into the world economy. FDI to developing countries has increased steadily over the 1990s and has been driving the recovery of world FDI since 2004. As a result, flows of FDI to developing countries represent an increasing share of world flows. The shift of multinational activities towards low-income countries could be consistent with different motivations and in particular with both access to dynamic markets and access to low-cost production capabilities. The paper argues that the balance between these two traditional motivations for FDI has been changing. It discusses more precisely the hypothesis of an increasing role of global production networks and relocation of production facilities as a driver for FDI. Part 1 describes the evolution of FDI and its geographical distribution over the last two decades. It relates FDI flows to China and the new members of the EU with multinational strategies and the evolution of the industrial exports of these countries. Part 2 reviews the literature on the determinants of FDI and discusses the distinction between horizontal and vertical FDI. It argues that vertical FDI and relocation of production have become stronger drivers of foreign investment. This second part also underscores the increasing diversity of activities conducted by multinationals abroad. It shows in particular that FDI in distribution and R&D activities respond to different factors of attraction than FDI in manufacturing. Part 3 draws on these theoretical and empirical results to discuss the future evolution of FDI and its sector and country distribution.
Politique étrangère, 2000
Au-delà de comparaisons faciles entre la fin du XIXe et celle du XXe siècle, cet article s'at... more Au-delà de comparaisons faciles entre la fin du XIXe et celle du XXe siècle, cet article s'attache à montrer combien la mondialisation économique diffère de l'internationalisation du siècle précédent, par son intensité et par sa complexité. Il analyse le choc qu'a représenté pour les économies de la fin du XIXe siècle la convergence des prix et des salaires, liée à l'internationalisation, et la réponse alors apportée par les gouvernements. Comparant les mouvements de rejet suscités par les deux phénomènes, il explique pourquoi l'opposition contemporaine à la mondialisation a mis plus longtemps à se manifester et souligne le rôle fondamental du contexte institutionnel, national et international. A cet égard, les oppositions actuelles à la mondialisation placent au cœur des préoccupations d'aujourd'hui les conditions mêmes de sa gouvernance.
Politique étrangère, 1997
D'un point de vue plus directement politique, la mondialisation signifie une recomposition g... more D'un point de vue plus directement politique, la mondialisation signifie une recomposition géopolitique qui comporte en particulier une redéfinition des alliances, où l'appartenance à une même région géographique joue un rôle important, mais non exclusif. La mondialisation s'inscrit dans ...
Histoire de la recherche contemporaine, 2021
Histoire de la recherche contemporaine La revue du Comité pour l'histoire du CNRS Tome X-n°2 | 20... more Histoire de la recherche contemporaine La revue du Comité pour l'histoire du CNRS Tome X-n°2 | 2021 Les outils documentaires de la science
Since the late 1980s, internationalisation of R&D has been driven both by the development of glob... more Since the late 1980s, internationalisation of R&D has been driven both by the development of global value chains (GVCs) and by the dynamics of innovation processes themselves. As a result, an increasing number of multinational companies have developed and refined global innovation networks (GINs) including the set of their R&D centres and the related networks of cooperation. As their foreign R&D locations have developed, they have become more geographically and functionally diversified. Besides, within GINs, both foreign and home R&D centres are involved in open innovation practices. The paper uses empirical results from the literature to argue that GINs are effective channels for technology transfer across borders. It studies how the different types of R&D centers are located and how cooperation with various partners is organised in order to take advantage of knowledge resources from different countries. Studies based on data from various countries have showed that multinationals’ ...
Going Multinational, 2013
Horizons stratégiques, 2008
Mohamed Harfi est docteur en économie et enseigne à l'université de Paris-XI. Il est actuellement... more Mohamed Harfi est docteur en économie et enseigne à l'université de Paris-XI. Il est actuellement chargé de mission au département Travail, Emploi et Formation du Centre d'analyse stratégique, chargé des questions d'enseignement et de formation tout au long de la vie. Il est notamment co-auteur des rapports Étudiants et chercheurs à l'horizon 2020 : enjeux de la mobilité internationale et de l'attractivité, Commissariat général du Plan (2005), Les Universités en mutation : la politique publique de contractualisation (1984-2002), Conseil national de l'évaluation-Commissariat général du Plan (2004), La France dans l'économie du savoir : pour une dynamique collective, Commissariat général du Plan (2002), Recherche et innovation : la France dans la compétition mondiale (1999), et du chapitre consacré à la France in Intraindustry Trade and Adjustment : the European Experience, Macmillan Press (1999). Claude Mathieu est professeur à l'université de Paris-XII, et conseiller scientifique au département de la Recherche, des Technologies et du Développement durable du Centre d'analyse stratégique. Il est co-auteur du rapport Étudiants et chercheurs à l'horizon 2020 : enjeux de la mobilité internationale et de l'attractivité, Commissariat général du Plan (2005), et auteur de Multinational Firms, Foreign Direct Investment and International Trade, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2006) et de « Adjustment Costs and Labor Demand: A Comparison Between France and the Czech Republic », Économie & Prévision (2006). Résumé L'objet de cet article est d'analyser l'importance et les caractéristiques du processus d'internationalisation de la recherche et développement (R & D) des entreprises ainsi que l'attractivité de la France pour ce type d'activité. La R & D réalisée en France par des filiales étrangères représente 5,6 milliards d'euros en 2004, soit 25,3 % des dépenses de R & D totales des entreprises. Cette proportion est supérieure à la moyenne européenne qui s'établit à 13,8 %. À partir d'une typologie des centres de recherche, l'analyse montre que la France attire davantage des centres d'adaptation (des produits à la demande locale) que des centres globaux (réalisant des innovations à destination des marchés mondiaux). Les
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Papers by Frederique Sachwald